635 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
635 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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INTERNATIONAL ROUTING DESIGNATORS
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Lew Jenkins, N6VV
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David B. Toth, M.D., VE3GYQ
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H. N. "Hank" Oredson, W0RLI
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c/o Dr. D. B. Toth
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499 Bobbybrook Drive
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London, Ontario, Canada
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N5X 1G8
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It has become obvious by now that the work-horse of our so-called
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packet network is the venerable BBS program. In fact, some will argue
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that it has been too successful. Every time that a band-aid is needed
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to "fix" the network, it is applied through the various BBS programs.
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It is probably fair to say that the maintenance of the forwarding
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tables is a drudgery that most sysops could do without. This point also
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under-scores a serious problem faced by all networks: ROUTING.
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With the introduction of W0RLI V7.00 and support for Hierarchical
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routing designators, we have an opportunity to improve traffic routing
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particularly for international traffic. Since N6VV is at the present
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time responsible for traffic to Asia and the Pacific, and occasionally
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Europe and Africa, he has implemented some Hierarchical routing
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designators which will assist him in international routing.
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Using this structure mail can now be addressed :
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JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.JPN.AS
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or
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VK4AHD @ AX4BBS.AUS.AU
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Starting today you can begin using Continental and Country designators
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for international traffic destined for Asia and the Pacific. A forward
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file may be set up to support the following codes:
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** Continental Designators **
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AF - Africa
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AS - Asia
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AU - Australia
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EU - Europe
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NA - North America
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OC - Oceana
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SA - South America
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** Country Designators **
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For country codes there is a generally accepted international standard
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for abreviations. These are used in international electronic message
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standards such as ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT. They are published by the
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International Standards Organization and known formally as ISO
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3166-1981(E/F).
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--------------------------- CUT HERE ---------------------------------
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Country codes (abbreviated list to show common country codes):
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Argentina ARG Japan JPN
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Australia AUS Korea,North PRK
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Austria AUT Korea,South KOR
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Belgium BEL Lebanon LBN
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Bermuda BMU Liechtenstein LIE
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Bolivia BOL Luxembourg LUX
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Brazil BRA Malaysia MYS
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Brunei BRN Mexico MEX
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Bulgaria BGR Monaco MCO
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Canada CAN Morocco MAR
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Chile CHL Netherlands NLD
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China CHN New Zealand NZL
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Colombia COL Nicaragua NIC
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Costa Rica CRI Norway NOR
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Cuba CUB Pakistan PAK
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Denmark DNK Panama PAN
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Dominican Republic DOM Paraguay PRY
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Ecuador ECU Peru PER
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Egypt EGY Phillipines PHL
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El Salvador SLV Poland POL
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Finland FIN Portugal PRT
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France FRA Romania ROM
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French Polynesia PYF Saudi Arabia SAU
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German Demo. Rep. DDR Singapore SGP
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Germany, Federal Rep DEU South Africa ZAF
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Greece GRC Spain ESP
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Greenland GRL Sweden SWE
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Guatemala GTM Switzerland CHE
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Haiti HTI Syria SYR
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Honduras HND Taiwan TWN
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Hong Kong HKG Thailand THA
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Hungary HUN Turkey TUR
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Iceland ISL United Kingdom GBR
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India IND United States USA
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Indonesia IDN Uruguay URY
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Ireland IRL USSR SUN
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Israel ISR Venezuela VEN
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Italy ITA Yugoslavia YUG
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State and province codes shall be the recognized two-character code
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established by the American and Canadian Post Offices. These may also
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be found in the Callbook listings.
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It is after we get down to the state/province/county level where the
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trouble may begin. To understand why, we must examine how the BBS code
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goes about matching things in the route. The first principle is that
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it attempts to find a match between the items in its forward file and
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the left-most item in the address field. As an example, say that we
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send something to W0RLI @ W0RLI.OR.USA.NA, and that the only entries
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--------------------- CUT HERE -------------------------------------
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that we have in the forward file are for CA. That match would be
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sufficient to allow the message to be forwarded. If W0RLI were found,
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that entry would take precedence (because it is more left in the field
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than CA) and would of course also ensure delivery. The best way to
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look at it is "W0RLI AT W0RLI which is in OR which is in USA which is
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in NA". So far so good.
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But the Japanese network wants to use area routing numbers. For
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example, JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.42.JPN.AS ... and everyone says, "So what,
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let them!" Of course, that is very mature of all of us, but the trouble
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is that the 42 in that string may also match wild-card ZIP codes that
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some folks keep in their forward file, such as 42*. The solution we
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propose is to use an agreed upon key character for designators below
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the state and province level, and we recommend the octothorpe, "#".
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So now the above address would be JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.#42.JPN.AS .
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Other examples could be:
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1) W0RLI @ W0RLI.#PDX.OR.USA.NA - W0RLI within PDX (Portland)
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within Oregon, etc.
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2) VE3BTZ @ VE3GYQ.#LONDN.#SONT.ON.CAN.NA - VE3BTZ at VE3GYQ in
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London, in Southern Ontario, in Ontario, etc.
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There is another added benefit to this scheme. It involves Gatewaying
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between the BBS world and other networks, such as TCP/IP via SMTP.
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Much of the pioneer work in setting up the gatewaying protocols has
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been done by NN2Z, N3EUA, and PA0GRI, amongst others. The W0RLI BBS
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package allows for the forwarding of mail between the BBS world and
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the SMTP world. Of note is the fact that the WA7MBL package has allowed
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such message exporting and importing for some time now. This means that
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we can take advantage of the the TCP/IP host-names and their domain or
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hierarchal format for forwarding. Thus it is possible to send mail from
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the BBS to VE3BTZ as ve3btz@pc.ve3btz.ampr.org or from SMTP to
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w0rli@w0rli.ca.usa.na and not have any ambiguity.
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WA7MBL versions 5.13 and later are compatible with hierarchal routing.
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This system is still compatable with older style systems, as a system
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that handles hierarchal forwarding identifies with the H feature letter:
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[RLI-8.00-CH$]. If it does not get an appropriate response, it uses the
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left-most item in the "@ BBS" string as the "@ BBS" for the message.
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The authors hope that this paper will serve as a starting place for
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improved message routing by means of implicit routing. Low-level (VHF)
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BBSs need only maintain state or province or country codes for distant
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BBSs, and route such traffic to their nearest HF Gateway. In turn, the
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HF station routes it to the desired state, where the receiving Gateway
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station would have a detailed list of the BBSs it serves.
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Correspondence may be addressed to the address given at the start of
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this paper, or to VE3GYQ @ VE3GYQ.ON.CAN.NA or N6VV @ N6VV.CA.USA.NA .
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***************************************************************
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* * * * * * D I G I T A L R A D I O N E W S * * * * * *
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***************************************************************
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* * * * KEEPING YOUR SYSOP HAPPY * * * *
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Sysops have to be an unusual breed. They assume massive
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responsibility, give up large blocks of time to nurse-maid the
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network and put up with a lot of hassle. I suspect that they
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somehow enjoy what they do. At the same time, it's this rather
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parculiar behavior of these very SYSOPS that gives mortals like
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you and I the pleasure of using the PBBS NETS.
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These guys are OK.
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I think that the least we (as mear mortals) can do to add some
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glow to the dreary life of the SYSOP, is to use proper
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addressing. The key phrase is: HIERARCHAL ADDRESSING.
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Hierarchical Addressing makes your SYSOP's job easy by
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affording automatic routing of all messages. Your SYSOP
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doesn't have to stay up all hours manually digging out routing
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paths for your message. It also gets your message to its
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destination MUCHO POSTO-QUICKO !
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EXAMPLE 1:
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Ed's Hierarchal Address: KB6DRN @ K6RAU.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NA
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Ed's Call--------: KB6DRN
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Ed's PBBS--------: K6RAU
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Ed's Local Region: #NOCAL (optional)
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Ed's State-------: CA
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Ed's Country-----: USA
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Ed's Continent---: NA
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EXAMPLE 2:
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Marks's Hierarchal Address: WB9QZB @ N3AIA.IL.USA.NA
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Mark's Call------: WB9QZB
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Mark's PBBS------: N3AIA
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Mark's State-----: IL
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Mark's Country---: USA
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Mark's Continent-: NA
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(There is also an international list of these labels in the
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"W-Files" of many PBBS Boxes)
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By addressing each and every message with this method you can
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attempt to make your SYSOP HAPPY. I Realize that the term
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"HAPPY SYSOP" may be a bit of a paradox, however as mear
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mortals we should make every attempt to work towards this goal:
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1. USE THE HIERARCHAL ADDRESS
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2. INCLUDE THE HIERARCHAL ADDRESS IN THE BODY OF YOUR MESSAGE.
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3. BE NICE TO YOUR SYSOP.
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ED/KB6DRN @ K6RAU.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NA
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*** The following was provided by JA1KSO ***
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Following list is the world-wide country codes recognized by ISO,
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prefixes recognized by ITU, and continental separation recognized
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by IARU.
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Note: This list was completed by refering ISO-3166/JIS X 0304
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(3-ISO) (2-ISO) (3N-ISO) PREFIX CONTINENT COUNTRY
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AFG AF 004 T6/YA AS AFGANISTAN
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ALB AL 008 ZA EU ALBANIA
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DZA DZ 012 7X AF ALGERIA
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ASM AS 016 KH8 OC AME.SAMOA
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AND AD 020 C3 EU ANDORRA
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AGO AO 024 D2 AF ANGOLA
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ATA AQ 010 8J/KC4.. AF/AN ANTARCTICA
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ATG AG 028 V2 NA ANTIGUA
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ARG AR 032 LU SA ARGENTINA
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AUS AU 036 VK OC AUSTRALIA
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AUT AT 040 OE EU AUSTRIA
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BHS BS 044 C6 NA BAHAMAS
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BHR BR 048 A9 AS BAHRAIN
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BGD BD 050 S2 AS BANGLADESH
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BRB BB 052 8P6 NA BARBADOS
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BEL BE 056 ON EU BELGIUM
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BLZ BZ 084 V3 NA BELIZE
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BEN BJ 204 TY AF BENIN
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BMU BM 060 VP9 NA BERMUDA
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BTN BT 064 A5 AS BHUTAN
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BOL BO 068 CP SA BOLIVIA
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BWA BW 072 A2 AF BOTSWANA
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BVT BV 074 3Y AF BOUVET I.
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BRA BR 076 PY SA BRAZIL
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IOT IO 086 VQ9 AF CHAGOS ARCH
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VGB VG 092 VP2V NA BR.VIRGIN IS
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BRN BN 096 V8 OC BRUNEI
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BGR BG 100 LZ EU BULGARIA
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BUR BU 104 XZ AS BURMA
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BDI BI 108 9U5 AF BURUNDI
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BYS BY 112 UC2 EU BYELORUSSIAN SSR
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CMR CM 120 TJ AF CAMEROON
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CAN CA 124 VE NA CANADA
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CTE CT 128 KH1/T3 OC CANTON IS
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CPV CV 132 D4 AF CAPE VERDE
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CYM KY 136 ZF NA CAYMAN IS
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CAF CF 140 TN AF C.AFRICAN REP
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TCD TD 148 TT AF CHAD
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CHL CL 152 CE SA CHILE
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CHN CN 156 BY AS CHINA
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CXR CX 162 VK9X OC XMAS I
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CCK CC 166 VK9Y AF COCOS KEELING
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COL CO 170 HK SA COLOMBIA
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COM KM 174 D6 AF COMOROS
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COG CG 178 TN8 AF CONGO
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COK CK 184 ZK1 OC COOK IS
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CRI CR 188 TI NA COSTA RICA
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CUB CU 192 T4/CO/CM NA CUBA
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CYP CY 196 P3/ZC4 AS CYPRUS
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CSK CS 200 OK/OL/OM EU CZECHOSLOVAKIA
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DNK DK 208 OZ EU DENMARK
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DJI DJ 262 J2 AF DJIBOUTI
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DMA DM 212 J7 NA DOMINICANA
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DOM DO 214 HI NA DOMINICAN REP
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ATN NQ 216 SA/AN DRONNING MAUD LAND
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TMP TP 626 YB OC EAST TIMOR
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ECU EC 218 HC SA ECUADOR
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EGY EG 818 SU AF EGYPT
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SLV SV 222 YS NA EL SALVADOR
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GNQ GQ 226 3C AF EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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ETH ET 230 ET AF ETHIOPIA
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FRO FO 234 OY EU FAEROE IS
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FLK FK 238 VP8 SA FALKLAND IS
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FJI FJ 242 3D OC FIJI
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FIN FI 246 OF/OG/OH EU FINLAND
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FRA FR 250 F EU FRANCE
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GUF GF 254 FY SA FR GUIANA
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PYF PF 258 FO OC FR POLYNESIA
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GAB GA 266 TR AF GABON
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GMB GM 270 C5 AF GAMBIA
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DDR DD 278 Y2.. EU GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REP
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DEU DE 280 DJ/DK/DL EU GERMANY
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GHA GH 288 9G AF GHANA
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GIB GI 292 ZB2 EU GIBRALTAR
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GRC GR 300 SV EU GREECE
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GRL GL 304 OX NA GREENLAND
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GRD GD 308 J3 NA GRENADA
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GLP GP 312 FG NA GUADELOUPE
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GUM GU 316 KH2 OC GUAM
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GTM GT 320 TG NA GUATEMARA
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GIN GN 324 3X AF GUINEA
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GNB GW 624 J5 AF GUINEA-BISSAU
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GUY GY 328 8R NA GUYANA
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HTI HT 332 HH NA HAITI
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HMD HM 334 VK0 AF HEARD I
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HND HN 340 HR NA HONDURAS
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HKG HK 344 VS6 AS HONG KONG
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HUN HU 348 HA/HG EU HUNGARY
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ISL IS 352 TF EU ICELAND
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IND IN 360 VU AS INDIA
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IDN ID 360 YB OC INDONESIA
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IRN IR 364 EP AS IRAN
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IRQ IQ 368 YI AS IRAQ
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IRL IE 372 EI EU IRELAND
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ISR IL 376 4X/4Z AS ISRAEL
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ITA IT 380 I EU ITALY
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CIV CI 384 TU AF IVORY COAST
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JAM JM 388 6Y5 NA JAMAICA
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JPN JP 392 J AS JAPAN
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JTN JT 396 KH3 OC JOHNSTON I.
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JOR JO 400 JY AS JORDAN
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KHN KH 116 XU AF KAMPUCHEA(CAMBODIA)
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KEN KE 404 5Z/5Y AF KENYA
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KIR KI 296 T3 OC KIRIBATI
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PRK KP 408 P5 AS D.P.R. OF KOREA
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KOR KR 410 HL/HM AS REP OF KOREA
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KWT KW 414 9K AS KUWAIT
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LAO LA 418 XW AS LAOS
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LBN LB 422 OD AS LEBANON
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LSO LS 426 7P AF LESOTHO
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LBR LR 430 EL AF LIBERIA
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LBY LY 434 5A AF LIBYA
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LIE LI 438 HE/HB0 EU LIECHTENSTEIN
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LUX LU 442 LX EU LUXEMBOURG
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MAC MO 446 XX9 AS MACAU
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MDG MG 450 5R8 AF MADAGASCAR
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MWI MW 454 7Q AF MALAWI
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MYS MY 458 9M AS MALAYSIA
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MDV MV 462 8Q AF MALDIVES
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MLI ML 466 TZ AF MALI
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MLT MT 470 9H EU MALTA
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MTQ MQ 474 FM NA MARTINIQUE
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MRT MR 478 5T AF MAURITANIA
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MUS MU 480 3B8 AF MAURITIUS
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MEX MX 484 XE/XF/4A NA MEXICO
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MID MI 488 KH4 OC MIDWAY
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MCO MC 492 3A EU MONACO
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MNG MN 496 JT AS MONGOLIA
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MSR MS 500 VP2M NA MONTSERRAT
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MAR MA 504 CN AF MOROCCO
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MOZ MZ 508 C9 AF MOZAMBIQUE
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NAM NA 516 ZS3 AF NAMIBIA
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NRU NR 520 C2 OC NAURU
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NPL NP 524 9N AS NEPAL
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NLD NL 528 PA EU NETHERLAND
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ANT AN 532 P4 SA NETH. ANTILLES
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NTZ NT 536 8Z4 AS NEUTRAL ZONE
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NCL NC 540 FK OC NEW CALEDONIA
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NZL NZ 554 ZL/ZM OC NEW ZEALAND
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NIC NI 558 YN NA NICARAGUA
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NER NE 562 5U AF NIGER
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NGA NG 566 5N AF NIGERIA
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NIU NU 570 ZK2 OC NIUE
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NFK NF 574 VK9N OC NORFOLK I
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NOR NO 578 LA EU NORWAY
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OMN OM 512 A4 AS OMAN
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PCI PC 582 KH0... OC MARIANA/PACIFIC IS
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PAK PK 586 AP AS PAKISTAN
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PAN PA 590 HP NA PANAMA
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PNG PG 598 P2 OC PAPUA NEW GUINEA
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PRY PY 600 ZP SA PARAGUAY
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PER PE 604 OA SA PERU
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PHL PH 608 DU/DX OC PHILIPPINES
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PCN PN 612 VR6 OC PITCAIRN I
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POL PL 616 SP/SQ EU POLAND
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PRT PT 620 CT/CS EU PORTUGAL
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||
PRI PR 630 KP4 NA PUERTO RICO
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||
QAT QA 634 A7 AS QATAR
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||
REU RE 638 FR AF REUNION
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ROM RO 642 YO EU ROMANIA
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||
RWA RW 646 9X AF RWANDA
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||
SHN SH 654 ZD7 AF ST.HELENA
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||
KNA KN 658 VP2K/VP2E NA ST.KITTS-ANGUILLA
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||
LCA LC 662 J6 NA ST.LUCIA
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||
SPM PM 666 FP NA ST.PIERRE/MIQUELON
|
||
VCT VC 670 J8 NA ST.VINCENT/GRENADINES
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||
WSM WS 882 5W OC SAMOA
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||
SMR SM 674 T7/M1 EU SAN MARINO
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STP ST 678 S9 AF SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
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||
SAU SA 682 HZ/7Z AS SAUDI ARABIA
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SEN SN 686 6W AF SENEGAL
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SYC SC 690 S7 AF SEYCHELLES
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SLE SL 694 9L AF SIERRA LEONE
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SGP SG 702 9V AS SINGAPORE
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||
SLB SB 090 H4 OC SOLOMON IS
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||
SOM SO 706 T5/6O AF SOMALIA
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ZAF ZA 710 ZS/ZR AF SOUTH AFRICA
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ESP ES 724 EA EU SPAIN
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LKA LK 144 4S7 AS SRI LANKA
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||
SDN SD 736 ST AF SUDAN
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SUR SR 740 PZ SA SURINAME
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||
SJM SJ 744 JX/JW EU SVALBARD/JAN MAYEN
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SWZ SZ 748 3D6 AF SWAZILAND
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SWE SE 752 SM/SL/SK EU SWEDEN
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CHE CH 756 HB EU SWITZERLAND
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SYR SY 760 YK AS SYRIA
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TWN TW 158 BV AS TAIWAN
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TZA TZ 834 5H AF TANZANIA
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THA TH 764 HS AS THAILAND
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TGO TG 768 5V AF TOGO
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TKL TK 722 ZM7 OC TOKELAU
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TON TO 776 A35 OC TONGA
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TTO TT 780 9Y NA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
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TUN TN 788 3V AF TUNISIA
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TUR TR 792 TA AS/EU TURKEY
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TCA TC 796 VP5 NA TURKS AND CAICOS IS
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TUV TV 798 T2 OC TUVALU
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UGA UG 800 5X AF UGANDA
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UKR UA 804 UB5 EU UKRAINEAN SSR
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ARE AE 784 A6 AF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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GBR GB 826 G EU UNITED KINGDOM
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USA US 840 W/K/N NA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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PUS PU 849 KH1,5.. OC US MISCELLANEOUS PAC IS
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VIR VI 850 KP2 NA US VIRGIN IS
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HVO HV 854 XT2 AF UPPER VOLTA
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URY UY 858 CX SA URUGAY
|
||
SUN SU 810 UA... EU/AS U.S.S.R.
|
||
VUT VU 548 YJ OC VANUATU
|
||
VAT VA 336 HV EU VATICAN CITY
|
||
VEN VE 862 YV SA VENEZUELA
|
||
VNM VN 704 3W/XV AS VIETNAM
|
||
WAK WK 872 KH9 OC WAKE I
|
||
WLF WF 876 FW OC WALLIS AND FUTUNA IS
|
||
ESH EH 732 S0 AF WESTERN SAHARA
|
||
YEM YE 886 4W AS YEMEN
|
||
YMD YD 720 7O AS P.D.R. OF YEMEN
|
||
YUG YU 890 YU/YT EU YUGOSLAVIA
|
||
ZAR ZR 180 9Q AF ZAIRE
|
||
ZMB ZM 894 9J AF ZAMBIA
|
||
ZWE ZW 716 Z2 AF ZIMBABWE
|
||
|
||
BY JA1KSO/AH6HX
|
||
(C) NOB ITOH
|
||
|
||
If you are going to use this for W0RLI's SUBLIST , you must omit your
|
||
own country from this list or put it into ( ) like (JPN).
|
||
Multiple forwarding by @ JPN(for example) must be controlled by
|
||
CONFIG.MB and by DIS file.
|
||
|
||
A!*
|
||
A@!*
|
||
B!*
|
||
B@!*
|
||
C!*
|
||
C@!*
|
||
D!*
|
||
D@!*
|
||
E!*
|
||
E@!*
|
||
F!*
|
||
F@!*
|
||
G!*
|
||
G@!*
|
||
H!*
|
||
H@!*
|
||
I!*
|
||
I@!*
|
||
J!*
|
||
J@!*
|
||
K!*
|
||
K@!*
|
||
L!*
|
||
L@!*
|
||
M!*
|
||
M@!*
|
||
N!*
|
||
N@!*
|
||
O!*
|
||
O@!*
|
||
P!*
|
||
P@!*
|
||
R!*
|
||
R@!*
|
||
S!*
|
||
S@!*
|
||
T!*
|
||
T@!*
|
||
U!*
|
||
U@!*
|
||
V!*
|
||
V@!*
|
||
W!*
|
||
W@!*
|
||
X!*
|
||
X@!*
|
||
Y!*
|
||
Y@!*
|
||
Z!*
|
||
Z@!*
|
||
1@!*
|
||
2@!*
|
||
3@!*
|
||
4@!*
|
||
5@!*
|
||
6@!*
|
||
7@!*
|
||
8@!*
|
||
9@!*
|
||
|
||
Above listing covers all prefixes being used for amateur radio.
|
||
This does not cover unauthorized calls such as UPOL23 etc.
|
||
|
||
If you are going to use this list for private mail forwarding, please
|
||
rewrite to meet your conditions. You must omit prefixes used in your
|
||
country.
|
||
|
||
Following are for Japan. In Japan following prefixes has been used.
|
||
|
||
JA1-0
|
||
JD1
|
||
JE1-0
|
||
JF1-0
|
||
JG1-0
|
||
JH1-0
|
||
JI1-0
|
||
JJ1-0
|
||
JK1-0
|
||
JL1-0
|
||
JM1-0
|
||
JN1-0
|
||
JO1-0
|
||
JP1-0
|
||
JQ1-0
|
||
JR1-0
|
||
JS1-0
|
||
7J1-0
|
||
8J1-0
|
||
|
||
So, sublist listing of PFX.NET for me is
|
||
|
||
A!*
|
||
A@!*
|
||
B!*
|
||
B@!*
|
||
C!*
|
||
C@!*
|
||
D!*
|
||
D@!*
|
||
E!*
|
||
E@!*
|
||
F!*
|
||
F@!*
|
||
G!*
|
||
G@!*
|
||
H!*
|
||
H@!*
|
||
I!*
|
||
I@!*
|
||
JT!* (must cover other than JA-JS)
|
||
JW!* =
|
||
JX!* =
|
||
JY!* =
|
||
K!*
|
||
K@!*
|
||
L!*
|
||
L@!*
|
||
M!*
|
||
M@!*
|
||
N!*
|
||
N@!*
|
||
O!*
|
||
O@!*
|
||
P!*
|
||
P@!*
|
||
R!*
|
||
R@!*
|
||
S!*
|
||
S@!*
|
||
T!*
|
||
T@!*
|
||
U!*
|
||
U@!*
|
||
V!*
|
||
V@!*
|
||
W!*
|
||
W@!*
|
||
X!*
|
||
X@!*
|
||
Y!*
|
||
Y@!*
|
||
Z!*
|
||
Z@!*
|
||
1@!*
|
||
2@!*
|
||
3@!*
|
||
4@!*
|
||
5@!*
|
||
6@!*
|
||
7G!* (following 7.8 listing cover other than 7J and 8J)
|
||
7O!*
|
||
7P!*
|
||
7Q!*
|
||
7S!*
|
||
7T!*
|
||
7X!*
|
||
7Z!*
|
||
8F!*
|
||
8P!*
|
||
8Q!*
|
||
8R!*
|
||
8T!*
|
||
8Z!*
|
||
9@!*
|
||
|
||
If we use this PFX.NET and COUNTRY.NET list, world-wide file forwarding
|
||
shall be mor successful.
|
||
|
||
DE JA1KSO
|
||
|