524 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
524 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
___________________________________________________________
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GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
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Beginners’ Series #3 Part 1
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How to Get a *Good* Shell Account
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____________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
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In this section you will learn how to:
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· tell whether you may already have a Unix shell account
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· get a shell account
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· log on to your shell account
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_______________________________________________________________
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You’ve fixed up your Windows box to boot up with a lurid hacker logo. You’ve
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renamed “Recycle Bin” “Hidden Haxor Secrets.” When you run Netscape or
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Internet Explorer, instead of that boring corporate logo, you have a
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full-color animated Mozilla destroying New York City. Now your friends and
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neighbors are terrified and impressed.
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But in your heart of hearts you know Windows is scorned by elite hackers.
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You keep on seeing their hairy exploit programs and almost every one of them
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requires the Unix operating system. You realize that when it comes to
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messing with computer networks, Unix is the most powerful operating system
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on the planet. You have developed a burning desire to become one of those
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Unix wizards yourself. Yes, you’re ready for the next step.
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You’re ready for a shell account. SHELL ACCOUNT!!!!
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*****************************************************
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Newbie note: A shell account allows you to use your home computer as a
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terminal on which you can give commands to a computer running Unix. The
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“shell” is the program that translates your keystrokes into Unix commands.
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With the right shell account you can enjoy the use of a far more powerful
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workstation than you could ever dream of affording to own yourself. It also
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is a great stepping stone to the day when you will be running some form of
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Unix on your home computer.
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*****************************************************
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Once upon a time the most common way to get on the Internet was through a
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Unix shell account. But nowadays everybody and his brother are on the
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Internet. Almost all these swarms of surfers want just two things: the Web,
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and email. To get the pretty pictures of today’s Web, the average Internet
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consumer wants a mere PPP (point to point) connection account. They wouldn’t
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know a Unix command if it hit them in the snoot. So nowadays almost the only
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people who want shell accounts are us wannabe hackers.
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The problem is that you used to be able to simply phone an ISP, say “I’d
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like a shell account,” and they would give it to you just like that. But
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nowadays, especially if you sound like a teenage male, you’ll run into
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something like this:
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ISP guy: “You want a shell account? What for?”
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Hacker dude: “Um, well, I like Unix.”
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“Like Unix, huh? You’re a hacker, aren’t you!” Slam, ISP guy hangs up on you.
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So how do you get a shell account? Actually, it’s possible you may already
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have one and not know it. So first we will answer the question, how do you
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tell whether you may already have a shell account? Then, if you are certain
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you don’t have one, we’ll explore the many ways you can get one, no matter
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what, from anywhere in the world.
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How Do I Know Whether I Already Have a Shell Account?
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First you need to get a program running that will connect you to a shell
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account. There are two programs with Windows 95 that will do this, as well
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as many other programs, some of which are excellent and free.
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First we will show you how to use the Win 95 Telnet program because you
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already have it and it will always work. But it’s a really limited program,
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so I suggest that you use it only if you can’t get the Hyperterminal
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program to work.
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1) Find your Telnet program and make a shortcut to it on your desktop.
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· One way is to click Start, then Programs, then Windows Explorer.
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· When Explorer is running, first resize it so it doesn’t cover the entire
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desktop.
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· Then click Tools, then Find, then “Files or Folders.”
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· Ask it to search for “Telnet.”
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· It will show a file labeled C:\windows\telnet (instead of C:\ it may have
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another drive). Right click on this file.
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· This will bring up a menu that includes the option “create shortcut.”
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Click on “create shortcut” and then drag the shortcut to the desktop and
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drop it.
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· Close Windows Explorer.
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2) Depending on how your system is configured, there are two ways to connect
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to the Internet. The easy way is to skip to step three. But if it fails, go
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back to this step. Start up whatever program you use to access the Internet.
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Once you are connected, minimize the program. Now try step three.
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3) Bring up your Telnet program by double clicking on the shortcut you just
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made.
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· First you need to configure Telnet so it actually is usable. On the
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toolbar click “terminal,” then “preferences,” then “fonts.” Choose “Courier
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New,” “regular” and 8 point size. You do this because if you have too big a
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font, the Telnet program is shown on the screen so big that the cursor from
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your shell program can end up being hidden off the screen. OK, OK, you can
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pick other fonts, but make sure that when you close the dialog box that the
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Telnet program window is entirely visible on the screen. Now why would there
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be options that make Telnet impossible to use? Ask Microsoft.
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· Now go back to the task bar to click Connect, then under it click “Remote
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system.” This brings up another dialog box.
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· Under “host name” in this box type in the last two parts of your email
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address. For example, if your email address is jane_doe@boring.ISP.com, type
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“ISP.com” for host name.
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· Under “port” in this box, leave it the way it is, reading “telnet.”
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· Under “terminal type,” in this box, choose “VT100.”
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· Then click the Connect button and wait to see what happens.
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· If the connection fails, try entering the last three parts of your email
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address as the host, in this case “boring.ISP.com.”
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Now if you have a shell account you should next get a message asking you to
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login. It may look something like this:
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Welcome to Boring Internet Services, Ltd.
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Boring.com S9 - login: cmeinel
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Password:
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Linux 2.0.0.
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Last login: Thu Apr 10 14:02:00 on ttyp5 from pm20.kitty.net.
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sleepy:~$
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If you get something like this you are in definite luck. The important thing
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here, however, is that the computer used the word “login” to get you
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started. If is asked for anything else, for example “logon,” this is not a
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shell account.
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As soon as you login, in the case of Boring Internet Services you have a
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Unix shell prompt on your screen. But instead of something this simple you
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may get something like:
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BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 (escape.com) (ttyrf)
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login: galfina
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Password:
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Last login: Thu Apr 10 16:11:37 from fubar.net
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Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
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Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
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The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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__________________________________________________________________
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___________________ ______ ______________
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___ / ___/ ___/ \/ \/ __ / ___/
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_____ / ___/\__ / /__/ / / /___/ ___/
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_______ / / / / / / / / / / / /
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_________ \_____/\_____/\_____/\__/___/\_/ \_____/ .com
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[ ESCAPE.COM ]
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__________________________________________________________________
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PLEASE NOTE:
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Multiple Logins and Simultaneous Dialups From Different Locations Are
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_NOT_ Permitted at Escape Internet Access.
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__________________________________________________________________
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Enter your terminal type, RETURN for vt100, ? for list:
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Setting terminal type to vt100.
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Erase is backspace.
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MAIN
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Escape Main Menu
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----[05:45PM]-----------------------------------------------------
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==> H) HELP Help & Tips for the Escape Interface. (M)
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I) INTERNET Internet Access & Resources (M)
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U) USENETM Usenet Conferences (Internet Distribution) (M)
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L) LTALK Escape Local Communications Center (M)
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B) BULLETINS Information on Escape, Upgrades, coming events. (M)
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M) MAIL Escape World Wide and Local Post Office (M)
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F) HOME Your Home Directory (Where all your files end up)
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C) CONFIG Config your user and system options (M)
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S) SHELL The Shell (Unix Environment) [TCSH]
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X) LOGOUT Leave System
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BACK MAIN HOME MBOX ITALK LOGOUT
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----[Mesg: Y]------------[ TAB key toggles menus ]-------[Connected: 0:00]---
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CMD>
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In this case you aren’t in a shell yet, but you can see an option on the
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menu to get to a shell. So hooray, you are in luck, you have a shell
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account. Just enter “S” and you’re in.
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Now depending on the ISP you try out, there may be all sorts of different
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menus, all designed to keep the user from having to ever stumble across the
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shell itself. But if you have a shell account, you will probably find the
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word “shell” somewhere on the menu.
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If you don’t get something obvious like this, you may have to do the single
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most humiliating thing a wannabe hacker will ever do. Call tech support and
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ask whether you have a shell account and, if so, how to login. It may be
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that they just want to make it really, really hard for you to find your
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shell account.
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Now personally I don’t care for the Win 95 Telnet program. Fortunately there
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are many other ways to check whether you have a shell account. Here’s how to
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use the Hyperterminal program, which, like Telnet, comes free with the
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Windows 95 operating system. This requires a different kind of connection.
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Instead of a PPP connection we will do a simple phone dialup, the same sort
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of connection you use to get on most computer bulletin board systems (BBS).
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1) First, find the program Hyperteminal and make a shortcut to your desktop.
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This one is easy to find. Just click Start, then Programs, then Accessories.
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You’ll find Hyperterminal on the accessories menu. Clicking on it will bring
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up a window with a bunch of icons. Click on the one labeled
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“hyperterminal.exe.”
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2) This brings up a dialog box called “New Connection.” Enter the name of
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your local dialup, then in the next dialog box enter the phone dialup number
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of your ISP.
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3) Make a shortcut to your desktop.
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4) Use Hyperterminal to dial your ISP. Note that in this case you are making
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a direct phone call to your shell account rather than trying to reach it
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through a PPP connection.
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Now when you dial your ISP from Hyperterminal you might get a bunch of
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really weird garbage scrolling down your screen. But don’t give up. What is
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happening is your ISP is trying to set up a PPP connection with
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Hyperterminal. That is the kind of connection you need in order to get
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pretty pictures on the Web. But Hyperterminal doesn’t understand PPP.
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Unfortunately I’ve have not been able to figure out why this happens
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sometimes or how to stop it. But the good side of this picture is that the
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problem may go away the next time you use Hyperterminal to connect to your
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ISP. So if you dial again you may get a login sequence. I’ve found it often
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helps to wait a few days and try again. Of course you can complain to tech
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support at your ISP. But it is likely that they won’t have a clue on what
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causes their end of things to try to set up a PPP session with your
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Hyperterminal connection. Sigh.
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But if all goes well, you will be able to log in. In fact, except for the
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PPP attempt problem, I like the Hyperterminal program much better than Win
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95 Telnet. So if you can get this one to work, try it out for awhile. See if
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you like it, too.
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There are a number of other terminal programs that are really good for
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connecting to your shell account. They include Qmodem, Quarterdeck Internet
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Suite, and Bitcom. Jericho recommends Ewan, a telnet program which also runs
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on Windows 95. Ewan is free, and has many more features than either
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Hyperterminal or Win 95 Telnet. You may download it from jericho’s ftp site
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at sekurity.org in the /utils directory.
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OK, let’s say you have logged into your ISP with your favorite program. But
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perhaps it still isn’t clear whether you have a shell account. Here’s your
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next test. At what you hope is your shell prompt, give the command “ls
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-alF.” If you have a real, honest-to-goodness shell account, you should get
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something like this:
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> ls -alF
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total 87
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drwx--x--x 5 galfina user 1024 Apr 22 21:45 ./
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drwxr-xr-x 380 root wheel 6656 Apr 22 18:15 ../
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-rw-r--r-- 1 galfina user 2793 Apr 22 17:36 .README
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-rw-r--r-- 1 galfina user 635 Apr 22 17:36 .Xmodmap
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-rw-r--r-- 1 galfina user 624 Apr 22 17:36 .Xmodmap.USKBD
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-rw-r--r-- 1 galfina user 808 Apr 22 17:36 .Xresources
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drwx--x--x 2 galfina user 512 Apr 22 17:36 www/
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etc.
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This is the listing of the files and directories of your home directory.
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Your shell account may give you a different set of directories and files
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than this (which is only a partial listing). In any case, if you see
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anything that looks even a little bit like this, congratulations, you
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already have a shell account!
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*******************************************************
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Newbie note: The first item in that bunch of dashes and letters in front of
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the file name tells you what kind of file it is. “d” means it is a
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directory, and “-” means it is a file. The rest are the permissions your
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files have. “r” = read permission, “w” = write permission, and “x” = execute
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permission (no, “execute” has nothing to do with murdering files, it means
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you have permission to run the program that is in this file). If there is a
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dash, it means there is no permission there.
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The symbols in the second, third and fourth place from the left are the
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permissions that you have as a user, the following three are the permissions
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everyone in your designated group has, and the final three are the
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permissions anyone and everyone may have. For example, in galfina’s
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directory the subdirectory “www/” is something you may read, write and
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execute, while everyone else may only execute. This is the directory where
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you can put your Web page. The entire world may browse (“execute”) your Web
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page. But only you can read and write to it.
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If you were to someday discover your permissions looking like:
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drwx--xrwx newbie user 512 Apr 22 17:36 www/
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Whoa, that “r” in the third place from last would mean anyone can hack your
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Web page!
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******************************************************
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Another command that will tell you whether you have a shell account is
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“man.” This gives you an online Unix manual. Usually you have to give the
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man command in the form of “man <command>“ where <command> is the name of
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the Unix command you want to study. For example, if you want to know all
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the different ways to use the “ls” command, type “man ls” at the prompt.
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On the other hand, here is an example of something that, even though it is
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on a Unix system, is not a shell account:
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BSDI BSD/386 1.1 (dub-gw-2.compuserve.com) (ttyp7)
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Connected to CompuServe
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Host Name: cis
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Enter choice (LOGON, HELP, OFF):
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The immediate tip-off that this is not a shell account is that it asks you
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to “logon” instead of “login:”
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How to Get a Shell Account
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What if you are certain that you don’t already have a shell account? How do
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you find an ISP that will give you one?
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The obvious place to start is your phone book. Unless you live in a really
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rural area or in a country where there are few ISPs, there should be a
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number of companies to choose from.
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So here’s your problem. You phone Boring ISP, Inc. and say, “I’d like a
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shell account.” But Joe Dummy on the other end of the phone says, “Shell?
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What’s a shell account?” You say “I want a shell account. SHELL ACCOUNT!!!”
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He says, “Duh?” You say “Shell account. SHELL ACCOUNT!!!” He says, “Um, er,
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let me talk to my supervisor.” Mr. Uptight Supervisor gets on the phone. “We
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don’t give out shell accounts, you dirty &%$*# hacker.”
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Or, worse yet, they claim the Internet access account they are giving you a
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shell account but you discover it isn’t one.
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To avoid this embarrassing scene, avoid calling big name ISPs. I can
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guarantee you, America Online, Compuserve and Microsoft Network don’t give
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out shell accounts.
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What you want to find is the seediest, tiniest ISP in town. The one that
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specializes in pasty-faced customers who stay up all night playing MOOs and
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MUDs. Guys who impersonate grrrls on IRC. Now that is not to say that MUD
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and IRC people are typically hackers. But these definitely are your serious
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Internet addicts. An ISP that caters to people like that probably also
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understands the kind of person who wants to learn Unix inside and out.
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So you phone or email one of these ISPs on the back roads of the Net and
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say, “Greetings, d00d! I am an evil haxor and demand a shell account pronto!”
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No, no, no! Chances are you got the owner of this tiny ISP on the other end
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of the line. He’s probably a hacker himself. Guess what? He loves to hack
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but he doesn’t want hackers (or wannabe hackers) for customers. He doesn’t
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want a customer who’s going to be attracting email bombers and waging hacker
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war and drawing complaints from the sysadmins on whom this deadly dude has
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been testing exploit code.
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So what you do is say something like “Say, do you offer shell accounts? I
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really, really like to browse the Web with lynx. I hate waiting five hours
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for all those pretty pictures and Java applets to load. And I like to do
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email with Pine. For newsgroups, I luuuv tin!”
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Start out like this and the owner of this tiny ISP may say something like,
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“Wow, dude, I know what you mean. IE and Netscape really s***! Lynx uber
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alles! What user name would you like?”
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At this point, ask the owner for a guest account. As you will learn below,
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some shell accounts are so restricted that they are almost worthless.
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But let’s say you can’t find any ISP within reach of a local phone call that
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will give you a shell account. Or the only shell account you can get is
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worthless. Or you are well known as a malicious hacker and you’ve been
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kicked off every ISP in town. What can you do?
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Your best option is to get an account on some distant ISP, perhaps even in
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another country. Also, the few medium size ISPs that offer shell accounts
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(for example, Netcom) may even have a local dialup number for you. But if
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they don’t have local dialups, you can still access a shell account located
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*anywhere* in the world by setting up a PPP connection with your local
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dialup ISP, and then accessing your shell account using a telnet program on
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your home computer.
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*************************************************
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Evil Genius Tip: Sure, you can telnet into your shell account from another
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ISP account. But unless you have software that allows you to send your
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password in an encrypted form, someone may sniff your password and break
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into your account. If you get to be well known in the hacker world, lots of
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other hackers will constantly be making fun of you by sniffing your
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password. Unfortunately, almost all shell accounts are set up so you must
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expose your password to anyone who has hidden a sniffer anywhere between the
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ISP that provides your PPP connection and your shell account ISP.
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One solution is to insist on a shell account provider that runs ssh (secure
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shell).
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**************************************************
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So where can you find these ISPs that will give you shell accounts? One good
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source is http://www.celestin.com/pocia/. It provides links to Internet
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Service Providers categorized by geographic region. They even have links to
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allow you to sign up with ISPs serving the Lesser Antilles!
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***********************************************
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Evil Genius tip: Computer criminals and malicious hackers will often get a
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guest account on a distant ISP and do their dirty work during the few hours
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this guest account is available to them. Since this practice provides the
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opportunity to cause so much harm, eventually it may become really hard to
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get a test run on a guest account.
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***********************************************
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But if you want to find a good shell account the hacker way, here’s what you
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do. Start with a list of your favorite hacker Web sites. For example, let’s
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try http://ra.nilenet.com/~mjl/hacks/codez.htm.
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You take the beginning part of the URL (Universal Resource Locator) as your
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starting point. In this case it is “http://ra.nilenet.com.” Try surfing to
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that URL. In many cases it will be the home page for that ISP. It should
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have instructions for how to sign up for a shell account. In the case of
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Nile Net we strike hacker gold:
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Dial-up Accounts and Pricing
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NEXUS Accounts
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NEXUS Accounts include: Access to a UNIX Shell, full
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Internet access, Usenet newsgroups, 5mb of FTP and/or
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WWW storage space, and unlimited time.
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One Time Activation Fee: $20.00
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Monthly Service Fee: $19.95 or
|
||
Yearly Service Fee: $199.95
|
||
|
||
Plus which they make a big deal over freedom of online speech. And they host
|
||
a great hacker page full of these Guides to (mostly) Harmless Hacking!
|
||
|
||
How to Login to Your Shell Account
|
||
|
||
Now we assume you finally have a guest shell account and are ready to test
|
||
drive it. So now we need to figure out how to login. Now all you hacker
|
||
geniuses reading this, why don’t you just forget to flame me for telling
|
||
people how to do something as simple as how to login. Please remember that
|
||
everyone has a first login. If you have never used Unix, this first time can
|
||
be intimidating. In any case, if you are a Unix genius you have no business
|
||
reading this Beginners’ Guide. So if you are snooping around here looking
|
||
for flamebait, send your flames to /dev/null.
|
||
|
||
***********************************************************
|
||
Newbie note: “Flames” are insulting, obnoxious rantings and ravings done by
|
||
people who are severely lacking in social skills and are a bunch of &$%@#!!
|
||
but who think they are brilliant computer savants. For example, this newbie
|
||
note is my flame against &$%@#!! flamers.
|
||
“/dev/null” stands for “device null.” It is a file name in a Unix operating
|
||
system. Any data that is sent to /dev/null is discarded. So when someone
|
||
says they will put something in “/dev/null” that means they are sending it
|
||
into permanent oblivion.
|
||
***********************************************************
|
||
|
||
The first thing you need to know in order to get into your shell account is
|
||
your user name and password. You need to get that information from the ISP
|
||
that has just signed you up. The second thing you need to remember is that
|
||
Unix is “case sensitive.” That means if your login name is “JoeSchmoe” the
|
||
shell will think “joeschmoe” is a different person than “JoeSchmoe” or
|
||
“JOESCHMOE.”
|
||
|
||
OK, so you have just connected to your shell account for the first time. You
|
||
may see all sorts of different stuff on that first screen. But the one thing
|
||
you will always see is the prompt:
|
||
|
||
login:
|
||
|
||
Here you will type in your user name.
|
||
|
||
In response you will always be asked :
|
||
|
||
Password:
|
||
|
||
Here you type in your password.
|
||
|
||
After this you will get some sort of a prompt. It may be a simple as:
|
||
|
||
%
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
$
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
Or as complicated as:
|
||
|
||
sleepy:~$
|
||
|
||
Or it may even be some sort of complicated menu where you have to choose a
|
||
“shell” option before you get to the shell prompt.
|
||
|
||
Or it may be a simple as:
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
|
||
**********************************************************
|
||
Newbie note: The prompt “#” usually means you have the superuser powers of
|
||
a “root” account. The Unix superuser has the power to do *anything* to the
|
||
computer. But you won’t see this prompt unless either the systems
|
||
administrator has been really careless -- or someone is playing a joke on
|
||
you. Sometimes a hacker thinks he or she has broken into the superuser
|
||
account because of seeing the “#” prompt. But sometimes this is just a trick
|
||
the sysadmin is playing. So the hacker goes playing around in what he or she
|
||
thinks is the root account while the sysadmin and his friends and the police
|
||
are all laughing at the hacker.
|
||
**********************************************************
|
||
|
||
Ready to star |