163 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
163 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
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****************************************
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Hacking ARPANET -- Part I
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by
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The SOURCE
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of
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-=>*The Listening Post*<=-
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408-923-7575
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***************************************
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INTRODUCTION
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------------
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ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was funded by the Department
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of Defense (DOD) in 1969 as an experiment in sharing the resources of many
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different types of computers. Earlier DOD systems (AUTODIN,for example), relied
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on linking computers that were the same make, using the same operating systems.
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Work on ARPANET was performed under contract by many organizations, including
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educational institutions, and today it is universities who are the primary
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network users.
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Once logged onto ARPANET a user may conference with, or use the program
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resources and available data files of any other computer that is on the system.
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Hundreds of computers are available over ARPANET including computers at non-
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university research centers like Rand Corporation, SRI and other military-
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industrial think tanks.
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Until late 1983 and early 1984, military computers were also a major
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ARPANET resource. With the threat from young computer "hackers", however, the
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military computers have moved to their own ARPANET-like network called MILNET.
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The two networks are now part of what is known as the "DDN" or Defense Data
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Network. ARPANET nodes may be used to dial-up MILNET nodes as long as the
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caller can enter the proper authorization code and password once connected to
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the MILNET node. MILNET users can, likewise, use ARPANET resources.
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ARPANET is also used as a resource for students as well as computer
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scientists and engineering specialists. Because of the variety of users, the
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system tends to be very talkative about itself and very helpful. Periodically,
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however, certain ARPANET nodes decrease the amount of help that they provide
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online.
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Despite the fact that dozens of different types of computers are interfaced
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in ARPANET, it is a simple system to use because all nodes (called TIP's), use
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fundamentally the same operating systems on either DEC (Digital Equipment
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Corporation) models 20 or 10 mainframes. The operating system is called the
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"EXEC" and is called the TOPS-20 Monitor (on the DEC 20).
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Access numbers for local ARPANET nodes can be found from users of certain
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bulletin boards, by calling the system manager, or by asking someone who attends
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a major university.
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GETTING ON
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----------
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Once connected to the system, hit <CR> once for 300 baud or twice if you
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are using 1200 baud. The EXEC then recognizes you and displays a welcome
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message as below:
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WELCOME TO ARPANET
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**FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY**
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Call the NIC at 1-800-235-3155 for TAC user problems.
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Type @n for news.
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SU TAC 110 #:13
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At this point there are only two commands that the Exec will recognize:
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@N for news, and @O for onto the host sysem. Start by checking out the news.
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The node you have reached may be willing to be very helpful and informative.
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NEWS FROM THE EXECUTIVE
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-----------------------
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A sample executive session follows below:
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@N <user entry>
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TCP Trying...Open
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SRI-NIC, TOPS-20 Monitor 5.3(5731)-1
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* For TACNEWS, enter: tacnews<RETURN>
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* To find the host administrator for host xy-z, enter: whois xy-z<RETURN>
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* Report system problems to Action@SRI-NIC or call (415) 859-5921
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There are 7+12 jobs with load average 1.13
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@TACNEWS <exec provides @ prompt, user replies "tacnews">
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SRI-NIC TACnews 1.3(15)-2 on Sunday, 23-Sep-84 11:13pm-PDT
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Send bugs or comments to TACNEWS@SRI-NIC.ARPA
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1. Announcements (updated 14-Sep-84)
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* 2. Dial-Ups (MILNET TAC telephone numbers, updated 17-Sep-84)
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* 3. Login (Help with TAC login, updated 24-Aug-84)
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4. Newsletters (DDN News, updated 24-Jan-84)
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5. Bulletins (DDN Management bulletins, updated 17-Sep-84)
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Type a menu number ('HELP<CR>' for more info): HELP
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The NetNews program lets you access sets of news files at the DDN Network
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Information Center (NIC). So far, you have entered the program and seen a menu
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of available sets and documents. Documents are marked in the menu with a '*'
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in the first column. To view a doument, or browse through a set, type its menu
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number followed by carriage return, <CR>. If you choose a set, you will then be
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shown a summary of the most recent issues, and by typing its menu number may
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read the item. Type 'TOP<CR>' at any time to get back to the first menu.
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useful commands are:
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? To see a list of commands
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^O (control-o) To stop the typeout of an issue
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HELP To get more information
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TOP To return to the beginning menu
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QUIT To exit
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Terminate all commands, except '?', with a carriage return, <CR>.
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<monitor then returns to the menu and we type QUIT so we can learn what else is
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available to someone who has not logged in.>
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Killed Job 34, User TACNEWS, Account QUERY, TTY 110, at 23-Sep-84 23:15:47
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Used 0:00:01 in 0:01:53
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Host closing connection
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Closed
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GETTING HELP
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------------
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<Each function is treated as an unique job. The HELP command is part of the
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QUERY program. A log report is made when the user QUITs. The user must then
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begin all over again with the @N prompt, read the herald again, and then proceed
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to other options when the system responds with its own @ prompt. We skip these
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redundancies in this example.>
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@HELP <user enters HELP>
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To see a list of your options for commands or arguments, try typing question
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mark. Typing "?" to the "@" prompt gives you a list of the commands the Exec
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understands. Typing "?" after one of these commands tells you what you can type
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next. For example,
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@HELP ?
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will show you a list of some of the more important topics for which Help is
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available. The question mark invokes a help message without affecting what
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you've typed so far; you can go on typing the command just as if you hadn't
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typed "?". Also, the question mark is read immediately; you don't have to type
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RETURN.
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If you make a mistake while typing a command, use BACKSPACE to delete the last
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character you typed. Ctrl/W will delete your last Word, and Ctrl/U will delete
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your entire command line, allowing you to start again. If you feel hopelessly
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lost, typing Ctrl/C twice will return you to the Exec "@".
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@HELP ? RETURN for general help
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or * to see all topics
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or the name of an EXEC command
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or one of the following:
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ATTACH BLANK BREAK DAYTIME ECHO
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FINGER HELP INFORMATION KK LOGIN
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LOGOUT NIC SET SYSTAT TACNEWS
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TERMINAL UNATTACH WHOIS
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<above is a list of the help files available at this particular session. At
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other times either more or fewer files are available.>
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