544 lines
25 KiB
Plaintext
544 lines
25 KiB
Plaintext
The Rules for Korean Chess
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by Roleigh Martin
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Copyright 1995
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All Rights Reserved
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2-16-95
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INTRO: TO THE READER
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My wife is Chinese and after playing Chinese Chess and falling in
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love with the game, I learned about Korean Chess which is
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virtually identical in board and piece lay-out but different in
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move-rules. There is very little English literature on Korean
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Chess--I've found 2 chapters in English on the game. If anyone
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reading this can verify--or correct me if not--if I have the
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complete rules to Korean Chess. Please reply if I have made any
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mistakes or if you know that my rules are correct and complete.
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I also wish to find out if there is any other software: public
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domain, freeware, shareware, or commercial ware on Korean Chess
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for MS-DOS computers. I know about JANGKI.ZIP. Can you please
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inform me of any such software and how I may obtain it (BBS phone
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numbers, FTP site names/directory/filename, or ordering address)?
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Thanks!
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Last, is there any internet mailing list groups on Korean Chess?
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Is there any English language books or magazines on Korean Chess?
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Thanks again!
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DISTRIBUTION POLICY
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This document is copyrighted. It can be distributed
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electronically for non-commercial use as long as nothing is
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altered in this document. I am working on a book on Chinese and
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Korean Chess and intend to build upon this document for the
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chapter on Korean Chess.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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Thanks to Young Won, Compuserve ID 75541,2100 for his FLEFO forum
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message who confirmed this document with his message "It has been
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10 years since I have played my last Korean Chess game. I
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briefly read the rules you posted (not line-by-line, though), and
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they seem to be in line with what I remember." In addition, he
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provided the Korean names and meanings of each piece which I've
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incorporated in this updated version of this document.
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Thanks to J. Kim of HANAnet Operating Center (KTRC) (Internet
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address: jskim1@soback.hana.nm.kr) who pointed me to a public
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domain Korean Chess game, JANGKI.ZIP (Jang-gi V1.0, 1991.1.26) by
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Hak Jong Lee of Daejon, Korea, from kids.kotel.co.kr. There is a
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tiny README file but no copyright or distribution restrictions
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documented with the ZIP file--hence by inference it is in the
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public domain. (My FTP program could not access this using this
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hostname, but J. Kim informed me correctly of it's IP address:
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128.134.2.51.) This file is in the directory, /pub/games. I got
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this feedback via the USENET group, soc.culture.korean.
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JANGKI is a great DOS-based Korean Chess game. It supports CGA
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through VGA and works on a HP100/200 palmtop (but not under HP's
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System Manager; one must terminate that program and at the DOS
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level, play the game). To run the program, at the DOS prompt,
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move to the directory where you have installed these files and
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type: JT and press ENTER.
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This program (JT.EXE) is quite nice as it allows human to play
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human or against the computer.
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BACKGROUND COMMENTARY & RESOURCE
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Korean Chess can be played with a Chinese Chess Set -- same
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pieces and board -- but different rules. Actually quite fun!
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Very few Chinese people know this game -- if you find yourself
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loosing to Chinese friends in Chinese Chess, play them a game of
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Korean Chess -- you might win!
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The below resource is still in print and has an entire chapter on
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Korean Chess -- with rules, commentary and a sample game, on
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Korean Chess.
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The shipping and handling fee is $3.00. Send check for $12.95
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(if you live in the USA) and order to Mail Order Department,
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Dover Publications, 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014.
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TITLE: Korean Games: With Notes on the Corresponding
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Games of China & Japan
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AUTHOR: Culin, Stewart
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SERIES: Puzzles Ser.
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PUBLISHER: Dover PUBLICATION DATE: 02/1991 (910201)
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EDITION: Repr. of 1895 ed. NO. OF PAGES: 256p.
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LCCN: N/A
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BINDING: pap. - $9.95
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ISBN: 0-486-26593-5
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VOLUME(S): N/A
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ORDER NO.: N/A
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IMPRINT: N/A
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STATUS IN FILE: New (91-04)
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NOTE(S): Illustrated
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SUBFILE: PB (Paperbound Books in Print)
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The below resource is out of print and also has an entire chapter
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on Korean Chess -- with rules, commentary and a sample game, on
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Korean Chess.
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TITLE: Chess Variations: Ancient, Regional & Modern
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AUTHOR: Gollon, John E.
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PUBLISHER: C E Tuttle PUBLICATION DATE: 1973 (730101)
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BINDING: pap. - $6.25
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ISBN: 0-8048-1122-9
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STATUS: Out of print (11-90)
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Your library should be able to get the above through interlibrary
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loan. Also, I have been suggested to try (but did not, as the
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library succeeded): Howard Frisch, New and Antiguarian Books, Box
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128, Village Station, New York City, NY 10014. The library
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actually got me the hard cover book, which was published in 1968.
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Instead of an ISBN number, it had only a Library of Congress
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Catalog Card Number, No. 68-11975.
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NAMING CONVENTION
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Korean Chess derives, historically, from Chinese Chess. Since
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the pieces in Chinese Chess have been given official English
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names by the international Chinese Chess Association, I will use
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the same English names for the Korean Chess pieces.
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BOARD LAYOUT
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The pieces are placed on the board gridlines not inside the
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squares as in Western Chess. The board has 9 columns (also
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called files or aisles) and 10 rows. The 9 columns are labeled
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A-I. The 10 rows are labeled 0-9.
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Left to right on the rear row, the pieces are called:
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Rook, Knight, Bishop, Guard, [empty], Guard, Bishop, Knight, Rook
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(r) (n) (b) (g) (g) (b) (n) (r)
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Note: the Knight and Bishop can, as a setup option (not a move),
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be transposed on either or both sides or neither side. (The game
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JANGKI calls this a Pozin change and the default setup shown is
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to have the bottom side's righthand Bishop and Knight transposed
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and the top side's lefthand Bishop and Knight transposed.)
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The second row only initially holds the king, abbreviated as (k),
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in the center of the row.
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The third row only initially holds the two cannons, abbreviated
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as (c), each cannon being in the 2nd column from the edge.
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The fourth row only initially holds the five pawns, abbreviated
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as (p), starting with a pawn on each edge column and then every
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OTHER column.
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The initial board looks like the below (remember the knight and
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bishop can be transposed as a setup option). If you transpose
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the knight and bishop to just one side of the lineup, then the
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four pieces (your 2 knights and 2 bishops) can theoretically hit
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every spot on the board (not each piece but together the 4 pieces
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can "hit" every spot on the board granted enough moves are made).
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This setup transposition option doesn't count as a move.
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In real life, the colors of the two pieces are either Black and
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Red, Green and Red, or Blue and Red.
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(FIG 1: Knight and Bishop are not transposed.)
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9 [r][n][b][g]-+-[g][b][n][r]
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. | | | | \|/ | | | |
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8 +--+--+--+-[k]-+--+--+--+ Note: the pieces are put
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. | | | | /|\ | | | | down on the gridpoints of
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7 +-[c]-+--+--+--+--+-[c]-+ board -- not inside the
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. | | | | | | | | | squares as in Western Chess.
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6 [p]-+-[p]-+-[p]-+-[p]-+-[p]
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. | | | | | | | | |
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5 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
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. | | | | | | | | |
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4 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
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. | | | | | | | | |
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3 (P)-+-(P)-+-(P)-+-(P)-+-(P)
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. | | | | | | | | |
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2 +-(C)-+--+--+--+--+-(C)-+
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. | | | | \|/ | | | |
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1 +--+--+--+-[K]-+--+--+--+
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. | | | | /|\ | | | |
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0 (R)(N)(B)(G)-+-(G)(B)(N)(R)
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. A B C D E F G H I
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(FIG 2: One Knight and Bishop are transposed -- this is the
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default setup shown in the JANGKI software version of Korean
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Chess; one is allowed to change this setup, but this is the
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default setup.)
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9 [r][n][b][g]-+-[g][n][b][r]
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. | | | | \|/ | | | |
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8 +--+--+--+-[k]-+--+--+--+
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. | | | | /|\ | | | |
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7 +-[c]-+--+--+--+--+-[c]-+
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. | | | | | | | | |
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6 [p]-+-[p]-+-[p]-+-[p]-+-[p]
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. | | | | | | | | |
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5 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ Note:
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. | | | | | | | | | <-This row is the "river"
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4 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ in Chinese Chess and on
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. | | | | | | | | | a Chinese Chess board,
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3 (P)-+-(P)-+-(P)-+-(P)-+-(P) the middle 7 vertical
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. | | | | | | | | | lines of this single row
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2 +-(C)-+--+--+--+--+-(C)-+ are not painted on a
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. | | | | \|/ | | | | Chinese Chess board.
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1 +--+--+--+-[K]-+--+--+--+
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. | | | | /|\ | | | |
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0 (R)(N)(B)(G)-+-(G)(N)(B)(R)
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. A B C D E F G H I
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I do not know the answer to the inevitable question: "If your
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opponent transposes the knight and bishop on his left side, do
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you normally transpose your bishop and knight on your right side
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or left side? (I know it is legal to do either, neither or both;
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but I am asking this from a sound strategy basis.)" I assume one
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would transpose on the same aisle as the opponent, as that is how
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the software program, JANGKI defaults to doing--even though the
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user has the choice to do otherwise.
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On the board are two fortresses (also called castles) which is a
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3x3 grid in the center of the 1st 3 rows of both sides, in which
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the king and his two guards must remain--they can not leave the
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fortress--however, as will be explained below, the king can
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perform a check against the other king from within the fortress.
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Inside the fortress, there are diagonal lines that form a big "X"
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inside the fortress.
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On a Chinese Chess Board, there is a river that "exists" in the
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middle row of the board; it does not exist in Korean Chess. If
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one plays Korean Chess with a Chinese Chess board, one ignores
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the "river" of the Chinese Chess board. In both Korean and
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Chinese Chess, one has to move a full step to move across the
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center row, regardless of whether it's called a "river" or not
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(as in Korean Chess). Bottom line: in Korean Chess and Chinese
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Chess, there are 10 rows. In Chinese Chess, moving from the 5th
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to the 6th row is "moving across the river" where the pawns gain
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the power to move one step sideways--and where the Bishops can
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not move across. In Korean Chess, the pawns can move sideways
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one step immediately and the Bishops can move anywhere on the
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board that is legal for a given move.
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Actually, the real Korean Chess set uses 8-sided pieces not round
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pieces as in Chinese Chess. Also not all the pieces are the same
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diameter as they are in Chinese Chess. The red pieces are 100%
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identical but the blue have four pieces that use brush/script
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style Chinese calligraphy and the pieces are difficult to
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translate -- I had to ask a Korean shopper in the Korean Grocery
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store that I found the set at to identify the blue pieces. (My
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Chinese Chess friends recognize these four different charactered
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Blue pieces.) The board doesn't have a blank (no vertical lines)
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river across the middle of the board as in Chinese Chess --
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that's because there is no promotion or barrier concept in Korean
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Chess as there is in Chinese Chess. Again, you can play Korean
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and/or Chinese Chess with either country's pieces/board. One
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thing nice, the Korean Grocery store had the pieces for only $4
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and a nice wooden board for only $10.
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Each piece is inscribed with a corresponding Chinese character.
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However, on the King pieces, "Han" is inscribed on the red team,
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and "Cho" is described on the blue (or green) team. Han and Cho
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are names of two dynasties (or kingdoms) that were at war with
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each other. (Note: "Han" and "Cho" is not what you call the
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individual King pieces -- these names refer to the "team names"
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--the actual King piece names are shown below.)
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I do not know the OFFICIAL conventional English spellings of the
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Korean names for these pieces. Below I redescribe these pieces
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per their Chinese names as well as the Korean spellings I've been
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given by one Korean Chess player who has not played in 10 years
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(see Acknowledgement section above).
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QUESTION TO ANY EXPERIENCED KOREAN CHESS PLAYER:
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Can anyone in this group provide me with confirmation or
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correction of the below Korean names as they are spelled out in
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English? Thanks! In particular, are the Korean names for the
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Red and Blue King correct or should they be transposed (if so,
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the Korean Jang would be very close to the Pinyin Jiang).
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CANTO-
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COORDINATES COLOR ENGLISH PINYIN NESE KOREAN
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A0,I0,A9,I9 both Rook Ju Kui Cha or Tcha
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B0,H0,B9,H9 both Knight Ma Ma Ma
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C0,G0 Red Bishop Xiang Sheung Sang or Syang
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C9,G9 Blue Bishop Xiang Cheung Sang or Syang
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D0,F0,D9,F9 both Guard Shi See Sa
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E1 Red King Shuai Sui Jang*
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E8 Blue King Jiang Cheung Wang*
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B2,H2,B7,H7 both Cannon Pao Pow Po or Hpo
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A3,C3,E3,G3,I3 Red Pawn Bing Ping Byung or Pyeng**
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A6,C6,E6,G6,I6 Blue Pawn Zu Tsut Jol or Tjol**
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Note: the Korean names first spelled out are those obtained from
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Korean Chess player whom I've corresponded with on Compuserve,
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Young Won. The two chapters on Korean Chess, cited above,
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provide the "or..." variation. For the King (*), they provide
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two alternate names, neither depicting color specific names.
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Koung or Tyang is what John Gollon provides; Tjyang or Koung is
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what Stewart Culin provides. The Koung, Culin, explains is the
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generic term for both--as it is similarly pronounced in Chinese
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Chess by the Cantonese--meaning "general." For the Pawn (**),
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Culin provides the Pyeng to be the Red, and Tjol to be the Blue.
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Gollon provides the same two spellings but does not tie them to a
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color.
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Sometimes you'll hear Chinese Chess players translate the chess
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pieces to different English names -- the ones above are the
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"official" English names -- the ones below are others you might
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hear and they are presented here for you to maintain
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understanding in real life play:
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OFFICIAL
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ENGLISH ALTERNATE ENGLISH NAMES GIVEN THESE PIECES
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Rook Car Chariot Tank
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Knight Horse
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Bishop Prime Minister Elephant Minister
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Guard Counsellor Advisor
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King General Emperor
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Cannon Catapult
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Pawn Soldier Foot Soldier
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TRANSLATION TIDBITS
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The Arabic name for "Chariot" is pronounced "Rook." The Chinese
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symbol for Chariot is now used for the symbol for a car.
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In the traditional Chinese Character for the Knight, the "Ma" --
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which means "horse, you'll note the four depicted legs in the red
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character (the pieces in real life are like Checkers but with the
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Chinese character written on top of the piece) -- these are the
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horse's legs.
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The historical reason the pieces are depicted differently for
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both sides (although modern sets use the same depiction for the
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Rook, Knight and sometimes the Cannon), is that players could
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tell whose piece was whose even if the colors wore out. For
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instance, Red has as it's bishop the Chinese Character for Prime
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Minister, while Blue (or Green or Black) has as it's bishop the
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Chinese Character for Elephant. They both have identical powers
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however.
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THE OBJECT OF THE GAME
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The object of the game is identical to Western and Chinese Chess:
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to checkmate the enemy king--that is, to place the enemy king in
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a position of entrapment from which it can not save itself. A
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stalemate is possible where neither side recognizes that neither
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side can win by checkmate.
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THE PIECE MOVEMENT RULES
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1. The rook moves identical to the Western Chess and Chinese
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Chess rook, with one exception:
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a. for movement, it can move as far horizontally or
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vertically as it has clear passage to move. The movement
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for one move must be that of one single straight line.
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b. in addition, for movement, the rook can move as far down
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a fortress single diagonal line as long as there is clear
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passage and the movement remains that of a single
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straight line (this means the starting position has to be
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in one of the corners or the center of the fortress).
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c. for capture, the rook during it's normal movement, can
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take any enemy piece that it first bumps into (there must
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not be any intervening same-side piece).
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2. The knight ends up moving identically to the western knight,
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and it moves identical to the Chinese Chess knight. The
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knight however must make its move by first moving one step
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vertically or horizontally and then one outward diagonal step
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and in this movement, there must be clear passage. Thus, the
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initial two places that the knight at B0 can move to are A2
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or C2. It can not initially move to D1 because the Bishop at
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C0 is in the way.
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3. The bishop, unlike its Chinese Chess "cousin", is like a
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giant knight. It moves 3 positions away from itself: first
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by going one step horizontally or vertically and then TWO
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outward diagonal steps and there must be clear passage. Thus
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in Figure 2 above, the Bishop at C0 can not move as it is
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blocked, but it does protect the center Pawn. The Bishop at
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H0 can move to F3.
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As mentioned above, unlike Chinese Chess, the Bishop is not
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only a defensive piece, it can move onto the enemy's side of
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the board and be an offensive piece (as is true for both
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Chinese and Korean Chess for all other pieces but the King
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and Guards).
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(For the curious, the Chinese Chess Bishop is a defensive
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piece, and can only move two diagonal places at a time (not
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any more nor less; and the passage must be clear) and the
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Chinese Chess Bishop can not cross the "river"--it must stay
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within the 1st 4 rows of it's home side.)
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4. The Guard and King move identical to each other. They are
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both limited to the center 3x3 fortress that resides in the
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1st 3 rows of one's home side. Each piece can only move 1
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step down any painted straight line whether or not the line
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is a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal line. This is
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different than Chinese Chess wherein the Guard can only move
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diagonally and the King can only move horizontally or
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vertically.
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5. The cannon, with several restrictions named below, moves and
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captures by making one jump during a single straight line
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move. The straight line move can be down a single vertical
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line, a single horizontal line, or a single diagonal line in
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either fortress (provided the cannon's starting position is
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on a fortress border gridpoint).
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Note: a fortress canon diagonal move can't start from the
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dead center of the fortress but a canon can land in the
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fortress dead center from a normal vertical or horizontal
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move or jump. But once inside the center of the fortress, the
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canon can make a move or jump away by going horizontally or
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vertically.
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The canon, when it moves, has to jump over a single non-canon
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piece, regardless whether the jumped-over piece belongs to
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his side or the enemy side. When making a move (not a
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capture), the canon can land on any empty gridpoint that
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exists on the other side of the jumped-over piece. That
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landed-onto (previously) empty gridpoint can be immediately
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on the other side of the jumped-over piece or several
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gridpoints beyond that jumped-over piece.
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The canon, when it captures, has to jump as in a normal move,
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but instead of landing onto an empty gridpoint, it has to
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land onto an enemy piece that it encounters in, what would
|
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otherwise be a normal jump-type-move. The jumped-over piece
|
|
is not captured--it is that second piece encountered in the
|
|
jump that is captured. Remember, the 1st piece can be of
|
|
either color; the 2nd piece--that is jumped-onto (not over)
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|
has to be that of the enemy.
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|
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The cannon can't jump over a cannon (either color).
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The cannon can't capture a cannon.
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|
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The cannon can not make the first move in a game (unlike
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|
Chinese Chess).
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|
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Note: the Korean canon is very different than the Chinese
|
|
Chess canon wherein the Chinese Chess canon moves like a rook
|
|
but jumps like a Korean Chess canon (but unlike the Korean
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|
canon, the Chinese Chess canon can jump over or jump onto
|
|
another canon).
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6. The pawn moves the same way it captures: it can move either
|
|
one step forward or one step sideways. It can never move
|
|
backward. It can move forward down a diagonal line in the
|
|
enemy's fortress. If during that one step move, it moves onto
|
|
an enemy's occupied, position, it is a capture of that enemy
|
|
piece.
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|
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If the pawn makes it to the last row, it can only move
|
|
sideways then.
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|
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For the curious, the Chinese Chess pawn is different; it
|
|
can't move sideways until after getting to it's 6th row
|
|
(called after crossing the river) and it can't move down the
|
|
diagonal line in the enemy's fortress.
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|
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7. Special end game notes:
|
|
|
|
a. Neither side ordinarily want to allow the two kings to
|
|
face each other naked (in Chinese Chess but not Korean
|
|
Chess, the side that causes this to happens loses the
|
|
game). Facing each other "naked," means that there are
|
|
no intervening chess pieces.
|
|
|
|
If you cause this to happen in Korean Chess, you are
|
|
placing the other King in check in a desparate last-
|
|
chance move on your part for you irreversably foresake
|
|
the right to checkmate the other side--you are hoping for
|
|
a stalemate, which would be the case if the other side
|
|
can not get out of that desparate check.
|
|
|
|
This is the case even if the game continues for many
|
|
moves and even if otherwise the game could have gone into
|
|
a good checkmate, the side that initially caused the two
|
|
kings to be naked can at best only obtain a stalemate.
|
|
|
|
I call this (I do not claim originality though) the
|
|
"Kings Naked Rule."
|
|
|
|
b. Gollon adds the rule (page 159, hardbound edition) that
|
|
"If in mating, the mating piece is defended by only the
|
|
allied 'king'--i.e., if the piece is on an open file
|
|
occupied by its 'king' and therefore cannot be captured
|
|
by the checked king because of the above rules, the game
|
|
is only drawn."
|
|
|
|
This is the different in Chinese Chess; for there one
|
|
frequently will use one's King to protect a piece who is
|
|
making check and who otherwise would be captured by the
|
|
King being checked--in Chinese Chess, that is considered
|
|
successful checkmate--it is a win, not a draw.
|
|
|
|
c. Unlike Chinese Chess, if you have no other move to make,
|
|
except to put your King in check or checkmate, you can
|
|
"pass." In other words, your King can stand still, if it
|
|
stays in safety and there are no other pieces it can move
|
|
at all (regardless if those other pieces would be
|
|
captured or not) and if it would otherwise (if a move had
|
|
to be made) cause the king to move into check or
|
|
checkmate. Gollon states that one declares his pass by
|
|
turning his King over, upside down, on the same spot.
|
|
|
|
8. As a reminder, the pawn, cannon, and rook get to treat the
|
|
diagonal lines in either fortress (except the pawn can only
|
|
get to the enemy fortress) as ordinary straight lines that
|
|
they can move on -- except the pawn can only move to the side
|
|
or forward -- but the pawn can move forward to the rear line
|
|
down the diagonal.
|
|
|
|
9. Unlike Chinese Chess, the double cannon lineup against a king
|
|
poses no immediate threat -- the rear cannon can't jump over
|
|
the front cannon, remember. (In Chinese Chess, if the
|
|
farthest away canon from the enemy king is safe and if no
|
|
opponent's piece can intervene between the two canons, the
|
|
game is over if the King is unable to move sideways, which
|
|
can often be the case.)
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|
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[End of Document]
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