1388 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
1388 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
Natural Highs Faq
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
This is posted by me for HEX who doesnt have a hard disk. All
|
|
questions/comments to him please. From alt.drugs , internet
|
|
newsgroup.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATURAL HIGHS FAQ
|
|
|
|
Authors: Vince Cavasin (cavasin@convex.com), Paul A. Houle
|
|
(pahsnsr@jupiter.nmt.edu), Adam Boggs (boggs@alumni.cs.Colorado.edu),
|
|
Petrus Pennanen (ppennane@klaava.Helsinki.FI)
|
|
Editors: krawchuk@cpsc.ucalgary.ca, tom@genie.slhs.udel.edu,
|
|
eric@beastie.colby.edu
|
|
Last Update: 2/6/92
|
|
Subject: Natural Highs faq (short version)
|
|
|
|
DISCLAIMER
|
|
|
|
The information presented herein is for ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES ONLY and can
|
|
be found in ethnobotanical literature. Most (if not all) of the substances
|
|
listed in this faq are illegal to ingest and/or possess. The authors and
|
|
editors assume no responsibility should the information presented here be
|
|
used, misused, misunderstood, inaccurate or even read. Reading this faq
|
|
constitutes an agreement to these terms. If you are afraid you might be
|
|
tempted to use any of the substances mentioned here in illegal ways when
|
|
presented with the knowledge to do so, STOP READING NOW.
|
|
|
|
Many of the botanicals listed here are highly toxic and deadly. Always
|
|
keep them away from children.
|
|
|
|
This faq may be reproduced verbatim, in whole or in part, by any means, and
|
|
distributed freely by whatever means available, provided no charge is made for
|
|
the copy and this disclaimer is included.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INTRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
The following information was taken without permission from the book _Legal
|
|
Highs_ by Adam Gottlieb, 1973, Twentieth Century Alchemist, from _The
|
|
Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens_ by Schultes & Hofmann, 2nd Ed. 1980,
|
|
from _The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms_ by Gary H.
|
|
Lincoff and Carol Nehring, 1981, Random House, from _Narcotic Plants: Revised
|
|
and Enlarged_ by William Emboden, 1979, MacMillan Publishing, from various
|
|
mail-order greenhouse literature, from personal experiences of many people
|
|
(friends of friends, and fictional characters that exist only in the authors'
|
|
and editors' imaginations) and (mostly) from alt.drugs. Some sections contain
|
|
a "References" section if the author of that section felt like going to the
|
|
trouble; some mention references on the fly in the text, and some are just
|
|
unreferenced. Some personal correspondance is included too; in this case if I
|
|
could get the author's consent I included his name/email address; if I could
|
|
not track down the author, I included the mail anonymously. If the author of a
|
|
particular piece of mail doesn't want it included, I won't include it
|
|
(although I may paraphrase it without attribution). Send mail to
|
|
cavasin@convex.com if you recognize something in here as your own and want it
|
|
removed, or want to correct or add an attribution.
|
|
|
|
I left minimal header information in the stuff that was pulled from the net
|
|
to give credit where due and to provide follow-up paths (do so at your own
|
|
risk). I didn't have the time (let alone motivation) to mail everyone whose
|
|
comments are included here to see if it was alright to include them, but if
|
|
the info was posted to the net once, I can't see a problem with putting it in
|
|
a faq. A later version might have more eloquent and concise attributions.
|
|
|
|
Much of the net stuff was edited extensively in that irrelevant info was
|
|
deleted from specific posts; however, the context and spirit of the remaining
|
|
information was preserved.
|
|
|
|
The substances listed here are arranged in a fairly straightforward format.
|
|
If a certain section is missing from a certain substance, it means that I had
|
|
no information to put in that section or it didn't apply. The substances are
|
|
ordered alphebetically, sorted according to Botanical Family name, then
|
|
Genus name, then (if necessary) Species name. This was a completely fascist
|
|
decision on my part, and I did it only because it was the easiest ordering to
|
|
maintain. Note that the name given in the heading is a common name and has
|
|
NOTHING to do with the way the list is ordered.
|
|
|
|
At the moment I haven't got time to organize this stuff anymore than it
|
|
already is (and that's not much). Hopefully in the future I will find time to
|
|
organize and index it, and to expand it to include dozens of other natural
|
|
highs. Until then, this mess will have to do.
|
|
|
|
Spelling errors are numerous and rampant, and I take no responsibility for
|
|
any of them even tho many of them are undoubtedly mine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A WORD ABOUT MAO INHIBITORS
|
|
|
|
Some of the substances described here are MAO inhibitors; this information is
|
|
provided under the "Interaction precautions" section for the substance in
|
|
question.
|
|
|
|
MAO stands for MonoAmine Oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down certain amines
|
|
and renders them ineffective. MAO inhibitors, then, are substances that
|
|
interfere with the action of monoamine oxidase, leaving the amines intact.
|
|
If the amines in question are dangerous, they can cause nasty--even
|
|
deadly--side effects.
|
|
|
|
The bottom line is this: when using an MAO inhibiting drug, don't ingest
|
|
anything that contains potentially dangerous amines. If a substance is listed
|
|
as an MAO inhibitor here, it may be dangerous when used in combination with
|
|
any of the following substances:
|
|
|
|
- sedatives
|
|
- tranquilizers
|
|
- antihistamines
|
|
- narcotics
|
|
- alcohol
|
|
- amphetamines (even diet pills)
|
|
- mescaline
|
|
- asarone
|
|
- nutmeg
|
|
- macromerine
|
|
- ephedrine
|
|
- dill oil
|
|
- parsley oil
|
|
- wild fennel oil
|
|
- cocoa
|
|
- coffee (or any substance that contains large amounts of caffeine)
|
|
- aged cheeses
|
|
- any tyrosine-containing food
|
|
|
|
THIS LIST IS BY NO MEANS COMPLETE OR ALL-INCLUSIVE. COMBINE DRUGS
|
|
AT YOUR OWN
|
|
RISK.
|
|
|
|
=====================================================================
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOMS
|
|
|
|
Family: Agaricaceae
|
|
Genus: Psilocybe
|
|
Species: baeocystis (Potent Psilocybe)
|
|
caerulipes (Blue Foot Psilocybe)
|
|
coprophila (Dung-loving Psilocybe)
|
|
cubensis (Common Large Psilocybe)
|
|
cyanescens (Bluing Psilocybe)
|
|
pelliculosa (Conifer Psilocybe)
|
|
semilanceata (Liberty Cap)
|
|
stunzii (Stunz's Blue Legs)
|
|
|
|
Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric), Conocybe smithii (Bog Conocybe) and Gymopilus
|
|
spectabilis (Big Laughing Gym) are among the other mushroom species known to
|
|
be hallucinogenic. However, Fly Agarics are classified as poisonous, and,
|
|
according to _The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms_,
|
|
the Fly Agarics that grow in North America cause "dilerium, raving, and
|
|
profuse sweating", unlike their hallucinogenic Siberian counterparts.
|
|
(Perhaps WOSD propaganda, I realize, but worth considering, at least for those of
|
|
you who don't normally rave...)
|
|
|
|
WARNING: mushrooms should NEVER be ingested unless positively identified to be
|
|
non-poisonous by a mycologist. Often the only differences between highly
|
|
toxic mushrooms and edible mushrooms are extremely subtle and require a great
|
|
deal of training to distinguish. Also, several hallucinogenic varieties have
|
|
|
|
been shown to be toxic to humans in medium to large doses.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Like most natural plant products, psychedelic mushrooms vary
|
|
considerably in strength due to genetics, growth medium, and
|
|
other factors. An effective dose of dried psychedelic mushrooms is on the
|
|
|
|
order of 1 gram. This would be on the order of one or two whole mushrooms
|
|
(best bet is to weigh them and make sure). Because strength varies widely,
|
|
you should ask other people who have had mushrooms from the same source about
|
|
the relative strength. For mushrooms from an unknown source, .5 grams of
|
|
dried mushrooms is probably a decent place to start.
|
|
|
|
'Shrooms are best taken on an empty stomach. Carlos Castenada
|
|
describes the effects of a mushroom-based preparation when smoked, and
|
|
anyone who has taken 'Shrooms would agree that the effects that he
|
|
describes are much more intense than the effects of reasonable dosages
|
|
taken orally. Although many people think that Carlos made the whole
|
|
thing up, it is possible that mushrooms are smokable and that smoked
|
|
mushrooms might produce a different experience than ingested, because
|
|
'Shrooms contain many compounds known as tryptamines (as in dimethyl-
|
|
tryptamine (DMT)) which are also psychoactive when smoked but not
|
|
active orally. Other than Carlos, I've never heard of anyone else
|
|
smoking mushrooms or mushroom products, so I can't vouch for the
|
|
effects.
|
|
|
|
If you don't like the taste of 'Shrooms, it is also possible
|
|
to consume a tea made by boiling mushroom fragments in water. The idea
|
|
here is to sprinkle dried mushroom fragments on water and boil them until
|
|
they sink, and then filter out the actual 'Shrooms and enjoy the tea.
|
|
|
|
Effects: The effects of psychedelic mushrooms are comparable to those of
|
|
LSD, but different in a number of ways. For one thing, the trip
|
|
lasts aproximately 6 hours, about half of what an LSD trip does. Mushrooms
|
|
also have less stimulant effect than LSD. Mushrooms tend to be more
|
|
visual than LSD and less auditory. LSD is probably better for enhancing
|
|
perception of music, although psilocybin does alter the perception of
|
|
sound (seems to make background noise louder) and like tryptamine-
|
|
based psychedelics, also tends to induce auditory hallucinations that
|
|
sound like 'noise'.
|
|
|
|
'Shrooms do have definite physical effects that are both similar
|
|
and different to those of LSD. Shrooms tend to cause 'Liquid Breathing',
|
|
especially before the onset of psychedelic effects. (Like LSD) Shrooms
|
|
don't cause stomach cramps, but they do seem to cause a headache
|
|
sometimes.
|
|
|
|
A short term cross tolerance does develop between pscilocybin,
|
|
mescaline, and LSD, but there appears to be no long term tolerance,
|
|
except for learned behavior which allows one, for instance, to learn
|
|
how to talk somewhat coherently despite what psychedelics do to the
|
|
language centers and short term memory.
|
|
|
|
Another important difference between 'shrooms and LSD is that
|
|
the onset time of effects from ingestion is MUCH shorter. In the
|
|
experience of people that I know, the onset of effects is aproximately
|
|
30-45 minutes after ingestion, and the transition from physical effects to
|
|
mild depersonalization to intense hallucination is very short, even in
|
|
the subjective time of the tripper. There is a period of aproximately
|
|
one hour where psychedelic effects (visual/auditory hallucination,
|
|
flickering of visual field, time overlay effect, time distortion,
|
|
breakdown of linguistic centers, etc.) are VERY intense, and the
|
|
rest of the trip seems to be more psychological, that is, very
|
|
little hallucination, mostly depersonalization and time distorsion.
|
|
This is a very excellent time to spend in a natural environment
|
|
(your local woods, desert, or savanna) because it tends to produce
|
|
shamanistic, in touch with nature feelings much better than LSD
|
|
does.
|
|
|
|
Bad trips are very possible with mushrooms, and are probably
|
|
very similar to bad trips on acid. If you know or suspect that a
|
|
tripper is experiencing eyes-open visual hallucinations, you might
|
|
want to take them to a place where no there are no regular geometric
|
|
patterns that cover most of the visual field. High dosages of mushrooms
|
|
seem to affect perception of regular tiled surfaces much more so than
|
|
irregular surfaces. If possible, suggest to the tripper that you go
|
|
to a place where there is a featureless floor (say a drab carpet or
|
|
a concrete floor). It's also good to find a warm place, but always
|
|
heed to the will of the tripper so long as he doesn't want to do anything
|
|
stupid like jump off a cliff. See if you can find some mellow music that
|
|
is pleasing to the tripper (Say, the Grateful Dead or Spyro Gyra) and
|
|
remember that little things like turning the intensity of light up or
|
|
down can have a big emotional effect. Be sure to ask about these
|
|
things.
|
|
|
|
When talking to someone on a bad trip, it often helps to keep
|
|
changing his train of thought; many people find that this keeps the
|
|
anxiety at a lower level. The primary rule is to watch the reaction
|
|
of the tripper to what you do, and take his needs and fears into
|
|
consideration. Keep him with people that he trusts and try to remove
|
|
any people that he doesn't trust. Of course, this advice is valid for
|
|
hallucinogens in general.
|
|
|
|
History: The practice of growing mushrooms dates back to around 100 B.C.,
|
|
and is based partly upon the discovery of minature mushroom stones found
|
|
near Gautemala City. Other finds further north also indicate an extensive
|
|
mushroom cult in the early civilizations. When Cortez arrived in Central
|
|
America, he found the natives using mushrooms as a sacrament. They called
|
|
them "teonanacatl", or "God's Flesh." The Spainards reacted strongly to the
|
|
mushrooms, giving written accounts of the loathsome mushroom rituals that
|
|
"provoke lust... cause not death, but madness... and bring before the eyes
|
|
wars and the likeness of demons." Teonanacatl was then banned from the
|
|
church as contributing to pagan behavior and idolitry. The only tribe
|
|
definately known to have consumed the mushrooms, however, is the Chichimecas.
|
|
Six tribes consume mushrooms today in Oaxaca: Mazatecs, Chinantecs, Chatinos,
|
|
Zapotecs, Mixtecs, and Mijes. It has recently been suggested that mushroom
|
|
use by the Chol and Lacandon Maya may be a vestage from the earlier Mayans
|
|
that disappeared for a time, and then was readopted. Present day ritual
|
|
among them Mazatec includes many rituals from the Catholic Church. Even
|
|
though the Catholics tried to eliminate the detested fungi, the Indians
|
|
still chant saints of the church and incorporate litanies, which are
|
|
undoubtedly post-Christian elements of their ritual.
|
|
|
|
Interaction precautions: I wouldn't recomend using them with alcohol or other
|
|
depressants. Also, people who are being medicated for a psychological
|
|
conditions, particularly with MAO-inhibitor class drugs probably DON'T want
|
|
to use 'Shrooms or any psychedelic because MAO-inhibitors tend to interact
|
|
seriously with most psychoactive compounds.
|
|
|
|
Active Ingredients: The primary active components of 'Shrooms are psilocybin
|
|
and psilocin, which also is an immediate metabolite of psilocybin. There are
|
|
a whole family of other tryptamine-related substances in 'Shrooms but most
|
|
of them are not active when eaten.
|
|
|
|
|
|
"The dried mushrooms contain from 0.2 to 0.4 percent psilocybin
|
|
(Schultes, et al., 1973) by weight. Some strains of Stropharia
|
|
cubensis [P. cubensis to most folks] have been reported to contain
|
|
as much as 0.5% psilocybin (Wasson & Heim, 1959, p. 260). Psilocin
|
|
is present only in trace amounts [other sources say it's 50/50
|
|
psilocybin/psilocin]. A dose of about 10-12 milligrams of
|
|
psilocybin, or about 5 grams dry weight of mushrooms, or 50 grams
|
|
wet weight, is sufficient to manifest the full spectrum of
|
|
hallucinogenic effects in a 160 lb. adult. These effects include
|
|
visual and auditory hallucinations, extreme hilarity, distorions of
|
|
time and space perception, and a sense of emotional detatchment
|
|
from the environment. Less marked effects can be detected at doses
|
|
as low as 2mg. which is about 1-2 dried mushrooms. Fresh mushrooms
|
|
seem to be somewhat stronger than dried ones [probably oxidation].
|
|
Psilocybin is one of the least toxic of all hallucinogens. A full,
|
|
effective dose is 12mg while mescaline, by comparison, has a
|
|
minimum effective does of 200mg for an average-size adult, and a
|
|
toxicity 2.5 times that of psilocybin (Aboul-Enein, 1974."
|
|
|
|
For further reading: Several books are available on the subject of growing
|
|
mushrooms, which is a rather complex task because it involves maintaining a
|
|
sterile environment and quite a bit of biology lab skills. The best book on
|
|
the subject is "Psilocybin: The magic mushroom grower's guide" by Oss and
|
|
Oeric from And/Or press. Spores are available by mail order; check
|
|
High Times magazine. These are legal to sell because they contain no
|
|
psychoactive compounds. Spores can also be obtained by taking a cap
|
|
print from mushrooms that you obtain from another source, like the wild.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
========================================
|
|
|
|
[some interesting info on Fly Agarics follows. Note that these are much more
|
|
poisonous than psilocybe varieties, the info above does not necessarily apply
|
|
to them, and the info below does not necessarily apply to psilocybes. --ED]
|
|
|
|
(David A. Honig)
|
|
botanicals
|
|
Organization: UC Irvine Department of ICS
|
|
|
|
|
|
anyone know the legality of fly agaric? anyone have any experience with it?
|
|
I'm sure it's legal. _Merck's_ sez that neither ibotenic acid and muscarine
|
|
>were "controlled substances" (what a *dumb* term) as of '76; was there maybe
|
|
a "Toadstool Regulation Act" I missed? Anyway, you could call it"soma" and
|
|
have a real good case for religious use...
|
|
|
|
I don't know what the dose would be. The LD-50 iv in mice for muscarine is
|
|
0.23 mg/kg; ibotenic acid is (for mice/rats) 15/42 iv and 38/129
|
|
oral. I'd be careful with anything with such a wide difference in toxicity
|
|
between fairly similar species. I vaguely recall that muscarine is only
|
|
found in the younger shrooms; it looks like you'd want to avoid them,
|
|
unless it's also responsible for most of the interesting effects.
|
|
|
|
vince
|
|
|
|
|
|
I obtained some dried Amanita via an unnamed source. They make you puke
|
|
(what else is new) and go into a dreamy state. Not "psychedelic" or
|
|
terribly euphoric. A friend (who is a botanist) has tried fresh ones,
|
|
reports that they're better.
|
|
|
|
IMHO, they're not worth your time unless your into ethnopsychopharmacology.
|
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
David A. Honig
|
|
|
|
MESCALINE-BEARING CACTI
|
|
|
|
Family: Cactaceae
|
|
Genus: Gymnocalycium
|
|
Species: gibbosum: Native to Argentina
|
|
leeanum: Native to Argentina, Uruquay
|
|
|
|
Genus: Islaya
|
|
Species: minor: Native to South Peru
|
|
|
|
Genus: Lophophora
|
|
Species: diffusa (Peyote): Native to Mexico
|
|
williamsii (Peyote, Mescal,Chaute etc.): the classic
|
|
Peyote, grows in
|
|
north central Mexico and south Texas.
|
|
|
|
Genus: Opuntia
|
|
Species: imbricata: Native to S-W USA to Central Mexico.
|
|
spinosior: Native to Arizona, New Mexico, Northern Mexico.
|
|
|
|
Genus: Pelecyphora
|
|
Species: aselliformis (Peyotillo, Peyote meco): Native to San Luis
|
|
Potosi,
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
|
Genus: Pereskia
|
|
Species: corrugata
|
|
tampicana: Native to Tampico, Mexico.
|
|
|
|
Genus: Pereskiopsis
|
|
Species: scandens: Native to Yucatan, Mexico.
|
|
|
|
Genus: Stetsonia
|
|
Species: coryne: Native to Northwestern Argentina.
|
|
|
|
Genus: Trichocereus
|
|
Species: cuzcoensis: Native to Cuzco, Peru.
|
|
fulvianus: Native to Chile.
|
|
macrogonus: Native to South America.
|
|
pachanoi (San Pedro, Giganton): Native to Peru, Equador.
|
|
peruvianus (Peruvian Fence Post): Native to Peru.
|
|
scopulicola
|
|
taquimbalensis: Native to Bolivia.
|
|
terscheckii (Cardon grande): Native to Northwestern Argentina.
|
|
validus: Native to Bolivia.
|
|
werdermannianus: Native to Tupiza & Charcoma, Bolivia.
|
|
|
|
Trichocerei are columnar, branched or candelabra like cacti, which
|
|
usually grow very fast. Cereus is a different genus, whose members
|
|
haven't been found to contain mescaline.
|
|
|
|
Cultivation: (from seed) Sow the seeds an inch apart on the surface of
|
|
sterilized, moist, sifted cactus mix. The pH should be 4.5-6.5. Cover
|
|
the tray or pot with an airtight plastic bag. Place in bright but indirect
|
|
light for 12 hours a day at less than 30 degrees centigrade. Don't let the
|
|
temperature get too high, and check to make sure the soil surface is moist,
|
|
but not too wet. A fungicide may be needed.
|
|
|
|
Cactus seeds will generally germinate in 1-3 weeks. When the seedlings
|
|
are about 2 cm tall (60-90 days for fast-growing species) transplant
|
|
them to individual pots. Handle them very cautiously and use moist soil
|
|
with pH 4.5-6.5 in the new pot. A good soil mix is 1/3 normal flower soil,
|
|
1/3 peat and 1/3 coarse sand or gravel. If you're growing a Trichocereus,
|
|
water once a week with a concentration of a flower fertilizer normally
|
|
used for flowering plants. Don't use standard plant fertilizers, as they
|
|
contain too much nitrogen. Bright light is needed 12-18 hours a day, and
|
|
the temperature should be 25-35 'C.
|
|
|
|
The easiest way of propagation is taking cuttings. Cut the mother plant
|
|
with a clean and sharp knife leaving 5-10 cm of it above ground. Cut
|
|
back slightly the edges of the cut to ensure that the new roots grow
|
|
downward. Place the cutting in vertical position to dry for 2 weeks to a
|
|
month depending on the size of the cutting. The compost where they are
|
|
placed after this should be very slightly moist, not wet.
|
|
|
|
For more information about growing cacti read e.g. Cullman, B|tz &
|
|
Gr|ner 1984: Encyclopedia of Cacti, Alphabooks A&C Black, ISBN
|
|
0-906670-37-3.
|
|
|
|
Usage: An easy method is to chop a cactus to small pieces, dry the pieces
|
|
and boil in water with plenty of lemon juice until there's not much
|
|
liquid left. To reduce nausea you should drink the liquid slowly over
|
|
a half an hour while avoiding excessive movement. For the same reason don't
|
|
eat solid food on the day of ingestion. A normal dose of mescaline sulfate
|
|
is 200-400 mg, which probably corresponds to 10-25 g of dry Peyote or
|
|
T. peruvianus, or 50-200 g of fresh San Pedro. Potency varies, so try a
|
|
small dose first. It's also possible to extract mescaline from cacti.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Mescaline produces a trip very similar to LSD lasting about
|
|
12 hours. The effects take a bit longer to come on. Mescaline is
|
|
cross-tolerant with LSD, psilocin and other psychedelics. A common side-
|
|
effect is nausea, which is worse when ingesting Peyote than other cacti
|
|
because of the extra alkaloids found in Peyote. If you manage to hold
|
|
the cactus in your stomach for 15-30 minutes before throwing it up,
|
|
you can still have a fine and nausea-free trip.
|
|
|
|
Mescaline does not cause chromosome damage in normal doses.
|
|
|
|
History: Peyote has been in use in America for at least 2000 years. The
|
|
Spanish conquistadors didn't like the use of drug plants by the Indians,
|
|
and catholic clerics declared officially in 1620 that since the use of
|
|
peyote was the work of the devil, all Christians were prohibited from
|
|
using it. The active prohibition of peyote still persists. A religious
|
|
manual written in 1760 presented the following series of questions for
|
|
the penitent:
|
|
Have you ever killed anyone?
|
|
How many have you murdered?
|
|
Have you eaten the flesh of man?
|
|
Have you eaten peyote?
|
|
|
|
Peyote was used for several centuries in Mexico before peyotism spread
|
|
into the US in the second half of the 19th century. Today it's legal for
|
|
the members of the Native American Church to use Peyote in several
|
|
states.
|
|
|
|
The San Pedro cactus has been used by Peruvian folk healers to combat
|
|
the supernatural elements that cause diseases.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents (of some cacti)
|
|
|
|
Botanical name mescaline other alkaloids
|
|
Lophophora williamsii ~1% dry Ann,And,Ant,Annd,H,L,P,T
|
|
Trichocereus peruvianus 0.8% dry T
|
|
pachanoi 0.1% wet Annd,H,T
|
|
bridgesii 0.1% wet T
|
|
validus 0.1% wet
|
|
macrogonus <0.05% wet T
|
|
terscheck. <0.05% wet Ann
|
|
werdermann. <0.05% wet T
|
|
taquimbal. <0.05% wet H
|
|
cuzcoensis <0.01% wet T
|
|
Stetsonia coryne <0.01% wet T
|
|
Pelecyphora aselliformis 0.00002% And,H,P
|
|
|
|
Mescaline content is probably given as hydrochloride, 128 mg mescaline
|
|
HCl = 200 mg mescaline sulfate. Doses of mescaline are usually measured
|
|
as sulfate. "Dry" means dry weight, "wet" fresh weight.
|
|
|
|
Ann = anhalonine causes paralysis followed by hyperexitability in rabbits
|
|
And = anhalodine stimulant, not potent
|
|
Annd = anhalonidine similar to pellotine
|
|
H = hordenine
|
|
L = lophophorine causes convulsions, similar to strychnine
|
|
P = pellotine causes drowsiness and slowing of heartbeat
|
|
T = tyramine
|
|
|
|
References:
|
|
|
|
Agurell, S. 1969: Cactaceae alkaloids I. Lloydia 32,2
|
|
Agurell, S. 1971: Cactaceae alkaloids X. Alkaloids of Trichocereus
|
|
Species and Some Other Cacti. Lloydia 34,2
|
|
Anderson, E.F. 1980: Peyote - the Divine Cactus. The University of Arizona
|
|
Press, ISBN 0-8165-0613-2.
|
|
Pardanani, J.H. & McLaughlin, J.L. 1977: Cactus Alkaloids XXXVI. Mescaline
|
|
and Related Compounds from Trichocereus Peruvianus. Lloydia 40,6
|
|
|
|
|
|
LETTUCE OPIUM
|
|
|
|
Family: Compositae
|
|
Genus: Lactuca
|
|
Species: virosa
|
|
|
|
Usage: Materials are extracted in a juicer and eaten fresh or dried
|
|
and smoked.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Mild sedative effect similar to opium. Very, very mild buzz, almost
|
|
unnoticable. Not worth the hassle of obtaining from the plant, and not worth
|
|
the cost of buying refined herb. Watch out for "incense" concoctions sold in
|
|
head shops and through mail order that claim to have alternative uses. These
|
|
are usually worthless, overpriced Lettuce opium preparations.
|
|
|
|
History: Formerly used in medicine as an opium substitute.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: lactucin, lactucerol (taraxaxterol), lactucic
|
|
acid
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
lactucarium
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Organization: University of Helsinki
|
|
|
|
Ronald Siegel writes in _Intoxication_:
|
|
|
|
"In each major category of intoxicant used by our species, there appear
|
|
to be one or two drug plants that researchers have noted are more
|
|
controllable, hence safer, than all the other plants or synthetics in
|
|
that category. [...] Among the narcotics, which include opium and its
|
|
derivatives, there is lactucarium, the smokable extract derived from
|
|
Lactuca Virosa."
|
|
"Consider the case of lactucarium, which never caught on as a
|
|
modern opium substitute because either so mild or so inconsistent in
|
|
quality that people thought it was a fake.
|
|
Lactucarium smells like opium and tastes just as bitter. When smoked
|
|
or swallowed, it is so mildly intoxicating it remains legal. There are
|
|
no visions like the ones De Quincey had from eating opium, but the
|
|
euphoria and dreamy intoxication last slightly longer. Although
|
|
lactucarium is structurally unrelated to the opiates, it will still
|
|
soothe irritating cough, ease minor pains, and help induce sleep, hence
|
|
its more common name of 'lettuce opium.' The history of lettuce opium in
|
|
America paralleled that of coca tea. Both drugs enjoyed widespread
|
|
medical use in nineteenth century and brief periods of experimental
|
|
nonmedical use in more recent years.
|
|
In the mid-1970s, smokable extracts of lettuce opium were marketed
|
|
throughout the United States under such brand names as L'Opium and
|
|
Lettucene. 'Buy your lettuce before they make it illegal!' announced the
|
|
national ads. Hundreds of thousands did exactly that when the craze
|
|
peaked in the late 1970s. There was not a single case of toxicity or
|
|
dependency. But there was a lot of competition as different
|
|
manufacturers rushed to get a share of the new market. Most of these
|
|
newer brands were made from ordinary garden lettuce, which lacked the
|
|
intoxicating lactucarium. Subsequently, sales fell, some suppliers of
|
|
real lactucarium went out of business, and the fad all but disappeared.
|
|
While lactucarium is still available, heroin users are not rushing to
|
|
buy it and probably never will: it's simply too weak."
|
|
|
|
Petrus Pennanen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HAWAIIAN BABY WOODROSE SEEDS
|
|
|
|
Family: Convolvulaceae
|
|
Genus: Argyreia
|
|
Species: nervosa
|
|
Usage: seed pods contain 4-6 seeds. Seeds are removed from pods and
|
|
fungus-like coating is scraped or flamed off (author recommends scaping as
|
|
much as possible and flaming the rest, as the coating can be thick and it's
|
|
easy to end up turning the whole seed into a chunk of carbon if you just flame
|
|
it). 4-8 seeds are chewed on an empty stomach (to minimize nausea). Seeds
|
|
sold commercially are generally already removed from the pods. The seeds
|
|
themselves resemble small chocolate chips, but are hard as rocks and have the
|
|
coating mentioned above.
|
|
|
|
Nausea can be lessened by ingesting one or two dramamine 30 minutes to one
|
|
hour before ingesting the HBW seeds. More dramamine can be taken after the
|
|
nausea sets in, however, dramamine can be a DANGEROUS drug in high doses and
|
|
its synergistic effects with LSA are unknown. Exceeding the recommended
|
|
dosage given on the dramamine box is probably a pretty stupid thing to do
|
|
under any circumstances.
|
|
|
|
If dramamine is not used, inducing vomiting when nausea starts will provide
|
|
relief but effects will continue. You can also grind and soak the seeds in
|
|
water, then strain them out and drink the water. If ground seeds are used,
|
|
make sure they are fresh ground.
|
|
|
|
Effects: LSD-like effects, but less intense, with less visuals. Trip lasts
|
|
6-8 hours; tranquil feelings may last additional 12 hours. Sleep is deep and
|
|
refreshing after trip, however some users may experience a hangover
|
|
characterized by blurred vision, vertigo, and physical intertia.
|
|
|
|
History: Used by the poorer Hawaiians for a high. Shipping of these
|
|
seeds became popular, as did a great controversy over the propriety of
|
|
world-wide distribution.
|
|
|
|
Interaction precautions: same as for Morning Glory seeds.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: D-lysergic Acid Amide and related compounds.
|
|
|
|
Note: Hawaiian Large woodrose seeds supposedly have the same
|
|
effect. Dosage is identical.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORNING GLORY SEEDS
|
|
|
|
Family: Convolvulaceae
|
|
Genus: Ipomoea
|
|
Species: arborescens (Quauhzahautl): tree grows to 15' high.
|
|
Native to Mexico.
|
|
carnea (fistolusa): bush with pink flowers native to Ecuador.
|
|
costata: native to australia.
|
|
leptophylia: wine colored flowers 3" across. Huge edible roots.
|
|
meulleri: native to australia.
|
|
murucoides: (Pajaro bobo) native to oaxca.
|
|
purpurea: native to mexico, common throughout N. America as an
|
|
ornamental.
|
|
violacea (Tlitliltzin): sacred Mayan morning glory. Widely used for
|
|
its psychoactive effects in the Heavenly
|
|
blue, Pearly Gates, Flying Suacers and
|
|
Wedding Bells strains.
|
|
|
|
Usage: 5-10 grams of seeds can be ingested as follows:
|
|
- thoroughly chew and swallow
|
|
|
|
- grind and soak in water for 1/2 hour, strain and drink
|
|
|
|
- sprout by soaking in water for 3-4 days (change water often), after which
|
|
the white mushy part is removed from the shell and eaten. This is probably
|
|
the best method for avoiding side effects, although I have I have reason to
|
|
believe sprouting the seeds lessens their effectiveness.
|
|
|
|
Most commercially available Morning glory seeds are treated with chemicals to
|
|
thwart consumption. Seeds are also sometimes treated with Methyl mercury to
|
|
prevent spoilage. Chemically treated seeds can cause severe nausea, vomiting
|
|
and diarrhea.
|
|
|
|
Effects: LSD like experience lasting about 6 hours, but with less
|
|
hallucinogenic effects. Nausea is common even with untreated seeds. Less
|
|
anxiety, less intensity than LSD in normal doses.
|
|
|
|
Nausea can be lessened by ingesting one or two dramamine 30 minutes to one
|
|
hour before ingesting the MG seeds. More dramamine can be taken after the
|
|
nausea sets in, however, dramamine can be a DANGEROUS drug in high doses and
|
|
its synergistic effects with LSA are unknown. Exceeding the recommended
|
|
dosage given on the dramamine box is probably a pretty stupid thing to do
|
|
under any circumstances.
|
|
|
|
History: The Zapotecs used ipomoea violacea by grinding the seeds up and
|
|
wrapping them in a meal cloth. They would then soak it in cold water and
|
|
would find out information about the illness of a patient, a troublemaker
|
|
among the people, or the location of a lost object.
|
|
|
|
Interaction precautions: should not be taken by people with a history of liver
|
|
disorders or hepatitis. Should not be taken by pregnant women.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: D-lysergic acid amide
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN INTOXICANTS
|
|
|
|
Family: Acanthaceae
|
|
Genus: Justicia
|
|
Species: pectoralis (var. stenophylla)
|
|
|
|
Usage: Waikas of Orinoco headwaters in Venezuela add dried and pulverized
|
|
leaves of this herb to their Virola-snuff.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Unknown
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Intensely aromatic smelling leaves probably contain
|
|
tryptamines.
|
|
|
|
Plants are available from ...Of the jungle for $35.
|
|
|
|
Family: Leguminosae
|
|
Genus: Anadenanthera (Piptadenia)
|
|
species: peregrina
|
|
colubrina
|
|
|
|
Usage: Black beans from these trees are toasted, pulverized and mixed with
|
|
ashes or calcined shells to make psychedelic snuff called yopo by Indians in
|
|
Orinoco basin in Colombia, Venezuela and possibly in southern part of
|
|
Brasilian Amazon. Yopo is blown into the nostrils through bamboo tubes
|
|
or snuffed by birdbone tubes. The trees grow in open plain areas, and
|
|
leaves, bark and seeds contain DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds
|
|
(Schultes 1976,1977; Pachter et al. 1959).
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds.
|
|
|
|
Family: Leguminosae
|
|
Genus: Mimosa
|
|
Species: tenuiflora (== hostilis) "tepescohuite"
|
|
verrucosa
|
|
|
|
General: The roots of M. hostilis, which is *not* the common houseplant M.
|
|
pudica ("sensitive plant"), contain 0.57% DMT and are used by Indians of
|
|
Pernambuso State in Brazil as part of their Yurema cult (Pachter et al. 1959,
|
|
Schultes 1977, Meckes-Lozoya et al. 1990). Bark of M. verrucosa
|
|
also contains D
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: DMT
|
|
|
|
Family: Malpighiaceae
|
|
Genus: Banisteriopsis
|
|
Species: rusbyana
|
|
argentea
|
|
|
|
Usage: Natives of western Amazon add DMT-containing leaves of the vine B.
|
|
rusbyana to a drink made from B. caapi, which contains
|
|
beta-carbolines harmine and harmaline, to heighten and lengthen the
|
|
visions (Schultes 1977, Smith 1977).
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: leaves contain DMT.
|
|
|
|
Family: Myristicaceae
|
|
Genus: Virola
|
|
Species: calophylla
|
|
calophylloidea
|
|
rufula
|
|
sebifera
|
|
theiodora
|
|
|
|
Usage: The bark resin of these trees is used to prepare
|
|
hallucinogenic snuffs
|
|
in northwestern Brazil by boiling, drying and pulverizing it.
|
|
Sometimes leaves of a Justicia are added.
|
|
|
|
Amazonian Colombia natives roll small pellets of boiled resin in a
|
|
evaporated filtrate of bark ashes of Gustavia Poeppigiana and ingest
|
|
them to bring on a rapid intoxication (Smith 1977, Schultes 1977).
|
|
|
|
Effects: The snuff acts rapidly and violently, "effects include excitement,
|
|
numbness of the limbs, twitching of facial muscles, nausea, hallucinations,
|
|
and finally a deep sleep; macroscopia is frequent and enters into Waika
|
|
beliefs about the spirits resident in the drug."
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Snuffs made from V. theiodora bark contain up to 11%
|
|
5-MeO-DMT and DMT. Leaves, roots and flowers also contain DMT.
|
|
|
|
Family: Rubiaceae
|
|
Genus: Psychotria
|
|
Species: viridis (psychotriaefolia)
|
|
|
|
Usage: Psychotria leaves are added to a hallucinogenic drink prepared from
|
|
Banisteriopsis caapi and B. rusbyana (which contain beta-carbolines) to
|
|
strengthen and lengthen the effects in western Amazon.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: P. viridis contains DMT (Schultes 1977).
|
|
|
|
5 seeds $10 from ...Of the jungle, leaves are also available.
|
|
|
|
References:
|
|
|
|
Meckes-Lozoya, M., Lozoya, X., Marles, R.J., Soucy-Breau, C., Sen, A.,
|
|
Arnason, J.T. 1990. N,N-dimethyltryptamine alkaloid in Mimosa tenuiflora
|
|
bark (tepescohuite). Arch. Invest. Med. Mex. 21(2) 175-7
|
|
Pachter, I.J, Zacharias, D.E & Ribeir, O. 1959. Indole Alkaloids of Acer
|
|
saccharinum (the Silever Maple), Dictyoloma incanescens, Piptadenia
|
|
colubrina, and Mimosa hostilis. J Org Chem 24 1285-7
|
|
Schultes, R.E. 1976. Indole Alkaloids in Plant Hallucinogens. J of
|
|
Psychedelic Drugs Vol 8 No 1 7-25.
|
|
Schultes, R.E. 1977. The Botanical and Chemical Distribution of Hallucinogens.
|
|
J of Psychedelic Drugs Vol 9 No 3 247-263
|
|
Smith, T.A. 1977. Review: Tryptamine and Related Compounds in Plants.
|
|
Phytochemistry Vol 16 171-175.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTMEG
|
|
|
|
Family: Myristicaceae
|
|
Genus: Myristica
|
|
Species: fragrans
|
|
|
|
Usage: 5-20 grams of ground nutmeg is ingested. Fresh ground is best. Can
|
|
also be taken in a "space paste" concoction (see below). Space paste is
|
|
difficult/expensive to make and tastes like shit; however, it may actually
|
|
decrease the side effects.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Possible nausea during first hour; may cause vomiting or
|
|
diarrhea in isolated cases. Takes anywhere from one to five hours for effects
|
|
to set in. Then expect severe cottonmouth, flushing of skin, severely
|
|
bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils. Personally I compare it to a very, very
|
|
heavy hash buzz. "Intense sedation". Impaired speech and motor functions.
|
|
Hallucinations uncommon in average (5-10 gm) doses. Generally followed by
|
|
long, deep, almost coma-like sleep (expect 16 hours of sleep afterward) and
|
|
feelings of lethargy after sleep. May cause constipation, water retention.
|
|
Safrole is carcinogenic and toxic to the liver.
|
|
|
|
History: Nutmeg was a very important trade item in the 15th and 16th
|
|
centuries. It was a precious commodity due to the enormous medicinal
|
|
properties of its seeds. Slaves on the ships bringing nutmeg to Europe
|
|
got in trouble for eating part of the cargo. They knew that a few large
|
|
kernels of nutmeg would bring them a pleasant, euphoric feeling, and relieved
|
|
their weariness and pain. Nutmeg was even used when the feeble King Charles
|
|
II almost died of a clot or hemorrhage. His death a few days later did
|
|
nothing to detract from its useful reputation. Rumor spread through London
|
|
that Nutmegs could act as an abortifacient. The ladies who procured abortions
|
|
from nutmeg were called "nutmeg ladies."
|
|
|
|
Interaction precautions: MAO inhibitor
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Methylenedioxy-substituted compounds: myristicin
|
|
(non-amine precursor of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine [M-MDA])
|
|
elemicin, and safrole.
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
Nutmeg Story
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology
|
|
|
|
Friday, a "friend" of mine decided to see what all the talk about nutmeg
|
|
was all about... here's what happened...
|
|
|
|
8:15 -- "he" took 1 tablespoon of ground nutmeg...
|
|
9:15 -- "he" took 1 more tablespoon of ground nutmeg...
|
|
11:15 -- "he" took still 1 more tablespoon of ground nutmeg...
|
|
|
|
As of now, "he" didn't feel anything... "He" got the beginnings of a buzz
|
|
at about 12:30 which gradually increased in intensity...
|
|
By 3 am or so, he compared it to moderate cannibis buzz
|
|
It peaked at at 5 am, and he then went to sleep.
|
|
|
|
The effects continued through saturday afternoon and
|
|
night, though not as intense as late friday night (or saturday morning
|
|
technically).
|
|
|
|
By sunday morning, the effects were totally gone.
|
|
|
|
The main point is, that except for lots of drowsiness, my "friend" never
|
|
suffered any of the ill effects that people have described ...
|
|
(such as nausea and headaches)
|
|
It was very comprable to a medium marijuana buzz. There were
|
|
no hallucinations, but maybe a larger dose is needed for this.
|
|
|
|
Next week my "friend" will go for 5 tablespons over the course
|
|
of a few hours.. Will he live to describe the experience??
|
|
|
|
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
Space paste! (was Re: nutmeg as a hallucinogen)
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Organization: The Scantily Clad Orangutans, Inc.
|
|
|
|
'Space Paste'
|
|
|
|
heart chakra, but it's a legal high that will get you pleasantly
|
|
buzzed. :-) DON NOT OMIT ANY INGREDIENTS. Trust me.
|
|
4 parts nutmeg (ground from whole nutmeg)
|
|
4 parts almonds (soak almonds overnight and rinse)
|
|
4 parts *raw* pistachios
|
|
2 parts cinnamon
|
|
1 part cumin
|
|
1 part tarragon
|
|
1 part oregano
|
|
1 part basil
|
|
1 part tumeric
|
|
1/2 part cayenne pepper
|
|
1/2 part black pepper
|
|
To taste: Maple Syrup
|
|
|
|
One part equals 1/4 cup.
|
|
|
|
[if you want to make enough for about 500 people, that is. Try 1 part=1
|
|
tablespoon--ed]
|
|
|
|
- Use only whole nutmeg. Not pre-ground.
|
|
- Grind up all ingredients with a spice grinder or food processor.
|
|
- Mix in Maple syrup until consistency of paste.
|
|
- Do not omit any ingredient, or it will NOT work.
|
|
|
|
Okay, you've gone this far, time to enjoy. The strong at heart will
|
|
spread some on toast. I like it blended in milk. It has a real strong
|
|
taste, so it's best to put it in the milk, fire up the blender, pour it
|
|
into a glass and chug it down in one gulp.
|
|
|
|
Start with two tablespoons. Effects begin in two hours. I've known
|
|
brave souls who take a cup at a time. Maybe that's why they disappear
|
|
for a couple of days.
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
``You have been so accustomed to objectification that you lost the
|
|
knowledge of yourself, simply because the Self cannot be
|
|
objectified.''
|
|
-- Ramana Maharshi
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
More on Nutmeg Story
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Well, I am recovering from a horrible experience.
|
|
Tuesday night about 10:30pm, I took 5 tablespoons of Nutmeg.
|
|
I am still hungover, almost 2 days later.
|
|
|
|
I got the initial stimulation, euphoria, but not much more than what
|
|
one gets around 2 tablespoons. That was fine and dandy.
|
|
I fell asleep at about 1:30am, with nothing psychedelic occurring yet.
|
|
I woke up at 3 am spinning, like I was drunk.
|
|
I awoke again at 9am, and got out of bed. I had to: thirsty as hell,
|
|
no saliva.
|
|
I had wicked troubles walking, far too dizzy and -out-of-it-. Just like I had
|
|
no control over my body. Also, any movement that I did make nauseated me.
|
|
By 9:30 I had my drink of water, and I collapsed on the kitchen floor,
|
|
sleeping until noon. I thought that I would have something to eat, at that
|
|
time, but was far too dizzy still to do anything. By this time I was in a
|
|
panic, thinking that I had comitted suicide, etc.etc. My body felt like it
|
|
was melding with the floor; I also felt that my whole body was made of vomit.
|
|
Quite odd.
|
|
I crawled (literally) up to bed again and slept like a stone until 6pm.
|
|
I managed to eat some stuff. I could stand for 30 seconds at a time, by this
|
|
time. I watched a movie, dozing on and off. I looked at myself in a mirror:
|
|
horrible sight, very red sunken eyes etc.etc. Went to bed and awoke this
|
|
morning at 11:30am. Awoke with something like a horrible hangover.
|
|
I feel like I have had a wicked flu yesterday and today.
|
|
|
|
Besides some odd physical sensations and perceptions, even this dosage
|
|
was not overtly hallucinogenic. I did not experience any colour / visual
|
|
perception changes this time, like at the lower dosage. Perhaps I
|
|
was just too sleepy to notice.
|
|
|
|
This experience was just downright gross.I think I have given up experimentin
|
|
with Nutmeg (and Mace) [ even though I really like the taste of the stuff.
|
|
Some people complain theycan't get the stuff down --- they must not be
|
|
using fresh stuff].
|
|
It was really an offputting experience. Tonight, I think I am just
|
|
going to hunt down something illegal but safer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YOHIMBE BARK
|
|
|
|
Family: Rubiaceae
|
|
Genus: Corynanthe
|
|
Species: yohimbe
|
|
|
|
Usage: 6-10 teaspoons of shaved bark are boiled 10 minutes in 1 pt. water,
|
|
strained and sipped slowly. Addition of 500 mg of vitamin C per cup makes it
|
|
take effect more quickly and potently (probably by forming easily assimilated
|
|
ascorbates of the alkaloids). Bark can also be smoked. Yohimbine
|
|
hydrochloride, a refined powder version, can also be snuffed. Also available
|
|
at many health/herb stores is a liquid extract.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Called "the most potent aphrodisiac known" and "the only true
|
|
aphrodisiac". Whether aphrodisiacs exist outside of mythology or not is a
|
|
topic for debate, as is the definition of "aphrodisiac". Anyway, first
|
|
effects after 30 minutes (sooner with vitamin C) consist of warm, pleasant
|
|
spinal shivers, followed by psychic stimulation, heightening of emotional and
|
|
sexual feelings, mild perceptual changes without hallucinations, sometimes
|
|
spontaneous erections. Some experience nausea during first 30 minutes.
|
|
Sexual activity is especially pleasurable. According
|
|
to one source "Bantu orgies have been known to last over a week" [Ed: don't
|
|
they get hungry?]. Total experience lasts 2-4 hours, however, several
|
|
experiences lasting up to 24 hours have been reported.
|
|
Aftereffects include pleasant, relaxed feelings with no hangover, but
|
|
difficulty sleeping for a few hours (probably largely due to the increased
|
|
mental activity).
|
|
Since they sell the stuff in health food stores and I'm not sure what it's
|
|
legitimate uses are, I'm willing to admit that I've tried it. My
|
|
experience was worth repeating. This of course constitutes no endorsement on
|
|
my part of illegal or legal drugs or of the use of yohimbe for any reason at
|
|
all.
|
|
|
|
I ground about 7 teaspoons of shaved bark in a spice grinder (fresh grinding
|
|
seems to help with release of the active ingredients) and then boiled it in a
|
|
pint of water for about 10 minutes. The stuff absorbs a lot of water. Also,
|
|
when freshly ground, you get some FINE FINE FINE particles. It took me a good
|
|
15 minutes to filter the stuff out through coffee filters (had to
|
|
use a bunch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUSTRALIAN SUPPLEMENT FOR THE NATURAL HIGHS FAQ
|
|
|
|
Author: Michael from Melbourne (Hex)
|
|
|
|
INTRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
Hi there, I decided to do an Australian Supplement for the Natural Highs
|
|
FAQ. Information was taken without permission from my Ethnobotany lecture
|
|
notes, from The Genus Psilocybe by Gaston Guzman, 1983 (a very detailed
|
|
study on Psilocybes), from Mushrooms and Toadstools of Australia, by
|
|
C.I. Shepherd and C.J. Totterfell, 1988 (good book on Australian genera),
|
|
from The Magical and Ritual use of Herbs by Richard Alan Miller,(a very
|
|
useful and interesting book, most of the plants in this list are from here),
|
|
and from Wild Medicine in Australia by A.B. & J.W. Cribb, 1981.
|
|
|
|
As a note for anthropologists and ethnobotanists, the Australian Aborigine
|
|
did not take any of the plant species that produced hallucinations, so who
|
|
knows how many native species are hallucinogenic. If you know of any not
|
|
on this list please post on alt.drugs and we will expand the list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOOMS
|
|
|
|
Family: Strophariaceae
|
|
Genus: Psilocybe (Gold Tops)
|
|
Species: group 1
|
|
cubensis
|
|
subcubensis
|
|
|
|
group 2
|
|
australiana
|
|
eucalypta
|
|
semilanceata
|
|
subaeruginosa
|
|
tasmaniana
|
|
|
|
In the psilocbyes the group 1 species fruit in the late spring and summer
|
|
while the group 2 species fruit in the late autumm and winter. Group 1
|
|
species habitat is in dung and rich pastures, while the group 2 species is
|
|
in native and occasionally in introduced forests. P. semilanceata also
|
|
grows in dung rich pastures.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Most people take from 6 to 12 mushrooms, but start off with a small
|
|
amount (like about 3 mushrooms) until you know your limits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Amanitaceae
|
|
Genus: Amanita
|
|
Species: muscaria (Fly Agaric)
|
|
|
|
The famous white warted red capped toadstool. Fruits late autumm and
|
|
winter. Habitat in introduced pine, birch and beech forests.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Fresh mushroom should be sliced vertically in 1 cm segments and
|
|
heated in an oven at 75 - 80 Celceus (165 - 175F) until dried. Start by
|
|
having 1/4 to 1/2 of a 10cm diameter sized mushroom until you know your
|
|
tolerences.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: These mushrooms contain musimole, A CNS hallucinogen,
|
|
ibotenic acid which causes flushing of the skin and drowsiness, and
|
|
muscarine, a highly toxic hallucinogen. The low heat in cooking the mushroom
|
|
decarboxylates and dehydrates the ibotenic acid into muscimole and
|
|
evaporates most of the muscarine.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Both Visual & Auditory hallucinations, OOBE's and being
|
|
transformed into an animal are some of the interesting hallucinations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Coprinaceae
|
|
Genus: Copelandia
|
|
Species: cyanescens (Blue Meanies)
|
|
|
|
A whitish grey to pale brown 4 cm diameter cap with a dark centre on a
|
|
slender, hollow up to 11 cm tall stem. Brusing causes the cap and stem to
|
|
stain blue. Grows on dung and in rich pastures in NT, Qld and NSW.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Contains both psilocybin and psilocin but this species
|
|
is only about 1/3 the strenght of Gold Tops.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Coprinaceae
|
|
Genus: Panaeolus
|
|
Species: campanulatus
|
|
|
|
A reddish brown to sooty brown 4 cm diamter cap that is smooth to slightly
|
|
sticky when wet. Stem is up to 14 cm, slender and concolorous with the cap.
|
|
Grows on dung and in rich parstures in the ACT, NSW and Vic.
|
|
|
|
Effects: From Victorian Toadstools and Mushrooms by J. Willis, 1950, "rumor
|
|
has it that they will cause an intoxication, under which the victim suffers
|
|
a strange sensation of growing taller and taller and over-topping the
|
|
objects round about him."
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Both psilocybin and psilocin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Coprinaceae
|
|
Genus: Panaeolina
|
|
Species: foenisecii (Haymakers toadstool)
|
|
|
|
A cap that is dark brown when wet to a clay colour when dry and is up to
|
|
2 cm in diameter but usually smaller. The stem is slender, hollow and up to
|
|
5 cm tall. It grows singly or in groups in grassy places.
|
|
|
|
Mentioned in Mushrooms and Toadstools of Australia as being poisonous and
|
|
hallucinogenic.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Both psilocybin and psilocin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER MUSHROOMS
|
|
|
|
Conocybe, Gymnopilus and Stropharia species do occur in Australia but there
|
|
is no record of them being hallucinogenic, but Stroparia coronilla is
|
|
recorded as being slightly poisonous (in a book that regards psilocybin and
|
|
psilocin as poisons).
|
|
|
|
Boletus luridus and B. erythropus of the Family Boletaceae, are some of the
|
|
porous fungi that are poorly studied. They stain blue when bruised. It is
|
|
regarded as poisonous and contains muscarine, this toadstool is possibly
|
|
hallucinogenic but as I dont know, anybody who has tested it please put
|
|
your results up on alt.drugs so we can confirm or deny this.
|
|
|
|
Family: Solanaceae
|
|
Genus: Duboisia
|
|
Species: hopwoodii
|
|
|
|
A small tree or shrub about 3 m high with narrow linear leaves up to 15 cm
|
|
long. Its flowers have a broad bell shaped white corolla with a purple
|
|
striped tube and five lobes. The fruit is a black 6 mm long berry that
|
|
contains two seeds in a dark pulp. It grows in the arid regions of
|
|
central Australia.
|
|
|
|
Usage: The dried and powdered leaves and twigs, often mixed with the ash of
|
|
Acacia species, was then placed in the side of the mouth like a plug of
|
|
tobacco and chewed. After Europeans introduced smoking it was also
|
|
sometimes smoked.
|
|
|
|
Effects: It is both a stimulant and a narcotic.
|
|
|
|
History: Used and prized by the Aborigines and traded across Australia.
|
|
When the first white men tried it they described it as having the kick of
|
|
a slug of gin.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: nicotine and nor-nicotine, minor amounts of the
|
|
hallucinogen hyosime but no hallucinations have ever been reported from
|
|
using it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GALANGAL
|
|
|
|
Family: Zingiberaceae
|
|
Genus: Kaempferia
|
|
Species: galanga
|
|
|
|
A smooth stemless herb that grows to about 1.5 meters, it has long leaves
|
|
with narrow blades that spread out horizontally. The flowers form a terminal
|
|
spike and are white with deep red veining. It grows in open grassy areas and
|
|
is found from tropical Africa through India to northern Queensland.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Eat approx. 6 cm of the raw root. Or take a tablespoon of root, cut
|
|
small and add to a cup of boiling water. Then drink cold.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Mild hallucinations.
|
|
|
|
History: Used by the natives of New Guinea as a hallucinogen. As described
|
|
in the movie The Valley, obscured by clouds (the one with the Pink Floyd
|
|
soundtrack). Also used in the Philippines as a folk medicine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AGARA
|
|
|
|
Family: Himantandraceae
|
|
Genus: Galbulimima
|
|
Species: belgraveana
|
|
|
|
A large rainforest tree that grows up to 35 meters tall with glossy leaves.
|
|
Flowers have two calyx lobes, no petals and a large number of flattened
|
|
stamens. It has red fleshy fruit with a resinous scent. Found in Queensland
|
|
and New Guinea, it is most commonly found growing from 1200 to 2700 meters
|
|
but can be found as low as 5 meters above sea level. It is only used by
|
|
New Guineans who use it as a pre battle hallucinogen, it was not used by
|
|
the Australian Aborigine at all.
|
|
|
|
Usage: The bark was chewed and rubbed on the legs of tribal warriors.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Intoxication and hallucinations followed by extreme drowsiness.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Twenty eight different alkaloids including himandrine
|
|
and himbacine have been reported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KAVA KAVA
|
|
|
|
Family: Piperceae
|
|
Genus: Piper
|
|
Species: methysticum
|
|
|
|
A shrub up to 4 meters tall with heart shaped leaves up to 16 cm long and
|
|
short spikes rising from the base of the leaf stem. The spikes are densely
|
|
covered with flowers. The plant grows in cool, moist highlands or wet
|
|
forests up to 300 meters above sea level. It grows best where summer
|
|
temperatures are between 26 - 32 Celceus. Its range is across the South
|
|
Pacific.
|
|
|
|
Usage: The upper rhyzome is used, traditionally in a tea (yaqona). For
|
|
maximum effects mix 1 ounce Kava with 10 ounces of water (preferably
|
|
coconut milk), two tablespoons coconut oil or olive oil, and 1 tablespoon
|
|
lecithin. Blend until the liquid takes on a milky appearance. Serves 1 - 2
|
|
people.The resins can also be extracted with isopropyl alcohol in a heat
|
|
bath.The solvent is removed by evaporation. Redissolve in just enough
|
|
warmed brandy, rum, vodka, or honey. The upper rhyzome is starchy
|
|
with a faint pleasant odor and a pungent bitter taste.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Small amounts produce euphoria, large amounts produce extreme
|
|
relaxation, lethargy and eventually sleep. Often visual and auditory
|
|
hallucinations lasting 2 - 3 hours with no hangover. Effects are not
|
|
noticed when used for the first few times (like marijuana). It also
|
|
produces numbing of the mouth.
|
|
Continual chewing eventually destroys the tooth enamel. Also constant and
|
|
excessive use with alcohol can become habit forming and after several
|
|
months cause yellowing of the skin, bloodshot and weak eyes, as well as
|
|
other side effects. The symptoms disappear within two weeks after the
|
|
drinking has stopped.
|
|
|
|
History: Kava is used by the Samoans as part of there religous ceremonies
|
|
and by the Fijians for guests as part of there ceremonies welcoming special
|
|
guests and friends. Five varieties are cultivated in Fiji, three white and
|
|
two black. The faster maturing black varieties are prefered for the
|
|
commercial crop while the slightly slower growing white varieties are
|
|
considered the best for personal use.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Kava has six resinous alpha pyrones; kawain,
|
|
dihydrokawain, methysician, dihydromethystician, yangonin and
|
|
dihydroyangonin. None of these are water soluble except when emulsified.
|
|
They are soluble in alcohol, oil and gastric juices.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BETEL NUT
|
|
|
|
Family: Palmaceau
|
|
Genus: Aveca
|
|
Species: catechu
|
|
|
|
A slender tree up to 25 meters high that grows in hot but shady habitats.
|
|
The leaf blades grow to 1 meter across with many pinnae. Betel palms produce
|
|
250 nuts per year and they grow from India across to the South Pacific.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Mix 1/2 gm of burnt lime (hydrated calcium oxide) with one Betel Nut,
|
|
preferably in a semi powdered form. It is then placed in the side of the
|
|
mouth for a two hour period, and the saliva is spat out occasionally. It is
|
|
also brewed like coffee, made into cigarettes, or it can be mixed with
|
|
acacia gum, some burnt lime and a dash of nutmeg and used as a sweet as
|
|
done in Malaysia.
|
|
|
|
Effects: Arecoline is a mild CNS stimulent. It increases respiration and
|
|
decreases the workload of the heart. It allows a journey to become more
|
|
vivid by allowing time to be percived differently.
|
|
|
|
History: By 1930 there were about 20 million Betel nut chewers in India.
|
|
Regular usage does stain the mouth, gums and teeth a deep red. Excessive
|
|
use can cause innebriation and dizziness. Long term users cause damages to
|
|
the teeth and soft tissue of the mouth.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Arecoline is a volatile oil released from the nut by
|
|
saliva and lime. Betel leaf contains chavicol, allylpyrocathechol,
|
|
chavibetol and cadinene.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CALAMUS
|
|
|
|
Family: Araceae
|
|
Genus: Acorus
|
|
Species: calamus
|
|
|
|
A perennial herb that has a horizontal rootstock up to 1.5 meters long. The
|
|
leaves grow from 1/2 to 2 meters tall, are sword like and have a crimped
|
|
edge. The flowers are minute greenish-yellow on a cylindrical spike. The
|
|
herb grows in marshes and along the borders of creeks. It is originally from
|
|
India but has been introduced to Europe, North America and also Australia.
|
|
|
|
Usage: Either eat the raw root when dry which is like ginger in both
|
|
texture and taste. Or it can also be made into a drink by boiling 1 ounce
|
|
of calamus root in 600 ml of water.
|
|
|
|
Effects: It acts as a stimulent when a 4 cm segment of root is eaten and it
|
|
alleviates fatigue. When more than a 24 cm root segment is eaten it is a
|
|
hallucinogen.
|
|
|
|
Active Constituents: Asarone and B-arasone are in the essential oil of
|
|
calamus. These are the non-amine precursors to TMA-2. The asarone is
|
|
converted to TMA-2 in the body shortly after ingestion.
|
|
|
|
History: The Moso sorcerers of Yunnan, China have used calamus as a
|
|
healing herb for asthma and fevers. The Cree Indians over 40 years old use
|
|
small amounts of it as an anti fatigue herb while larger amounts are used
|
|
as a mind altering sacramnet for boys to be initiated as a warrior.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
Calamus
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
I was taught long ago in Vermont by a lady who was into herbs there, that
|
|
Sweet Flag (calamus) was chewed by local folks on long walking trips. It
|
|
was useful for three reasons (all of which I can attest to subjectively):
|
|
|
|
(1) It staves off fatigue
|
|
I suspect some of this has to do with:
|
|
|
|
(2) It staves off boredom
|
|
I've found it to be a mild euphoric. Does this have to
|
|
do with it being a stimulant? Maybe. Hallucinogen? Well,
|
|
I've never hallucinated on it. But it is a euphoric. It
|
|
makes an entertaining tea in combination with passion
|
|
flower and damiana.
|
|
|
|
(3) It keeps your mouth stimulated and moist
|
|
The fresh root, or fresh-dried, has a tingly effect on
|
|
the mouth that lingers, staves off thirst, and is pleasant
|
|
only with habit, from what I understand. I've always liked
|
|
it but some folks really despise it.
|
|
|
|
A piece of root the size of a medium kidney bean will last you quite a while
|
|
walking. I wait until the tingle in the mouth has completely disappeared
|
|
before I take another bite. I used to walk 23-25 miles at 4-5 miles/hr in
|
|
a summer evening sometimes (with or without the calamus). I suspect with
|
|
the calamus, I might have been able to cover twice that distance with no
|
|
strain at all with the calamus in the course of a day. Given sufficient
|
|
need, I would be willing to believe that I could make 70-75 miles, but I'd
|
|
hate to think what shape I'd be in the next day.
|
|
|
|
Calamus was associated with spirit-walking, I remember hearing, when people
|
|
would cover completely improbable distances in the course of very short
|
|
times. However, I remember hearing this as "indian traditional stuff" which
|
|
in Vermont could mean Algonquin, Iraquoi, or someone reading it in a book..
|
|
I also couldn't swear that that wasn't a simple reference to shamanic
|
|
journeying which might or might not refer to physical distances...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shava Nerad Averett
|
|
all materials (c)1992, Shava Nerad Averett, and have nothing significant
|
|
to do with the University of North Carolina, a mostly owned subsidiary
|
|
of the NC Legislature, a mostly owned subsidiary of the DOT.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ACACIA
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
Native Australian Drugs
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
Family: Leguminosae
|
|
Genus: Acacia
|
|
Species: confusa
|
|
maidenii
|
|
phlebophylla
|
|
polycatha ssp. campylacantha
|
|
nubica
|
|
senegal
|
|
et al.
|
|
|
|
Dried A. confusa stems contain 0.04% N-methyltryptamine and 0.02% DMT
|
|
(Arthur et al. 1967). The dried leaves of A. phlebophylla contain 0.3% DMT
|
|
(Rovelli & Vaughan, 1967). The bark of A. maidenii contains 0.6% of
|
|
N-methyltryptamine and DMT in the proportions approx. 2:3 (Fitzgerald &
|
|
Sioumis, 1965). Smith (1977) mentions other species.
|
|
|
|
Seeds of several acacia species are available from ..Of the jungle.
|
|
|
|
Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A., 1967. Nb-methylated tryptamines
|
|
and other constituents of Acacia confusia Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J.
|
|
Chem. 20, 811.
|
|
Fitzgerald, J.S. & Sioumis, A.A., 1965. Alkaloids of Australian
|
|
Leguminosae V. Aust. J. Chem. 18, 433.
|
|
Rovelli, B. & Vaughan, G.N., 1967. Alkaloids of Acacia I. Aust. J. Chem.
|
|
20, 1299.
|
|
Smith, T.A., 1977. Review: Tryptamine and Related Compounds in Plants.
|
|
Phytochemistry v16, 171-175.
|
|
|
|
|