302 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
302 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
[...only the conclusions of this paper are made publicly available via
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anonymous ftp, interested persons should visit their libraries...]
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(Originally printed in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol 21(1),
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Jan-Mar 1989).
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LSD and Creativity (reproduced w/o permission)
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------------------
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Oscar Janiger, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, University of
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California, Irvine, California)
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Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Pd. D. (Department of Anthropology, California
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State University, Fullerton, California)
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CONCLUSION
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Contrary to popular belief, most artists find it possible to exercise
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some technical proficiency, with varying degrees of success, under the
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influence of LSD. This seems to improve with repeated experiences. The
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artistic productions are not ipso facto inferior to those performed in
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ordinary states of consciousness. However, in evaluating the reports
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and follow-up questionnaires, they are often judged by the artists to
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be more interesting or even aesthetically superior to their usual mode
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of expression. A review of the follow-up information shows that, in
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many instances, the artist in the series described herein felt that
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the LSD experience pruduced some desirable lasting change in their
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understanding of their work, which continued to incluence the form and
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direction of their artistic development. A so-called confusional or
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disorganized phase may represent a creative crisis in which the artis
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struggling, to maintain his/her traditional approach, finally reaches
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another level of integration and expression.
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These metamorphoses all contribute to the artists' convictions that
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they are able to create new meanings in an emergent world. It is of
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special interest to note that many of those elements that are
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universally reported under the influence of LSD are those features
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traditionally associated with heightened artistic creativity. The
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ultiamte explanation for these changes may lie in a biochemical basis
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of perception and/or the cultural history of the individual.
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**************************** Article Separation *******************************
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I was reading a back copy of The Journal of Drug Issues looking at an article
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on additiction when I came accross annother article. A chemistry for world
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peace. Willam H. McGlothlin, Journal of Drug Issues, Spring 1985, 225-245.
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Ok so it is a twinkie title, however it is perhaps the best article I have ever
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read on acid. The abstract;
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This paper presents an argument for research into
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the means of altering individual attitudes, values,
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and communication abilities in the direction of
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increased social empathy, which , inturn would
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produce a more favorable enviroment for resolving
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differences and facilitate peaceful negotions
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between individuals and nations. It is proposed
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that prior research with the drug d-lysergic acid
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diethylamide (LSD), shows sufficient promise in
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producing relatively long-lasting changes in the
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above areas to merit further research. Furthermore,
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the use of LSD has been demonstrated to be quite
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safe _under supervisory conditions_, i.e. the
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guided "trip." LSD is also non-toxic and
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non-addictive.
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A brief history of psychedelic drugs is
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provided along with a description of thier
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psychological effects. Some possible modes of
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action are discussed. LSD and other psychedelics
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are seen as a possible means of tapping mental
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resources which are not ordinarily available, but
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which may be of great value to the individual and
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ultimately to the society.
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The man who wrote it is unfortunantly dead, he was a well recognized scholar
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with a number of awards from academia and the government. He worked for RAND
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for a number of years and was no brainless yammerhead (despite the twinkie
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title).
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The article is full of all kinds of interesting things, A very good brief
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history of LSD and other psychedelics, one of the dest descriptions of an LSD
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experience I have ever encountered here is part:
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About 30 minutes after ingesting LSD the
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subject normally experiences a feeling of dizziness
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or intoxication. One of the most common early
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emotional reactions is smiling and laughing, which
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sometimes develops into uncontrollable laughing
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and/or crying. With closed eyes there is a
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lightening of the normal gray-black expanse and
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almost invariably colorful and luminous geometric
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designs appear in the field of vision. They may
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change into architechtural structures which
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freaquently are in very saturated colors and appear
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to be glowing from an internal light.
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He goes on to discuss changes resulting from the LSD experience (almost all are
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beneficial), and then talks about side effects. One nifty factoid;
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Estimated rates of Major Complications Associated with LSD
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Attempted completed psychotic reaction
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suicide suicide over 48 hours
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experimental
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subjects- 0/1000 0/1000 0.8/1000
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patients
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undergoing
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therapy- 1.2/1000 0.4/1000 1.8/1000
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(w/o psychobabble that means like really fucking good)
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There are also three and a half pages of cited references which alone is worth
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diggin up the article.
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**************************** Article Separation ****************************
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Newsgroups: alt.drugs
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Distribution: world
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Subject: From the Merck Manual -- LSD references, etc
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Keywords: LSD, Lysergic Acid Amide, Lysergic Acid
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Summary: A couple of pages of copywrite infringement
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From the 11th Edition of the Merck manual, the "Centennial Edition" no less:
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[perhaps something to drop in the FAQ?]
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5505. Lysergamide. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
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8beta-carboxamide; lysergic acid amide; ergine. C16H17N3O;
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mol wt 267.32. C 71.88%, H 6.41%, N 15.72%, O 5.99%.
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Isoln from _Rivea_corymbosa_(L.) and from _Ipomoea_tricolor_
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Cav., _Convolvulaceae_: Hofmann, Tscherter, _Experientia_ 16,
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414 (1964). Prepn from lysergic acid hydrazide: Ainsworth,
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U.S. pat. 2,756,235 (1956 to Lilly); from lysergic acid and
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phosgene-dimethylformamide complex: Patelli, Bernardi,
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U.S. pat. 3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Microbiological
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production: Rutschmann, Kobel, U.S. pat. 3,219,545 (1965
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to Sandoz).
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H. CONH2
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'. /
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/ \
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/ \
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|| |
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|| N
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/\\ /\ / \
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/ \\ / \ / CH3
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|| | | \
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|| | | H
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\ // \ /
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\// \/
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HN-------
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Prisms from methanol. dec 242deg. [alpha](5461)(20) + 15% (c = 0.5 in
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pyridine).
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Methanesulfonate, C7H21N3O4S, prisms from methanol +
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acetone, dec 232deg.
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Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
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the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.13
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(1987).
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5506. Lysergic Acid. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
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8-carboxylic acid. C16H16N2O2; mol wt 268.32. C 71.62%,
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H 6.01%, N 10.44%, O 11.93!. Ayseqgic acid and isolyser-
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gic acid are the main cleavage products formed on alkaline
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hydrolysis of the alkaloids which are characteristic of ergot.
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Jacobs, Craig et al., _J._Biol._Chem._ 104, 547 (1934); 125, 289
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(1938); 130, 399 (1939); 145, 487 (1942); _J._Org._Chem._ 10,
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76 (1945). High-yield production by _Claviceps_paspali_:
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Arcamone et al., _Proc._Roy._Soc._ (London), _Ser._B_, 155, 26
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(1961). total synthesis: Kornfeld et al., _J._Am._Chem._Soc._
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76, 5256 (1954); 78, 3087 (1956); M. Julia et al., _Tetrahedron_
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_letters_ 1969, 1569; V.W. Armstrong et al., ibid. 1976, 4311;
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W. Oppolzer et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta_ 64, 478 (1981); R.
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Ramage et al., _Tetrahedron_ 37, Suppl. 9, 157 (1981); J.
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Rebek, D.F. Tai, _Tetrahedron_Letters_ 24, 859 (1983). Ste-
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reochemistry: Stoll et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta 37, 2039 (1954);
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Stenlake, _J._Chem._Soc._ 1955, 1626; Leeman, Fabbri, _Helv._
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_Chim._Acta_ 42, 2696 (1959). Absolute configuration: Stad-
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ler, Hoffman, ibid. 45, 2005 (1962).
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H. COOH
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'. /
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/ \
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/ \
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|| N
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/\\ /\ / \
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/ \\ / \ / CH3
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\ // \ /
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\// \/
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HN-------
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Haxagonal scales, plates with one or two moles H20 from
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water, mp 240deg (dec). [alpha](D)(20) + 40deg (c = 0.5 in pyridine).
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Behaves as an acid and base, pKa 3.44, pKb 7.68. Moder-
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ately sol in pyridine. Sparingly sol in water and in neutral
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organic solvents; sol in NaOH, NH4OH, Na2CO3, and HCL
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solns. Slighly sol in dil H2SO4.
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Methyl ester, thin leaflets from benzene, mp 168deg.
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Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
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the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, title 21 Part 1308.13
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(1987).
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5507. Lysergide. 9,10-Didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-meth-
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ylergoline-8beta-carboxamide; N,N-diethyl-D-lysergamide; D-
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lysergic acid diethylamide; LSD; LSD-25; Lysergsaure Di-
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ethylamid. C20H25N3O; mol wt 323.42. C 74.27%, H 7.79%,
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N 12.99%, O 4.95%. Microbal formation by _Claviceps_pas-
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pali_ over the hydroxyethylamide; Arcamone et al., _Proc._
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Roy._Soc._(London) 155B, 26 (1961). Partial synthesis: Stoll,
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Hofmann, _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 26, 944 (1943); 38, 421 (1955).
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Industrial prepn: Pioch; Garbrecht, U.S. pats. 2,736,728;
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2,774,763 (both 1956 to Lilly); Patelli, Bernardi, U.S. pat.
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3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Isotope-labeled LSD: Stoll
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et al., _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 37, 820 (1954). Toxicity data: E.
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Rothlin, _Ann._N.Y._Acad._Sci._ 66, 668 (1957). Review: Hof-
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fer, _Clin._Pharmacol._Ther._ 6, 183 (1965). Book: _The_Use_of_
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LSD_in_Psychotherapy_and_Alcoholism_, H.A. Abramson, Ed.
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(Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1967) 697 pp.
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/ C2H5
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H. CON
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'. / \ C2H5
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/ \
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/ \
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|| N
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/\\ /\ / \
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/ \\ / \ / CH3
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\ // \ /
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\// \/
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HN-------
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Pointed prisms from benzene, mp 80-85 degs. [alpha](D)(20) + 17deg (c =
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0.5 in pyridine). uv max (ethanol): 311 nm (E(1 cm)(1%) 257).
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LD50 in mice, rats, rabbits (mg/kg): 46, 16.5, 0.3 i.v.
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(Rothlin).
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D-Tartrate, C46H64N6O10, solvated, elongated prisoms from
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methanol, mp 198-200deg. [alpha](D)(20) + 30 deg. Soluble in water.
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Caution: This is a controlled substance (hallucinogen)
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listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part
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1308.11 (1987).
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USE: In biochemical research as an antagonist to serotonin.
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Has been used experimentally as adjunct in study and treat-
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ment of mental disorders.
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NOTES: Not guaranteed to be free from typos.
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Underlines are supposed to be italic (ie book/journal titles, etc)
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Alpha, beta, and deg are the greek letters and the degree symbol
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[alpha](D)(20) means a greek letter in [] followed by a subscript
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and then a superscript (I don't know *WHAT* this actually is)
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The chemical structures are almost exactly what the Merck manual has
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drawn. Almost nothing was lost in the conversion to ASCII.
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[if you wanted to get really technical, the lower hydrogen atom in
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all of the structures should be coming out, and have a thick line]
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=============================================================================
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In article <1992Dec8.093008.25698@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se> guccw@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se (Christian Wernstedt) writes:
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>
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> Has anyone any comments on this? Is it common that people experiencing
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>a bad trip resort to violence against him/herselves or people around? Any
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>anecdotes, statistical info or just scientific references would be of
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>benefit to get a clearer picture.
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>
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A followup to my earlier reply. Two refrences from the bibliograpy
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of Intoxication, Ronald SIEGEL
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BARTER, J. T and REITE, M. 1969.
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"Crime and LSD: The Insanity Plea."
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American Journal of Psychiatry 126:113-19.
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REICH, R and HEPPS, R. B. 1972.
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"Homicide During a Psychosis Induced by LSD."
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Journal of American Medical Association 219:869-71
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From Siegel's Intoxication (p 240):
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The cases of Jeffery and Harold, who killed people after
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having taken LSD, are presented.
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"Cases like Harold's tend to confuse the issue of intoxication
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and violence. Violent people are often intoxicated but the
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violence is usually rooted in the personality, not the drug."
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mark
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