529 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
529 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
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(word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
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PO BOX 1031
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Mesquite, TX 75150
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There are ABSOLUTELY NO RESTRICTIONS
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on duplicating, publishing or distributing the
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files on KeelyNet except where noted!
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January 30, 1993
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TESLAFE1.ASC
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This file was inspired by a newspaper article in the local Dallas
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Morning News. It was in a column called "Texas Sketches" written by
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A.C. Greene. I called Mr. Green and Mr. Langkop who both
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courteously sent the additional source material. Both also
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expressed an interest in more Tesla information as well as Texas
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experimenters, we are sending them material in return. There is
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also a second file with my thoughts on the Tesla power box, that
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file is listed on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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from January 24th, Sunday - Dallas Morning News
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Texas Sketches column
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The Electric Auto that almost triumphed
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Power Source of '31 car still a mystery
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by A.C. Greene
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Not long ago, Texas Sketches told the story of Henry "Dad" Garrett
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and his son C.H.'s water-fueled automobile, which was successfully
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demonstrated in 1935 at White Rock Lake in Dallas.
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Eugene Langkop of Dallas (a Packard lover, like so many of us) notes
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that the "wonder car" of the future may be a resurrection of the
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electric car. It uses no gasoline, no oil - just some grease
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fittings - has no radiator to fill or freeze, no carburetor
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problems, no muffler to replace and gives off no pollutants.
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Famous former electrics include Columbia, Rauch & Lang and Detroit
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Electric.
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Dallas had electric delivery trucks in the 1920s and 30s. Many
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electric delivery vehicles were used in big cities into the 1960s.
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The problem with electrics was slow speed and short range.
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Within the past decade two Richardson men, George Thiess and Jack
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Hooker, claimed to have used batteries operating on magnesium from
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seawater to increase the range of their electric automobile from 100
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miles to 400 or 500 miles.
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But it is a mystery car once demonstrated by Nikola Tesla, developer
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of alternating current, that might have made electrics triumphant.
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Supported by the Pierce-Arrow Co. and General Electric in 1931, he
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took the gasoline engine from a new Pierce-Arrow and replaced it
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Page 1
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with an 80-horsepower alternating-current electric motor with no
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external power source.
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At a local radio shop he bought 12 vacuum tubes, some wires and
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assorted resistors, and assembled them in a circuit box 24 inches
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long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high, with a pair of 3-inch rods
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sticking out. Getting into the car with the circuit box in the
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front seat beside him, he pushed the rods in, announced, "We now
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have power," and proceeded to test drive the car for a week, often
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at speeds of up to 90 mph.
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As it was an alternating-current motor and there were no batteries
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involved, where did the power come from?
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Popular responses included charges of "black magic," and the
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sensitive genius didn't like the skeptical comments of the press.
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He removed his mysterious box, returned to his laboratory in New
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York - and the secret of his power source died with him.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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A.C. Greene is an author and Texas historian who lives in Salado.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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*** The original article from which Mr. Greene gleaned the above
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*** info was from a Packard Newsletter. Mr. Gene Langkopf kindly
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*** sent us a copy of that article which now follows.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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The Forgotten Art of Electric - Powered Automobiles
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by Arthur Abrom
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Electric powered automobiles were one of the earliest considerations
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and this mode of propulsion enjoyed a brief but short reign. The
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development of electricity as a workable source of power for mankind
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has been studded with great controversy.
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Thomas A. Edison was the first to start to market systems (i.e.
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electric generators) of any commercial value. His research and
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developmental skills were utilized to market a "direct current"
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system of electricity. Ships were equipped with D.C. systems and
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municipalities began lighting their streets with this revolutionary
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D.C. electric system. (At that time) Edison was the sole source of
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electricity!
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While in the process of commercializing electricity, Thomas Edison
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hired men who knew of the new scientific gift to the world and were
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capable of new applications for electricity. One such man was a
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foreigner named Nikola Tesla. This man, although not known to many
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of us today, was without a doubt the greatest scientific mind that
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has ever lived. His accomplishments dwarfed even Thomas Edison's!
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Whereas Mr. Edison was a great experimenter, Mr. Tesla was a great
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theoretician. Nikola Tesla became frustrated and very much annoyed
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at the procedures Edison followed.
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Tesla would rather calculate the possibility of something working
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(i.e. mathematical investigation) than the hit and miss technique of
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constant experimentation. So in the heat of an argument, he quit
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one day and stormed out of Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New
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Jersey.
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Working on his own, Tesla conceived and built the first working
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Page 2
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alternating current generator. He, and he alone, is responsible for
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all of the advantages we enjoy today because of A.C. electric power.
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Angered by Edison, Tesla sold his new patents to George Westinghouse
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for 15 million dollars in the very early 1900's. Tesla became
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totally independent and proceeded to carry on his investigative
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research in his laboratory on 5th Avenue in New York City.
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George Westinghouse began to market this new system of electric
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generators and was in competition with Edison. Westinghouse
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prevailed because of the greater superiority of the A.C. generators
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over the less efficient D.C. power supplies of Thomas Edison.
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Today, A.C. power is the only source of electricity the world uses.
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And, please remember, Nikola Tesla is the man who developed it.
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Now specifically dealing with automobiles in the infant days of
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their development, electric propulsion was considered and used. An
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electric powered automobile possessed many advantages that the
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noisy, cantankerous, smoke-belching gasoline cars could not offer.
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First and foremost is the absolute silence one experiences when
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riding in an electrically powered vehicle. There is not even a hint
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of noise. One simply turns a key and steps on the accelerator - the
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vehicle moves instantly! No cranking from the start, no crank to
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turn (this was before electric starters), no pumping of the
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accelerator, no spark control to advance and no throttle linkage to
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pre-set before starting. One simply turned the ignition switch to
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on!
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Second, is a sense of power. If one wants to increase speed, you
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simply depress the accelerator further - there is never any
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hesitation. Releasing the accelerator causes the vehicle to slow
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down immediately - you are always in complete control. It is not
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difficult to understand why these vehicles were so very popular
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around the turn of the century and until 1912 or so.
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The big disadvantage to these cars was their range and need for re-
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charging every single night. All of these electric vehicles used a
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series of batteries and a D.C. motor to move itself about. The
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batteries require recharging every night and the range of travel was
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restricted to about 100 miles. Understand that this restriction was
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not a serious one in the early part of this century. Doctors began
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making house calls with electric cars (do you remember doctors
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making house calls?) because he no longer needed to tend to the
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horse at night time - just plug the car into an electric socket! No
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feeding, no rub-down and no mess to clean up!
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Many of the large department stores in metropolitan areas began
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purchasing delivery trucks that were electrically powered. They
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were silent and emitted no pollutants. And, maintenance was a
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minimum on electrically powered vehicles. There were few mechanics
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and garages in operation in the early 1900's. So city life and
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travel appeared to be willing to embrace the electric automobile.
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Remember, these masterfully built vehicles all ran on D.C. current.
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Two things happened to dampen the popularity of the electric
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automobile. One was the subconscious craving for speed that gripped
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all auto enthusisasts of this era. Each manufacturer was eager to
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show how far his car could travel (i.e. the transcontinental races)
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and what was its top speed! Col. Vanderbilt constructed the first
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Page 3
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all concrete race track in Long Island and racing became the passion
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for the well-to-do. Newspapers constantly record new records of
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speed achieved by so-in-so. And, of course, the automobile
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manufacturers were quick to capitalize on the advertising effect of
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these new peaks of speed. Both of these events made the
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electrically powered vehicles appear to only belong to the "little
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old lady" down the street or the old retired gentleman who talked
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about the "good old days".
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Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. for this
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would have destroyed the batteries in moments. Bursts of speeds of
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25 to 35 m.p.h. could be maintained for a moment or so. Normal
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driving speed-depending upon traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h.
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by 1900 to 1910 standards, this was an acceptable speed limit to
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obtain from your electric vehicle.
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Please note that none of the manufacturers of electric cars ever
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installed a D.C. generator. This would have put a small charge back
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into the batteries as the car moved about and would have thereby
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increased its operating range. This was considered by some to be
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approaching perpetual motion - and that, of course, was utterly
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impossible! Actually, D.C. generators would have worked and helped
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the electric car cause.
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As mentioned earlier, Mr. Westinghouse's A.C. current generating
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equipment was being sold and installed about the country. The
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earlier D.C. equipment was being retired and disregarded. As a side
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note, Consolidated Edison Power Company of New York City still has
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one of Thomas Edison's D.C. generators installed in its 14th St.
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powerhouse - it still works! About this time, another giant
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corporation was formed and entered the A.C. generating equipment
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field - General Electric. This spelled the absolute end for
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Edison's D.C. power supply systems as a commercial means of
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generating and distributing electric power.
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The electric automobile could not be adapted to accomodate and
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utilize a polyphase motor (i.e. A.C. power). Since they used
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batteries as a source of power, their extinction was sealed. No
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battery can put out an A.C. signal. True, a converter could be
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utilized (i.e. convert the D.C. signal from the battery to an A.C.
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signal), but the size of the equipment at this time was too large to
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fit in an automobile - even one with the generous dimensions of this
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era.
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So, somewhere around 1915 or so, the electric automobile became a
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memory. True, United Parcel Service still utilizes several electric
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trucks in New York City today but the bulk of their fleet of
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vehicles utilizes gasoline or diesel fuel. For all intensive
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purposes, the electrically powered automobile is dead - they are
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considered dinosaurs of the past.
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But, let us stop a moment and consider the advantages of utilizing
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electric power as a means of propelling vehicles. Maintenance is
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absolutely minimal for the only oil required is for the two bearings
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in the motor and the necessary grease fittings. There is no oil to
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change, no radiator to clean and fill, no transmission to foul up,
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no fuel pump, no water pump, no carburetion problems, no muffler to
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rot out or replace and no pollutants emitted into the atmosphere.
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It appears as though it might be the answer we have been searching
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for!
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Page 4
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Therefore, the two problems facing us become top speed and range of
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driving - providing, of course, the A.C. and D.C. problems could be
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worked out. With today's technology this does not seem to be
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insurmountable. In fact, the entire problem has already been solved
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- in the past, the distant past and the not so distant! Stop! Re-
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read the last sentence again. Ponder it for a few moments before
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going on.
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Several times earlier in this article, I mentioned the man, Nikola
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Tesla and stated that he was the greatest mind that ever lived. The
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U.S. Patent Office has 1,200 patents registered in the name of
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Nikola Tesla and it is estimated that he could have patented an
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additional 1,000 or so from memory!
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But, back to our electric automobiles - in 1931, under the financing
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of Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow was
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selected to be tested at the factory grounds in Buffalo, N.Y. The
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standard internal combustion engine was removed and an 80-H.P. 1800
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r.p.m electric motor installed to the clutch and transmission. The
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A.C. motor measured 40 inches long and 30 inches in diameter and the
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power leads were left standing in the air - no external power
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source!
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At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York City and
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inspected the Pierce-Arrow automobile. He then went to a local
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radio store and purchased a handful of tubes (12), wires and
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assorted resistors. A box measuring 24 inches long, 12 inches wide
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and 6 inches high was assembled housing the circuit. The box was
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placed on the front seat and had its wires connected to the air-
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cooled, brushless motor. Two rods 1/4" in diameter stuck out of the
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box about 3" in length.
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Mr. Tesla got into the driver's seat, pushed the two rods in and
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stated, "We now have power". He put the car into gear and it moved
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forward! This vehicle, powered by an A.C. motor, was driven to
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speeds of 90 m.p.h. and performed better than any internal
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combustion engine of its day! One week was spent testing the
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vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported this test. When
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asked where the power came from, Tesla replied, "From the ethers all
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around us". Several people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow
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in league with sinister forces of the universe. He became incensed,
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removed his mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his
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laboratory in New York City. His secret died with him!
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It is speculated that Nikola Tesla was able to somehow harness the
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earth's magnetic field that encompasses our planet. And, he somehow
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was able to draw tremendous amounts of power by cutting these lines
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of force or causing them to be multiplied together. The exact
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nature of his device remains a mystery but it did actually function
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by powering the 80 h.p. A.C. motor in the Pierce-Arrow at speeds up
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to 90 m.p.h. and no recharging was ever necessary!
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In 1969, Joseph R. Zubris took his 1961 Mercury and pulled out the
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Detroit internal combustion engine. He then installed an electric
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motor as a source of power. His unique wiring system cuts the
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energy drain at starting to 75% of normal and doubles the electrical
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efficiency of the electric motor when it is operating! The U.S.
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Patent Office issued him a patent No. 3,809,978. Although he
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Page 5
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approached many concerns for marketing, no one really seemed to be
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interested. And, his unique system is still not on the market.
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In the 1970's, an inventor used an Ev-Gray generator, which
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intensified battery current, the voltage being induced to the field
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coils by a simple programmer (sequencer). By allowing the motor to
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charge separate batteries as the device ran, phenomenally tiny
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currents were needed. The device was tested at the Crosby Research
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Institute of Beverly Hills, Ca., a 10-horepower EMA motor ran for
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over a week (9 days) on four standard automobile batteries.
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The inventors estimated that a 50-horsepower electric motor could
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traverse 300 miles at 50 m.p.h. before needing a re-charge. Dr.
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Keith E. Kenyon, the inventor of Van Nuys, California discovered a
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discrepancy in the normal and long accepted laws relating to
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electric motor magnets. Dr. Kenyon demonstrated his invention for
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many scientists and engineers in 1976 but their reaction was
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astounding. Although admitting Dr. Kenyon's device worked, they saw
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little or no practical application for it!
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So the ultimate source for our electrically powered automobile would
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be to have an electric motor that required no outside source of
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power. Sounds impossible because it violates all scientific
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thought! But it has been invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued
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a patent No. 4,151,431 on April 24, 1979 on such a device!
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This new design although originally suggested by Nikola Tesla in
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1905, is a permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a
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series of permanent magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series
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- with different spacing - on the stator. One simply has to move
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the stator into position and rotation of the rotor begins
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immediately.
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His patent states,
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"The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the
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unpaired electron spins in ferro magnetic and other materials
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as a source of magnetic fields for producing power without any
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electron flow as occurs in normal conductors and to permanent
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magnet motors for utilization of this method to produce a power
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source.
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In the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins
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occurring within permanent magnets are utilized to produce a
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motive power source solely through the super-conducting
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characteristics of a permanent magnet and the magnetic flux
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created by the magnets are controlled and concentrated to
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orient the magnetic forces generated in such a manner to do
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useful continuous work such as the displacement of a rotor with
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respect to a stator.
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The timing and orientation of magnetic forces at the rotor and
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stator components produced by permanent magnets to produce a
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motor is accomplished with the proper geometrical relationship
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of these components".
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Now before you dismiss the idea of a magnetically run motor - a free
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energy source, consider the following :
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Page 6
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Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated
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that a motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but
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the politics of the matter make it impossible for them to
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pursue developing a magnet motor or any device that would
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compete with the energy cartels.
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In a book entitled, "Keely and His Discoveries" by Clara B. Moore
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published in 1893, we find the following statemtents,
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"The magnet that lifts a pound today if the load is gradually
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increased day by day will lift double that amount in time.
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Whence comes this energy? Keely teaches that it comes from
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sympathetic association with one of the currents of the polar
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stream and that its energy increases as long as the sympathetic
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flow lasts, which is through eternity".
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Now consider some basic observations concerning magnets:
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1) Two permanent magnets can either attract or repel depending
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on the arrangement of the magnetic poles.
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2) Two magnets repel further than they attract because of
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friction and inertia forces.
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3) Most of our energy comes directly or indirectly from
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electromagnetic energy of the sun, e.g. photosynthesis and
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watercycle of ocean to water vapor to rain or snow to ocean.
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4) Magnetic energy "travels" between poles at the speed of
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light.
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5) Permanent magnets on both sides of an iron shield are
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attracted to the shield and only weakly to each other at
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close proximity to the shield.
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6) Permanent magnets are ferrous metals and are attractive only.
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Attraction is an inverse square force.
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7) Magnetic energy can be shielded.
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8) The sliding or perpendicular force of a keeper is much less
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than the force in the direction of the field to remove the
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keeper.
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9) Most of the magnetic energy is concentrated at the poles of
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the magnet.
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10) A permanent magnet loses little strength unless dropped or
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heated. Heating misaligns the magnetic elements within the
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magnet.
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11) If a weight lifted by a permanet magnet is slowly increased,
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the lifting power of the magnet can be increased until all
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the magnetic domains in the magnet are aligned in the same
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direction. This becomes the limit.
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12) Using magnets to repel tends to weaken them as it causes more
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misalignment of the domains.
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Page 7
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13) A magnetic material placed between two magnets will always be
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attracted to the stronger magnet.
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So, our ultimate motor becomes a permanent magnet motor of proper
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size with speed being controlled through the automobiles
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transmission. And, here is the biggest plus, permanent magnets keep
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their strength for a minimum of 95 years! So here we have a fuel-
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less automobile that would last us our lifetime.
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There is only one drawback to an automobile powered by a permanent
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magnet motor - if the vehicle gets involved in an accident, the
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shock of the crash could jar the magnets and cause them to lose
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power! But this seems to be a small price to pay for an automobile
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that could run all day at 60 m.p.h. - use no fuel - and never need a
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recharge!
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Now the only question left to be answered is, "Where do you buy
|
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one?" or perhaps, "When will we be able to buy one?" At present
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there are several companies offering interim solutions. Some offer
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electric powered designs - but this is strictly batteries, while
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others offer a hybrid combination of batteries and small gasoline
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engines. All of these so-called "modern alternatives" suffer from
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the same lack of accessories we've become accustomed to.
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They do not, or cannot offer power steering, brakes or windows or
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air-conditioning, etc. Since they are small aerodynamically shaped
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packages holding only two people, their appeal is distinctly
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limited.
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When someone constructs an automobile run by a permanent magnet
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motor attached to the differential thus eliminating the
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transmission, the world will beat a path to his door - providing the
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energy cartel doesn't find him first!
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In Richardson, Texas last year, two men - George Thiess and Jack
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Hooker have advanced the storage battery to a new level. Their new
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batteries will operate on magnesium made from seawater. The
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magnesium is used to charge the battery while in an electrolene
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solution and the range of their auto is increased by replacing the
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magnesium rods every 400 to 500 miles. Their studies are being
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officially watched by the Department of Energy. Perhaps an all new
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era of electrically powered automobiles may be on its way to
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reality.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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This subject is intensely interesting to many researchers so if you
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have any suggestions or comments, we here at KeelyNet would greatly
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appreciate your sharing with us.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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There are three files that link to this particular subject and all
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will be bundled as follows :
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TESLAFE1.ASC - original articles TESLAFE1.GIF - PARALLEL version
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TESLAFE2.ASC - this commentary TESLAFE2.GIF - SERIES version
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TESLAFE .ZIP - all of the above bundled into one file
|
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Additonal related information can be found
|
|
on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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If we can be of service, you may contact
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Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
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Page 8
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