141 lines
6.0 KiB
Prolog
141 lines
6.0 KiB
Prolog
Karpov vs. DEEP THOUGHT
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Reported by Darren Bedwell, Compuserve 73510,2300
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On February 2, 1990, a crowd gathered in Memorial Hall at Harvard
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University to witness a game between GM Anatoly Karpov, former world
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chess champion, and DEEP THOUGHT, the world's top-ranked chess-playing
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machine. The event was sponsored by the Harvard Chess Club, American
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Chess Foundation, IBM Corporation, and Metrowest Chess Enterprises.
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George Mirijanian served as arbiter. The time control was G/61.
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Before the game, GM Karpov fielded questions from the audience:
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Question: Have you played many games against computers?
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Karpov: "I have played several programs, but mostly minicomputers like
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Mephisto & Fidelity; also some Russian programs. I have played this
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program before in simuls; I always beat it -- until now..."
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Q: Do you think a computer will ever be world chess champion?
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AK: "Only if the machine can calculate chess to the end."
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Q: Will you discuss this match with Kasparov?
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AK: "No, we don't talk between our matches."
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Q: Does the computer have a weakness?
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AK (laughs): "Sure!"
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Q: I'll be playing in the simul (February 3) and I was wondering what
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you'll play against the Modern Defense?
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AK (laughing): "Depends where you sit!"
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White Black
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Karpov DEEP THOUGHT
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1. e4 c6
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2. d4 d5
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3. Nd2 g6
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4. c3 Bg7
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5. e5 f6
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6. f4 Nh6
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7. Ngf3 O-O
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8. Be2 fxe5
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9. fxe5 c5
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10. Nb3 cxd4
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11. cxd4 Nc6
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12. O-O Qb6
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13. Kh1 a5
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14. a4 Bf5
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15. Bg5 Be4
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16. Nc5 Qxb2
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17. Nxe4 dxe4
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18. Rb1 Qa3
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19. Bc1 Qc3
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20. Bd2 Qa3
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21. Bc1 Qc3
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22. Rb3 Qa1
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23. Bc4+ Kh8
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24. Bxh6 Qxd1
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25. Bxg7+ Kxg7
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26. Rxd1 exf3
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27. gxf3 Ra7
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28. Bd5 Rd8
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29. Rb5 Ra6
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30. Bc4 Ra7
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31. Bd5 Ra6
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32. Rc5 Rd7
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33. Kg2 Rb6
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34. Bxc6 bxc6
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35. Kf2 Rd5
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36. Rxd5 cxd5
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37. Rc1 Rb4
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38. Ke3 Rxa4
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39. Rc5 e6
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40. Rc7+ Kg8
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41. Re7 Ra3+
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42. Kf4 Rd3
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43. Rxe6 Rxd4+
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44. Kg5 Kf7
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45. Ra6 a4
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46. f4 h6+
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47. Kg4 Rc4
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48. h4 Rd4
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49. Rf6+ Kg7
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50. Ra6 Kf7
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51. h5 gxh5+
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52. Kf5 Kg7
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53. Ra7+ Kf8
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54. e6 Re4
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55. Rd7 Rc4
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56. Rxd5 h4
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57. Rd3 Ke7
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58. Rd7+ Kf8
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59. Rh7 h5
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60. Ke5 h3
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61. f5 Kg8
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62. Rxh5 a3
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63. Rxh3 a2
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64. Ra3 Rc5+
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65. Kf6 resigns
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Notes:
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The crowd gave the finish a standing ovation.
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Up to move 12, Karpov had used a total of about 5 minutes to DEEP
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THOUGHT's 9 minutes. By move 17, he had used 28 minutes. DEEP THOUGHT
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took only a few seconds for those moves. By move 28, Karpov, the current
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world Action Chess Champion, had only 10 minutes left on his clock. At
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move 31, he had only 5 minutes left. According to the arbiter, Karpov had
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"well over half a minute on his clock; in fact, probably over a minute--
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plenty of time" (!?!) when the game ended. DEEP THOUGHT had over 30
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minutes to spare when it resigned.
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In the post-game analysis, IM Patrick Wolff described Karpov's
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move 15 as "throwing down the tactical gauntlet", and that with 15. Bg5
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Karpov was challenging DEEP THOUGHT where it was strongest. He then
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declared the position after 27. .... Ra7? to be a technical win for
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White. However, by move 38, DEEP THOUGHT had a forced draw available,
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which it rejected. DEEP THOUGHT reduces positional and material
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considerations to fractions of a pawn, and according to the design team,
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has a "contempt factor" of 0.8 of a pawn, meaning that it will accept a
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draw if it considers itself to be down by that amount or more. According
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to Dr. Murray Campbell, "The machine has had a problem with connected
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passed pawns in the past, and we're going to fix it."
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DEEP THOUGHT takes the same amount of time to calculate every
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move, even when it has only one move available. However, since it thinks
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on the opponent's time as well, when the opponent makes the move it
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expects, it responds immediately.
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There were two display boards set up in the hall, and I was able
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to keep a line score up to move 59, when the boardkeeper on my side of
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the hall lost track of the moves during the time scramble! None of the
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GMs and IMs present were able to keep track of the moves either, and by
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the time the post-game analysis got to that point, the DEEP THOUGHT team
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had shut down the modem link from their terminal! Heartfelt thanks to Ken
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Ramaley of Providence, Rhode Island, who kept what may have been the only
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complete score of the game outside of DEEP THOUGHT's memory banks.
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I believe this is the most remarkable performance by a chess-
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playing machine to date. To have available, and REJECT, a forced draw
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against a former world champion, is simply incredible. Congratulations,
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DEEP THOUGHT.
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