172 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
172 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
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______________________________________________________________________________
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| File Name : RESONAN.ASC | Online Date : 10/15/94 |
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| Contributed by : Frode Olsen | Dir Category : ENERGY |
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| From : KeelyNet BBS | DataLine : (214) 324-3501 |
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| KeelyNet * PO BOX 870716 * Mesquite, Texas * USA * 75187 |
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| A FREE Alternative Sciences BBS sponsored by Vanguard Sciences |
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|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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This file has an associated .GIF image called RESONAN.GIF. If you took it as
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RESONAN.ASC, you must also get the figures mentioned in the article. If you
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took the file as RESONAN.ZIP, then the .GIF and .ASC files are together.
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How to utilise resonance to increase energy
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By
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Frode G. Olsen, Steinvegen 2, 8550 Lundingen, Norway
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A researcher in the free-energy field writing about Viktor Schauberger
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once asked in an article; "Can energy grow?". I think yes, and this is an
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attempt to explain what I mean.
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First, lets look at some common mis-understandings. Conventional science
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does allow power to grow, whilst maintaining an energy constant. E.g. if you
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charge a flash capacitor from a battery at 1 Watt constantly for 1 second, you
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have supplied 1 watt-second of energy. In the short time the flash occurs, say
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1 mS, the power during that time would have to be 1000 times bigger, 1000
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watts, to discharge the 1 Watt-Second of energy.
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This is NOT WHAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT in the over unity devices that have
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emerged over the last few years. Most of these devices have, or could have, a
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quite simple explanation also acceptable to the 'mainstream' science.
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Nikola Tesla once said: "Resonance can do a lot to amplify energy......".
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What did he mean? It is commonly known among the conventional scientists that
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a parallel circuit fed with a sinewave at its center frequency circulates a
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reactive power between the coils' magnetic field and the capacitors' electric
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field many times greater than the input energy. The ratio is called the
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circuits 'Q'- factor, and can typically be 40 to 400 with off-the-shelf
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components. This energy difference normally cannot be utilised because tapping
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it reduces the 'Q'- factor, so you are back where you started.
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I began thinking about another method after reading Thomas Henry Moray's
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book "The Sea of Energy in which the Earth Floats" a number of times. The
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statement that stuck in my mind was that the Radiant Energy device required a
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MINIMUM load of about 25 Watts, or at 110 Volts, about 480 ohm's.
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A parallel resonant tank circuit with the resistor in parallel would have
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its Q value REDUCED if the resistance DECREASED (loading increased). The
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conclusion is that the output circuit in the RE device could not be a parallel
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tank with the load also in parallel. Then, only one other option is left; a
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parallel circuit with the load resistor in SERIES with either the capacitor or
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the inductor (coil).
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The attentive reader would now ask : What of it? Tthere is no real,
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active power produced in this circuit, YET. This is true. This circuit is
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quite ordinary and with the resistor in series with the inductor, it is used
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in tuned amplifiers to boost signal amplitude near the resonant frequency. If
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we look carefully at the diagram of active (input) and reactive (stored) power
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in this circuit, we see that there is a REAL power component along the REAL-
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AXIS, and it is equal to the power needed to drive the load. Along the
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IMAGINARY - AXIS we find a reactive power component Q times larger in
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amplitude. This power is also said to be the circulating power within the
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circuit. Fig 2 illustrates the relationship between input active power, and
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circulating, imaginary power.
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From Fig 2, what seems to be the only difference between real and
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imaginary power, the imaginary being the larger one at Q larger than one?
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There is a phase difference (angular difference) of 90 degrees only. So, the
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original idea was this; What if one could ROTATE the diagram so that the
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LARGER reactive power fell along the REAL - AXIS, and therefore became REAL
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power? And HOW could this be accomplished?
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A really interesting observation is made by studying the simple Fig 2;
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the sinewave already in existence inside the tank circuit is the reference,
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and determines which phase is real and which phase is imaginary. Then, the
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simple answer to both questions is that the only thing one has to do is to
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provide a 90 degree POSITIVE (early) phase shift in the input pulses.....
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Fig 3 show that this results in a positive imaginary input power, and a
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NEGATIVE REAL POWER Q TIMES BIGGER THAN THE INPUT.
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The practical implementation is to place the input pulses 90 degrees
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early compared with the signal present in the parallel circuit all the time.
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This is most easily done by using a pulse frequency slightly higher than the
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circuits resonant frequency. About 1 per cent higher frequency worked well in
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my PSPICE simulation of this method.
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What really happens? The very first pulse to hit the resonance circuit
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starts to set up the circulating sine-wave. If the pulses all were at the
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resonance frequency, the next pulse would be placed at the voltage peak of the
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oscillations. this means that to transfer charge from the input source to the
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circuit, the source has to provide the maximum voltage, and power. Now, the
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frequency is increased slightly, resulting in that the pulses move earlier and
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earlier in phase compared with the sine wave. The real beauty of the method is
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that it is self regulating; the pulses will never reach or cross the optimum
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zero-crossing (positive going sine wave) point. The effect causing this is the
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more rapid charging of the capacitor because of the combined actions of the
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pulse and the collapsing magnetic field in the coil. The positive going flank
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of the sine therefore becomes steeper, the voltage rises faster which is
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analogue to increased frequency. The resonance circuit is actually tracking
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the pulses and is pulled to the higher frequency.
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What we have now achieved is that the charging pulses all fall very near
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the zero crossing of the sine wave were the circuits voltage (and the
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capacitor voltage) is at its minimum. Then, when the pulses transfer charge to
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the circuit, they can do so with a SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED VOLTAGE compared with
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placing the pulses at the voltage peak. Since the capacitor at the zero
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crossing has zero voltage, the current is higher which indicates a capacitive
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circuit (positive imaginary) circuit seen from the input. Now look at Fig 3,
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the rotated diagram. This is in accordance with capacitive input because the
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input now points up the positive imaginary axis.
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Next observe what was the imaginary power in Fig 2. It has now rotated
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through 90 degrees and FALLS ALONG THE NEGATIVE REAL POWER AXIS. What does
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that mean? Negative power simply means A SOURCE. So, the resonance circuit fed
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with a slightly higher pulse frequency than the resonance frequency will
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become a source.
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How do we conveniently tap this negative power from the circuit? An easy
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way is to parallel the capacitor and coil directly and make the coil a
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transformer primary. The load is placed at the secondary. It is important
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that the secondary does not load too much so that it prevents the effect to
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assert itself. The Q value we will remember is the difference between the
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reactive and the active power, and to get as much power as possible from the
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circuit we would want it as high as practically possible.
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Then the secondary of the transformer would have to be of fewer windings
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than the primary. Typically, a Q of 10 or more is required. The load
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resistance transforms as the square-root of the winding ratio. The transformed
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load resistance should therefore be 10 to 100 times the reactance of the
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capacitor in use at the pulse frequency. From this statement it is obvious
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that the power available increase proportionally with higher frequency because
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the capacitors reactance falls with frequency. Likewise, the power available
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increases proportionally with the capacitor value because the reactance
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increases proportionally with frequency.
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In an article on Tesla's experiment in 1931 with a Pierce Arrow
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automobile with a power-converter and a long and slim electro motor installed
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there is a part of the text that has some relevance. The author says: " it is
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believed that the reactive power in circulating in the converter was
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considerably higher than that used by the electromotor replacing the standard
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70 HP internal combustion engine". According to the method described above we
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can both name and quantitatively describe this number as the Q value of the
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circuit.
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It is worth noticing that if the pulses are placed exactly at the zero-
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crossing and infinitely short, they will always be able to transfer charge to
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the circuit. At no load and an ideal circuit (Q equals infinite), the voltage
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and power level would continue to increase indefinitely. Even at modest values
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of Q, the voltage would increase very much if the load tapping the charge out
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of the circuit was removed or lessened. Therefore high power circuit of this
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kind must have a negative feedback reducing input to a much lower value when a
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certain voltage level is reached. This is to protect the capacitor which would
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otherwise have its dielectric raptured. Alternatively, the circulating
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currents could burn out the wiring. The last case seems to have been Lester
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Hendershot's biggest problem. His 300W device kept failing because of wiring
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burn outs.
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The load should also preferably be regulated. It should only load the
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circuit after a minimum voltage value was reached and maintained. This would
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insure, on average at least, a high enough Q value at heavy loads.
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Why spend of a battery or another prime mover at all to supply the input?
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Initially one would have to because the sine must build from quite a few of
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the first pulses. But, after that the output would be Q times higher than the
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input in continuous power. The preferred solution would then be to feed back
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from the output what is needed for self sustained operation. This would leave
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you with Q-1 times the feedback power to spend. But, since Q is high, this
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slight reduction would be of no practical consequence.
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This text was prepared by The Norwegian Free Energy Group
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