464 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
464 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
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*=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-*
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! MR FIXIT DOX !
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* *
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! PRESENTED BY BETS C. FOR: !
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* *
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! APPLE MANOR (716) 654-POOF! !
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* THE SOUTH POLE (312) 677-7140 *
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! THE OUTPOST (312) 441-6957 !
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*=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-*
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Mr. Fixit contains several utilities that let you identify and recover
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"blown" disks without needing an intimate knowledge of Apple DOS.
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Scan utility: Identifies flawed track/sectors on disks. Copy utility:
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Ignores flawed sectors as it copies a diskette. Edit utility: Allows
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you to change disk sectors & also contains a disassembler. File
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restoration utility: Allows you to recover deleted files. There's
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also a Aatalog repair utility.
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BOOTING AND RUNNING
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-------------------
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Booting with a 16K Ram card, LanguAge card, Apple -/e:
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Mr. Fixit is loaded into the RAM card if you have a 16K RAM card, a
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language card or an Apple //e. It won't be necessary to reload after
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mOst functions arE performed. At the Applesoft prompt type '&' and
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RETURN to re-enter Mr. Fixit.
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Booting without 16K RAM, Language card, Apple //e:
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-------------------------------------------------
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Mr. Fixit will be loaded into the program area. After you run a BASIC
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program or perform a DOS function (if you've overwritten page 3 in
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RAM), you'll have to reload Mr. Fixit.
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DISK SCAN UTILITY
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----------------
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This utility won't scan copy protected disks.
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ESC = Abort scan
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The scan will start with the first track and sector (T0,S0). As the
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scan progresses, the current track and sector number will be dIsplayed
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in hexidecimal on the fifth line along with the status of each
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sector. The Scan will report each flawed sector on a separate line.
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When the scan is completed, you can print the results by typing 'P'
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when the prompt appears. This will print the result to a standard
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Apple printer uith the card in sLot one.
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Interpreting the Scan
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---------------------
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TRACK/SECTOR nn/n FLAWED BUT READABLE. When you see this message for
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any track, your disk is still ok, but it would be wise to make a copy
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of it immediately using the Mr Fixit Copy Utility.
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TRACK/SECTOR nn/n UNREADABLE. You will not be able to copy the disk
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with COPYA.
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The Copy Utility will copy the disk, but any unreadable sectors will
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be filled with hex FF in the copy.
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You may choose to use either the Mr. Fixit Copy Utility or the Mr.
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Fixit Edit Utility to recover a disk with unreadable sectors. The Edit
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utility will read some flawed sectors into memory, so if you're
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familiar with what should be on the disk, you may be able to recover
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everything.
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First 3 tracks flawed -- Systems Image Clobbered. An easy fix is to
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INIT another disk and FID your files to it.
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Track 11 Flawed - VTOC Errors. To fix these disks, run the Catalog
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Repair Utility. Before you start to fix the catalog track, you should
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make a backup copy of the disk with the Copy Utility.
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THE DISK EDIT UTILITY (DEU)
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---------------------------
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All standard DOS 3.3, Pascal, and CP/M disks can be edited with the
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utility. Most copy protected disks can't be read with DEU. DEU works
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with individual sectors. With DEU you can read a sector from the disk,
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change the sector in memory and then write the changed sector back to
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a disk. The Edit utility also lets you "dis-assemble" modules into
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6502 mnemonics.
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Overview of DEU:
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1. Diskette Parameters Line - Shows the track, sector, slot and drive.
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2. Command Line - Wher you enter your commands and change sector data one
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byte (character) at a time.
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3. Sector Display Area - Where you enter your commands and change sector
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data one byte at a time.
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E = Edit
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ESC = Return to commande mode from edit
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H = Help
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M = Return to main menu
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R = Read sector
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CTRL Q = Quit Mr Fixit
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CTRL RESET = Restart DEU
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& <RETURN> = Re-enter DEU from Applesoft
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CTRL Y = Re-enter DEU from monitor
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(These work unless you've overwritten DEU (to page 3 of RAM)
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CHANGING DISKETTE PARAMETERS
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----------------------------
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T = change track # (0-22 hex)
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S = change sector # (0-0F hex)
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D = change drive # (1 or 2)
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CTRL S = change slot # (1-7)
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ESC = aborts change
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OPTIONS AFTER READING A SECTOR
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------------------------------
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1. Change which sector is displayed
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2. Change the display to ASCII
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3. Print display
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4. Dis-assemble the Binary files
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5. Edit the sector buffer
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6. Write the edited sector buffer to a disk
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7. Copy sectors
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-> Reads the next sector
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<- Reads the previous sector
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. Increases the sector # by one without doing a read
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, Decreases the sector # by one without doing a read
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FLAWED SECTORS - SPECIAL READ (CTRL R)
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If a sector can't be read because it's flawed, pressing CTRL-R will
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tell DEU to read the sector ignoring some of the error checking code
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(e.g. checksum). If the sector isn't badly flawed it can be read and
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then written back to the diskette. Sometimes repeated reads of a
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flawed sector can't get entirely reproducible results. When this
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happens you must use your own judgement as to what should be written
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back to the disk. In cases of badly flawed or copy protected disks the
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edit may not be able to read a sector and return an error message.
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CHANGING THE SECTOR DISPLAY TO ASCII
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------------------------------------
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'A' or CTRL A will toggle the display between ASCII and hex format.
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If your Apple can't display lower case characters, the buffer display
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area may not display the proper ASCII character. Since the Apple can't
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display inverse lower case characters, erroneous characters may be
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displayed in the inverse cell. Also, any ASCII character with a value
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greater than 60 hex will display improperly in the inverse cell.
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Inverse Mode for Control Characters. The ASCII format displays control
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characters in the inverse mode. Negative ASCII (most significant bit =
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1) and positive ASCII (most significant bit = 0) characters are not
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differentia- ted. This is important since DOS 3.3 TEXT files are
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stored as negative ASCII characters and CP/M files are stored as
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positive ASCII characters.
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PRINTING THE SECTOR BUFFER (CTRL P)
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-----------------------------------
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Printing the display screen CTRL P. The screen contents can be printed
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on any standard printer configured to slot 1 by pressing CTRL P. If
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the ASCII format is in effect, the control characters will be printed
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as blanks, because many printers use control characters to perform
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special functions. Printing can be stopped by pressing the (ESC)
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key.
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The Disk Dis-assembler
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----------------------
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Pressing the 'L' key dis-assembles the contents of the sector buffer
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into 6502 mnemonics. A word of caution here.
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Since the last one or two bytes of the buffer may contain an
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incomplete instruction, the last dis-assembled instruc tion may be
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incorrect. An error may be persent if the last instruction is a
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two-byte instruction with the second byte 00, or if it is a three byte
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instruction with the third or second and third bytes 00. The check is
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to examine the sector buffer for the contents of the last two bytes.
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The disassembler always starts the dis-assembly with the first byte in
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the sector buffer. The dis-assembly can be printed on any standard
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printer configured to slot 1 by pressing CTRL L. Ppinting can be
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stopped by pressing the (ESC) key.
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EDITING THE BUFFER
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------------------
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To edit the sector buffer enter 'E' on the command line followed by
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the hexidecimal buffer cell # of the byte you want to change. Then
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press the space bar to enter the editor. The buffer cell # may be
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omitted in which case 'E' followed by space bar will give you buffer
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celL #00.
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The edit mode is exited by pressing the (ESC) key. The sector display
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will still be on the screen and you can print it (CTRL P),
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dis-assemble it (L), copy it (CTRL C), etc.
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After entering the edit mode the selected buffer cell is displayed in
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inverse
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-> Move to next buffer cell (increases buffer cell # in command line
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by 1 and display next byte in inverse mode.)
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<- Move to previous buffer cell (decrease buffer cell # in command
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line by 1 and display previous byte in inverse model
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CHANGING A BYTE IN THE BUFFER CELL
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-----------------------------------
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The current buffer cell is changed by enteping the new value in hex
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and pressing the space bar or the arrou keys. If an error is made
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either type until the correct value is displayed or erase the input
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with CTRL X.
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ENTERING ASCII (TEXT) DATA
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--------------------------
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The edit mode permits the direct entry of ASCII characters. Enclose
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the ASCII value you want in single quotes (e.g. 'B') for negative
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ASCII or double qutoes (e.g. "B") for positive ASCII. The first
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quotation mark and the last quotation mark must be of the same type.
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Just as with hexidecimal changes, you can change mnly one byte (ole
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ASCII character) of the sector buffer at a time. CTRL X and ESC CANNOT
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be entered this way - they must be entered as hex values (CTRL X will
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cancel the input, ESC will exit the edit mode). Double and single
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quotation marks should be entered as hex values.
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If you type the wrong ASCII value, just keep typing until the value
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you want is displayed on the commanD line.
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The ASCII character is placed in the buffer aell by pressing the space
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bar or either arrow key.
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Press CTRL W to write the sector buffer to the disk. Once a sector has
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been altered, its original contents are lost.
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The copy function is available for systems having two drives in the
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same slot. Press CTRL C writes the contents of the sector buffer to
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the same track/sector on the disk in drive 2. The sector is increased
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by one and the disk in drive 1 is read to the sector buffer.
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THE DISK COPY UTILITY
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---------------------
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The difference between this copy program and DOS COPYA is that this
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copy will attempt to copy flawed sectors, If they copy finds a sector
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it can't read, it reports an error and writes a sector of hex FF (that
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is, it doesn't copy any- thing it can't read from the flawed sector,
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it just fills the sector on the new disk with a 'code'). Because of Mr
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Fixit's attempts to copy flawed disks, this copy takes much longer
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than COPYA.
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The Disk Copy Utility works on standard DOS 3.3, CP/M, & PASCAL
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formatted disks.
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This utility doesn't support copy protected disks. It will report all
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tracks as unreadable (copying FF to all sectors) on most copy
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protected disks.
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The copy does three steps for each track. The line after the line
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labeled "PRESS THE ESC", tells you which of these steps the copy is
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in:
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1. Track nn Read - Reads a track from the disk to be copied into
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memory. 2. Formatting disk - Formats the corresponding track on the
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disk receiving the copy. 3. Track nn Copied - Writes the memory copy
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of the original disk track (DRIVE 1) to the corresponding track on the
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disk receiving the copy.
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If you have only one drive, you'll have to swap between the original
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disk and the disk receiving the copy for each track. Mr Fixit will
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prompt you when it needs a disk swap. So during the copy, you will see
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the following series of four screens for each track:
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1. A screen prompting you to place the original disk into the drive.
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2. A screen letting you know that a track from the original disk is
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being copied into memory.
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3. A screen prompting you to place the disk to receive the copy into
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the drive.
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4. A screen showing the results of the copy for that track. As
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screen 1 and screen 3 display, put the requested disk in the drive,
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and press the space barto continue the copy.
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To return to the Copy sub-menu type (ESC).
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If there's a read error during the copy it will try to read the sector
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3 times using a modified RWTS.
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When this happens one of three error messages may be displayed on the
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fourth line of the screen (in place of the 'Track nn Copied' message.
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Track nn Flawed, Reliably Read: means at least two of the three reads
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were identical and the sector (as it was on the two matching reads) is
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written to the receiving disk. If this error message is the only error
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displayed through out the copy run, your disk should be ok.
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Track nn Flawed, Unreliably Read: none of the three reads agreed. The
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data stored from the last read is written to the receiving disk. If
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you receive this message only once duting the copy, the disk receiving
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the copy may have some invalid data. If the disk was a program disk,
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you can try to run the programs to make sure they all work properly.
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If it is a data disk, you can run the programs to make sure they all
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work properly, or disply the data on the screen using ASCII mode of
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the Edit utility of Mr Fixit to make sure all the data on the disk is
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correct.
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Track nn Flawed, Unreadable: This means Mr Fixit couldn't read the
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sector. After three attempts, Mr Fixit stops trying to read he sector
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and writes a code (hexFF) to the sector on the receiving copy.
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FILE RESTORATION UTILITY
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------------------------
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Will restore most deleted files. This utility uses only drive 1. When
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you've written on a disk after a delete, this utility may not restore
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the file. There are four error messages from this utility:
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T/S list overwritten: means that the file may still be intact, but DOS
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doesn't know where the file is. It means the track/sector list no
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longer has a 'pointer' to locate the file.
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File Overwritten, File not Restored
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Disk Write protected
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Drive Error
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CATALOG REPAIR UTILITY
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----------------------
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The Catalog Repair Utility repairs disks with damaged catalogs to full
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operation Symtoms of catalog damage include I/O errors with executing
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the DOS CATALOG command or files suddenly disappearing from the
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catalog listing. You get these errors because the catalog, which
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contains the information DOS needs to locate and reserve sectors for
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each file saved on the disk, doesn't look like DOS expected to look at
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it.
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The first thing to do when a disk is giving I/O ERROR messages or
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won't CATALOG properly is to use the Disk Copy Utility to make a
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working copy of the damaged disk. Place the working copy in drive 1
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and select the Catalog Repair Utility
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First, the repair utility checks the first five bytes of each of the
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16 sectors on track 11 hex. These bytes must have certain values on
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properly formatted sectors. If these bytes have improper values, the
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repair utility assumes the sector has been clobbered. When sector 0 is
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clobbered the VTOC is damaged and a message is written to the screen,
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When any of the remaining sectors are clobbered the directory (or
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catalog) damaged and this is reported to the screen.
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If the VTOC alone is damaged, then a check is made against the
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directory for saved files, and the VTOC is reconstructed.
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If the directory alone is damaged, the disk is searched for
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track/sector lists. The track/sector lists are checked against the
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VTOC and the remaining good directory sectors. The lost files are
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identified and written back to the damaged directory sector.
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If the VTOC and directory sectors are damaaged, a search for
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track/sector lists is made. The VTOC is rebuilt to show all sectors
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used. All the track sectors not identifiable with files on the
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undamaged directory sectors are written to the remaining directory
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sectors as saved files.
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When the VTOC and catalog are damaged the Catalog Repair Utility
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attempts to recover all files (including files which may have been
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deleted and overwritten the damage catalog no longer contains the
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information necessary to do anything else). Also, when the damage is
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this bad, somd of the file names have been lost When the file name is
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lost, the Catalog Repair will give the file a 'dummy' name 'FILE n'
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where n is just a sequence number. Finally, the file type designation
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is lost when the name is lost, so the type preceding the name of all
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FILEn files is only an 'educated guess'.
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FIXING A DISK WITH VTOC AND CATALOG DAMAGE
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------------------------------------------
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1. Get a catalog list with sub-menu 4
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2. Use sub-menu 3 to change file types
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3. Use sub-menu 2 to rename File n files
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4. Working from the new catalog list, decide which files are no
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longer needed and delete them.
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CATALOG THE DISK:
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Each file with the name FILE n is a file which was "lost." You should
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replace the File n name with the "lost" name. Before you rename the
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files, make sure the file types are correct.
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Checking the File Type Designatioin:
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The Catalog Repair Utility must look into each file with a FILE n name
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to determine whether it is an A,I,B or T type file. The correct file
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type will be assigned in the majority of cases. It's possible,
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although unlikely, the Catalog Repair Utility can be fooled and assign
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the wrong file type. It's for this reason that the File Type Change
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Utility is provided. The utility will prompt you on how to change the
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file type of a specific file. Keep changing file types until you get
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your program to run.
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The Catalog Repair Utility contains a menu for renaming files. This
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program is available so you don't have to leave the utility to rename
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the file. Don't attempt to identify a file by its position in the
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catalog listing. The Catalog Repair Utility often juggles the order of
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the catalog listing while it's doing it's magic.
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