145 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
145 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
PrimoPyro1990
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.... SMOKE FORMULAS ....
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DISCLAIMER: The following file contains information of harmful or illegal
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nature. Neither the BBS or author providing this information
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can be considered responsible for the use of this file.
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The person using this knowledge is solely responsible for
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it's use or misuse. This file is intended to educate only.
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Smokes are used mainly for screening purposes, so with this in mind this
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file will concern itself mainly with white smoke. Smokes are mists or part-
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icles suspended in the air. They remain suspended there until through envir-
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omental conditions or static charge, they begin to attract each other or are
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dispersed.
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There are three ways to produce smokes: 1) Vaporizing oil, 2) Spraying a
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reactive chemical in the air, 3) Burning a pyrotechnic mixture that releases
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a smoke forming chemical.
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1) When oil is used to make smoke the oil is sprayed into a device that heats
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it up in a flash. The resulting oil vapor is exhausted to the air and when it
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cools down it condenses into a mist. Remember the kerosene or propane fueled
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insect fogger? This works on the same principal.
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2) Certain chemicals react with the water in the air to produce a fog. As an
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example there are Titanium Tetrachloride, Tin Tetrachloride, Chlorosulfonic
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Acid, and Silicon Tetrachloride.
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Perhaps the easiest to secure of these is titanium tetrachloride. If these
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chemicals are used, keep in mind that they are corrosive so any spraying
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equipment must be constructed of stainless steel or suitable material. You
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can use titanium tet. by simply taping a small explosive charge onto a
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bottle of the stuff. Just watch out for the glass fragments. Titanium tet.
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usually comes in a sealed bottle that if opened cannot be sealed again.
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3) Pyrotechnic formulas are made that either through a chemical reaction form
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a smoke producing chemical or the heat released from burning the mixture
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vaporizes a smoke producing chemical.
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The first type of mixture forms chemicals such as aluminum chloride, zinc
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chloride, zinc oxide, or sulfur dioxide. The second type of mixture uses
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chemicals such as ammonium chloride, napthalene, or anthracene which are
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vaporized without decomposition. When using mixtures containing a hydrocarbon
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such as napthalene, care must be taken that the hot vapor does not catch fire
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when it hits the open air. This will cause the amount of smoke to decrease
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or cease alltogether. For this reason a chemical that produces carbon dioxide
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when heated is added to the mixture. Following are some formulas of both
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type 1 and 2. Also volatile chemicals such as napthalene oe hexachloroethane
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can sublimate from these mixtures so they must be sealed airtight.
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ALL FORMULAS BY WEIGHT
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Type 1 formulas: Potassium Chlorate 20 - 30%
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Ammonium Chloride 50%
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Napthalene 20%
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Charcoal 0 - 10%
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Usually it is not safe to use an ammonium salt and a chlorate together in a
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mixture but in this case this mixture is usually pretty stable with a storage
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life of about 10 years if kept dry. If there is a problem with flaming when
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this formula is used, decrease the ammonium chloride by about 5% and add
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5% sodium bicarbonate.
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Potassium Chlorate 60%
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Lactose 20%
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Ammonium Chloride 20%
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This is a fairly good formula but may not give as much as smoke as the first.
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Potassium Nitrate 60%
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Sugar 40%
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Combine these 2 chemicals in a small amount of boiling water. Pour the mix
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out onto a sheet of plastic and while it dries, start breaking it into small
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pieces. When it is dry, grind it into a powder in a non-sparking mortar and
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pestle. Add to it 80% by weight of ammonium chloride. I have had some success
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with this mix. You can decrease the amount of chloride for better burning.
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Type 2 formulas: Sulfur 55%
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Potassium Nitrate 40%
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Fine Charcoal 5%
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Mix these chemicals together well and be sure the mixture is free of sulfur
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chunks. This is slow burning and the smoke consists of sulfur trioxide,
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sulfur dioxide and vaporized sulfur.
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Hexachloroethane 45%
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Zinc Oxide 45%
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Fine Aluminum 10%
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This mixture was used in the american armed forces and is known as HC. A
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charge with a weight of about 8 oz. can produce over 100,000 cu. ft. of a
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dense gray white smoke. If the aluminum is not a fine powder it will be
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almost impossible to ignite.
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Hexachloroethane 53%
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Zinc Dust 44%
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Magnesium Oxide 3%
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This formula is similar to HC. The smoke consists of zinc chloride.
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Hexachloroethane 45%
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Zinc Oxide 45%
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Calcium Silicide 10%
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This is an interesting formula. In addition to producing a zinc chloride
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smoke, it also forms silicon tetrachloride which reacts with moisture in the
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air to produce silicic acid which is a smoke agent in itself.
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Hexachloroethane 40 - 45%
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Zinc Oxide 20 - 40%
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Ammonium Perchlorate 35 - 10%
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Powdered Charcoal 5%
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This is a newer formula and is mixed after being dampened with a 5% PVC
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solution (use PVC pipe primer as a solvent). The rate of burning depends on
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the amount of ammonium perchlorate. The smoke consists of ammonium chloride,
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and zinc chloride.
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Magnesium Powder 8%
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Red Phosphorous 51%
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Manganese Dioxide 35%
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Zinc Oxide 3%
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Linseed Oil 3%
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This formula which contains red phosphorous is very good as phosphorous is
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the best masking smoke agent. Red phosphorous is very easily ignited so mix
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this chemical when dampened with a small amount of alcohol. It produces a
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complex smoke of phosphorous anhydride which reacts with moisture in the air.
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These formulas are usually contained in a stout cardboard cylinder which has
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a number of vent holes. A tube with a 1" I.D. 5" long and 1/4'walls is a
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good starting point for any of these formulas. Holes can be drilled in the
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sides of the tube then covered over with tape. A smoke pot is a large can
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that contains at least 2 lbs. of a smoke mixture. These can put out over
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500,000 cu. ft. of smoke.
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Although the above mixtures are not outright poisonous, do not breathe in
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too much of the smoke if possible. Do not use these indoors and be careful of
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accidental fires the smoke bombs can cause.
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*** Kilroy was here ***
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Downloaded From P-80 International Information Systems 304-744-2253
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