138 lines
8.7 KiB
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138 lines
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Shakespeare life history]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [and examination of his ]
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[x]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [plays. ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 07/94 # of Words:1375 School:Public State:NY
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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William Shakespeare was a supreme English poet and playwright,
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universally recognized as the greatest of all the dramatists.
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A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeare's life is lacking;
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much supposition surrounds relatively few facts. His day of birth is
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traditionally held on April 23, and he was baptized on April 24, 1564. He
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was the third of eight children, and was the eldest son of John
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Shakespeare. He was probably educated in a local grammar school. As the
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eldest son, Shakespeare would of taken over his father's business, but
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according to one account, he became a butcher because of reverses in his
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father's financial situation. According to another account, he became a
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school master. That Shakespeare was allowed considerable leisure time in
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his youth is suggested by the fact that his plays show more knowledge of
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hunting and hawking than do those of other dramatists. In 1582, he married
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Anne Hathaway. He is supposed to have left Stratford after he was caught
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poaching in a deer park.
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Shakespeare apparently arrived in London about 1588 and by 1592 had
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attained success as a playwright. The publication of Venus and Adonis, The
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Rape of Lucrece and of his Sonnets established his reputation as a poet in
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the Renaissance manner. Shakespeare's modern reputation is based mainly on
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the 38 plays he wrote, modified, or collaborated on.
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Shakespeare's professional life in London was marked by a number of
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financially advantageous arrangements that permitted him to share in the
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profits of his acting company, the Chamberlain's Men, and its two theaters,
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the Globe and the Blackfriars. His plays were given special presentation
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at the courts of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. After about 1608,
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Shakespeare's dramatic production lessened and he spent more time in
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Stratford. There he established a family in and imposing house, the New
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Place, and became a leading local citizen. He died on April 23, 1616, and
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was buried in the Stratford church.
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Although the precise date of many of Shakespeare's plays is in doubt,
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his dramatic career is divided into four periods: (1) the period up to
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1594, (2) the years from 1594 to 1600, (3) the years from 1600 to 1608, (4)
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the period after 1608. In all periods, the plots of his plays were
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frequently drawn from chronicles, histories, or earlier fiction.
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Shakespeare's first period was one of experimentation. His early plays
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are characterized to a degree of superficial construction and verse. Some
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of the plays from the first period my be no more than retouchings of
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earlier works by others. Four plays dramatizing the English civil strife
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of the 15th century are possibly Shakespeare's earliest dramatic works.
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These plays, Henry VI, Parts I, II, III, and Richard III, deal with the
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evil results of weak leadership. Shakespeare's comedies of the first period
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represent a wide range. The Comedy of Errors depends on its appeal on the
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mistakes in identity between two sets of twins involved in romance and war.
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The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and Love's Labour's
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Lost are all comedies and satires.
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Next, Shakespeare's second period includes his most important plays
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about English history. The second period historical plays include Richard
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II, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V. These plays deal with English
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kings who lose their power to their successors. Outstanding among the
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comedies of the second period is A Midsummer Night's Dream. It is fantasy
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filled and is achieved by the interweaving of several plots involving two
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pairs noble lovers, a group of bumbling townspeople, and members of the
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fantasy realm. Another comedy is The Merchant of Venice which is
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characterized by friendship and romantic love. The witty comedy Much Ado
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About Nothing is marred by an insensitive treatment of its main character.
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Shakespeare's most mature comedies, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, are
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characterized by a hilarious and kindly charm that depends upon the
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attraction of lovely heroines. The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy
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about middle-class life which contains a comic victim of the middle-class.
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One of the two tragedies of this period is Romeo and Juliet. It is famous
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for its poetic treatment of youthful love, and dramatizes the fate of two
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lovers victimized by feuds of their elders. The other, Julius Caesar, is a
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serious tragedy of political rivalries.
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Shakespeare's third period includes his greatest tragedy and his dark
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or bitter comedies. The tragedies of this period are the most profound of
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his works. Hamlet goes far beyond other tragedies of revenge in picturing
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the mingled sordidness and glory of the human condition. Othello the
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growth of unjustified jealously in the protagonist. King Lear deals with
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the consequences of the irresponsibility and misjudgment of an early ruler
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of Britain and his councillor. The tragic outcome is the result of their
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giving power to their evil offspring rather that their good offspring.
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Antony and Cleopatra with a different type of love, namely, the middle-aged
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passion of the Roman general Mark Antony for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra.
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In Macbeth, Shakespeare depicts the tragedy of a basically good man, who
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led on by others, succumbs to ambition. In getting and retaining the
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Scottish throne, Macbeth dulls his humanity to the point where he becomes
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capable of committing any enormity. Three other plays of this period
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suggest a bitterness lacking in these tragedies because the protagonists do
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not seem to possess greatness or tragic stature. In Troilus and Cressida
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The gulf between the ideal and the real, both individually and politically,
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is evoked. In Coriolanus, the Roman hero is portrayed as unable to bring
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himself either to woo the Roman masses or to crush them by force. Timon of
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Athens is a similarly bitter play about a character reduced to nothing by
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ingratification. The two comedies of this period are also dark in mood.
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Of these, All's Well That Ends Well is less significant that Measure for
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Measure which suggests a picture f morality in Christian terms.
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Finally, the fourth period of Shakespeare's work comprises his
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principles tragedies. Toward the end of his career, Shakespeare created
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several plays suggestive of a mood of final resignation in the human lot.
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These plays differ greatly than his other comedies, but ending happily with
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a reunion or final reconciliation. The romantic tragicomedy Pericles,
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Prince of Tyre concerns the character's painful loss of his wife and the
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persecution of his daughter. After many adventures, Pericles is reunited
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with his loved ones. In Cymbeline and The Winter's Tale, domestic
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complication are resolved by restoring loved ones. The most successful
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product of his creativity is his last complete play, The Tempest, in which
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the resolution suggests the beneficial effects of the union of wisdom and
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power. Two final plays include a historical drama, Henry VIII, and The Two
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Noble Kinsmen, a story of two noble friends for one woman.
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Hence, from a poor family, Shakespeare emerged as a great playwright.
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The odds were against him, but he rose to the occasion and wrote over 38
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plays which made him famous throughout the world. He is still considered
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to be the best playwright that ever lived.
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