81 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
81 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
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<20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[x]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on Astronomer ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Ptolemy ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 09/94 # of Words:515 School: ? State: ?
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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Ptolemy of Alexandria was the most influential astronomer of the
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ancient world. The books and theories Ptolemy developed served as a major
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basis for future astronomers. It was during the Renaissance period that
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his work became thoroughly studied and revised.
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Ptolemy collected all ancient knowledge of astronomy and geography
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including it in his book Almagest around 140 A.D. It follows, he then
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wrote a four volume astrological study known as the Tretrabiblos. Ptolemy
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claimed that the scribes of Babylon had been instructed since 750 B.C to
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keep detailed astronomical diaries. These diaries were written for seven
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hundred years on clay tablets. The tablets depicted night-sky events along
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with river level changes and weather phenomena. Modern archaeologists have
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confirmed the claim by unearthing Babylonian tablets recording observations
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of Mars and Venus from that time period.
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Ptolemy used a method of consulting lists of lunar phases, and
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planetary movements complied over many centuries to look for any
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similarities or regular patterns. The patterns that were discovered could
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then predict the next occurrence of such an event. Ptolemy eventually
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devised an ancient form of nautical almanac or "ephemeris". Mathematics
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could now not only be used to predict but to demonstrate whether a
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particular theory was correct or not.
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Ptolemy developed several theories of his own contrary to the beliefs
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of many other Greek astrologers at the time. He upheld that the "heavens"
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consisted of bodies orbiting the earth in a celestial path - this idea was
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supported for some time. Though his views were altered by the Renaissance
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(the sun was now placed at the centre), orbital concepts remain in modern
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astronomy. Ptolemy was familiar with a early type of astroblade. A
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skeleton star map which could be rotated above a solid plate engraved with
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day-curves and hour lines for a specific geographic latitude. Ptolemy
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became the first person to locate places on the earth's surface by latitude
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and longitude.
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Ptolemy often complained about the poor quality of Babylonian
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planetary data. Eclipses and other lunar events were timed with water
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clocks. Other phenomena were not always reported in the greatest
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scientific detail and some accounts were exaggerated. Astronomers made a
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several series of observations to reduce the effect of one individual
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error. Little thought was given to formulating new methods of accurate and
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scientific data recording.
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Ptolemy carefully distinguishes between forecasts related only to the
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sky and those connected to the human world. He states that it is possible
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to read human fate in the stars. Strangely, Ptolemy, as did other
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astrologers of that time period all agreed that the Dog Star was red.
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Today the Dog Star is blue white. No modern theory of stellar evolution
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can account for such a colour change.
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Overall, Ptolemy made several significant contributions to astronomy.
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The collection of ancient astronomy information in his books preserved many
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early theories. Although incorrect, Ptolemy's centre of the universe
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theory influenced orbital thinking. The greatest achievement Ptolemy
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conceived was his method of locating specific places using a sort of astro
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blade. This astro-blade creation would not be generally used until 1540 due
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to material limitations.
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