102 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
102 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on the life and ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [work of Pascal. ]
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[x]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 07/94 # of Words:682 School:public State:NY
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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Grade 11 Math Essay - Blaise Pascal
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by Toni Lintunen
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Introduction
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Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 in Clermont Ferrand. His
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nationality was french. He died in 1662. He was credited for his
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imaginative and subtle work in geometry and other branches of mathematics.
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His work influenced later generations of theologians and philosophers,
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helping make mathematics what it is today. Blaise Pascal is considered part
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of the foundation of the very heart of mathematics.
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History
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At age 12 he mastered Euclid's Elements. In 1645, he invented and
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sold the first adding machine. His study of hydrostatics led to the
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invention of the syringe and hydraulic press. At age 16, he formulated the
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basic theorems of projective geometry. These theorems became known as
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Pascal's theorem. He proved that the level of mercury column in a
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barometer is determined by the increase or decrease in the surrounding
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atmospheric pressure. This discovery verified the hypothesis of the Italian
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physicist Evangelista Torricelli, concerning the effect of atmospheric
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pressure on the equilibrium of liquids.
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After publishing Essay pour les coniques (Essay on conic sections),
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Pascal temporarily abandoned the study of mathematics due to poor health.
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He lived in Paris for a while in a frivolous manner as a break. His
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interest in probability theory of the odds in gambling games lead him to
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discover the Theory of probability in conjunction with Pierre de Fermat.
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This theory dealt with the actuarial, mathematical, social statistics, and
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calculations used in today's modern theoretical physics. At the end of
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1654, after several months of depression, Pascal had a life altering
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religious experience. He entered the Jansenist monastery in Port Royal.
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Here, he never published his own name again in his mathematical studies.
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He wrote a pseudonym to help in the struggle against the Jesuits for the
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defense of the Jansenist, Antoine Arnauld. In 1658, he broke with the
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Jansenists, and left the monastery. Pascal died on August 19, 1662 from
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cancer, at age 39. In his life, his most famous work was perhaps Pensees
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(thoughts). This was a set of deeply personal meditations in a somewhat
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fragmented form on human suffering and faith in God. Another famous work
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of his was called "Pascal's Wager." This expressed the conviction that
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belief in God is rational: If God does not exist, one stands to lose
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nothing by believing in him anyway, whereas if he does exist, one stands to
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lose everything by not believing.
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Pascal's Gears
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Pascal's Gears were the first mechanical computing machine ever
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invented. It was invented in 1642. This machine consisted of a series of
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interlocking discs and gears, hence the name Pascal's Gears. Each gear had
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one of the digits from 0 to 9 engraved on it. A complete turn of any gear
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caused the gear to its left to make one-tenth of a turn, displaying the
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next highest number. This mechanism was used in calculators and adding
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machines up until the 1960's. The concept of Pascal's Gears is still being
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used today in mechanical car odometers.
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Pascal's Law
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This was perhaps his most important piece of work he has ever done.
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Written in 1653, it stated that in a fluid at rest, pressure on any surface
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exerts a force perpendicular to the surface and independent of the
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direction of orientation of the surface. The law is sometimes assumed to
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include the principle that any additional pressure applied to a fluid will
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be transmitted equally to every point in the fluid. This law is the basis
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of machines involving hydraulic systems.
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Conclusion
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Pascal has proven to be a very unique individual in the time that he
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had lived. He discovered very essential concepts of mathematics making it
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the way it is today. At the same time, he dwelled in philosophical and
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religious ideas and concepts. One common trend in both areas he studied,
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is the use of logic. The use of logic, being the heart of mathematics, was
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the basis of his philosophical and religious aspects of his life. These
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parts of his life revolved around logic and order. Logic, what answered
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his mathematical ponderings, also answered the questions he asked about
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life itself.
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