116 lines
7.2 KiB
Plaintext
116 lines
7.2 KiB
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on the Dreyfus ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Affair and how it was ]
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[ ]11-12 [ ]Essay/Report [caused by Anti- ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [Semitism ]
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Dizzed: 11/94 # of Words:1000 School: ? State: ?
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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The two men brought forth grave accusation, Henry said: an impeachable
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gentleman of war, warned me there was a traitor on staff and pointed to
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Alfred Dreyfus while shouting "he's right over there."(3) When asked to
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reveal his source by Dreyfus's lawyer, the court came to Henry's defense
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stating they understood why military men have to kept in secret. Then
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General Mercier introduced a man of strange background, his name was
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Mercier de Paty de Clam. Clam drew a fake file on Dreyfus to show him that
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he was indeed guilty of treason.
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The evidence now, true or false, was enough to send Alfred Dreyfus to
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prison for life, he was condemned and degraded in public. The scene of his
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conviction was said "it could make a man sick on sight."(4) His trousers
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had their stripes ripped off by the mob, his sword was broken in two while
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the mob spat and shouted: "Death to the Jew!" Alfred Dreyfus was shipped to
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Devil's Island to suffer the deadly and harsh conditions, to be tortured on
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an island from which he couldn't escape from anyway.
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There were still a few minds who believed in Dreyfus's innocence, such
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as, his wife and brother; Golgar Demange, a highly respected devout
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catholic; and even Captain George Picquart.(5) George Picquart was one of
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the main figures in the unravelling of the Dreyfus affair, he was the
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officer asked by his supervisor to look into Dreyfus's motives. Picquart
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found many flaws and peculiar things,in his research and in March 1896
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another letter which they called the "petit bleu," was intercepted by
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French intelligence. This puzzled Picquart, an investigation was now to be
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ordered on Esterhazv, who's name was found on it. Esterhazv, a captain of
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regiment, had been constantly applying for General Staff Intelligence and
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he was being backed by a familiar figure, Major Hubert Henry.
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At this time France's state was being questioned, morality and
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injustice where the two large issues. The people backed Henry even if he
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was lying, because to them it was patriotic and for the honour of France.
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No concern was taken for the injustice which was hurled upon an innocent
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man, instead their was talk about a large scale deportation of all Jews.
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However, there were non-Jews who were now questioning the Dreyfus affair of
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these included men of power such as government officials. Pressure was
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being put on the army to review the case, by George Picquart as well.
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Picquart had noticed something very peculiar about the "Petit bleu" and
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when he realized it was the hand writing he immediately called handwriting
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experts to confirm this, who did agree with him. He then approached
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General Gonse and to a great dismay found that he was being shut out and
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told to keep silent about it. But Picquart was of a different type of man,
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he wanted justice to be done, so he went to the papers to be heard. Now
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this brought on Mathieu Dreyfus, Alfred's brother, who accused Esterhazy as
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the author of the Bordereau. Esterhazy demanded he be court-martialled and
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he was along with Picquart, both sent to prison.
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Another person took on the challenge now, on the day of January 13th a
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Republic Novelist by the name of Emile Zola wrote the article "J'accuse,",
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"I accuse" revealed Paty du Clam as a forger. He was charged for writing
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this, fined 3,000 francs, and put in prison. Emile Zola was a strong
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believer in the innocence of Alfred Dreyfus but on the other end of the
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scale was the new War Minister by the name of Godefroy Carvaignac believed
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that Dreyfus was guilty to the fullest degree. On July 17, 1898, he gave a
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speech in the Chamber stating that Dreyfus Affair was finally finished. He
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also brought out a document declaring them as proof of Dreyfus's guilt.
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The forged document contained Dreyfus's name written by the attache.
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The next changing step in the affair was the appointment of a young
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officer to look into the forgery accusations, Captain Louis Cuignet had to
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re-examine the file on Dreyfus in order to be sure that nothing had been
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forged, but to the surprise of the one who appointed him, Cavaignei
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Cuignet, found some interesting results. After all was said and done,
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Alfred Dreyfus was acquitted of his charges with a full pardon, he also
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regained his position in the army as well as Picquart, and Henry commited
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suicide.
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Throughout history there has been many cases of similar feeling that
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have caused injustice as a result of the instances. We have seen it in
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Modern history and ancient history with blacks facing cruel and unfair
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treatment in South Africa and the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela; the
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persecution of and extermination of Jews in the second World War by Adolf
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Hitler. These can be paralleled to the Dreyfus case in question. However,
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one case of Modern time that can be considered the closest on a social
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level, in my opinion, showing the feeling of a State towards a person, was
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the Donald Marshall case. Donald Marshall was an Indian native in Nova
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Scotia who was accused of murdering an old man, like Dreyfus he was
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presumed guilty from the beginning due to the anti-Indian mentality. The
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Dreyfus Affair has tarnished the face of France's history, and has been
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carried through the ages. I believe that it should be a lesson to mankind
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on the subject of racism in the world. Thesis
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Man has been known to develop emotions and feeling toward people of
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another breed, culture or race. They have proved this through history over
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and over, and as they say history repeats itself, it still exists in
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societies today. There will always be some injustice in the world that
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might never be overcome. The subject to be examined in this essay will
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show the injustice and a result of anti-semantic feelings on France, and it
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will prove that the Dreyfus Affair was a result of anti-semitism.
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