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4.4 KiB
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85 lines
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<20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[x]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Report on 3 Toronto ]
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[ ]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [scientists which may ]
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[ ]11-12 [ ]Essay/Report [have found a way to ]
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[ ]College [x]Misc [reverse diabetes. ]
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Dizzed: 09/94 # of Words:426 School: ? State: ?
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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============================================================
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Transplants and Diabetes <Uploaded: January 24>
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Three Toronto scientists have developed an organ transplant
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procedure that could, among its many benefits, reverse
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diabetes.
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The procedure was developed by Bernard Leibel, Julio Martin
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and Walter Zingg at the University of Toronto and the
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Hospital for Sick Children.
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The story of their work began in 1978, when they delved into
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research which had never before been tried. They wanted to
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determine if the success rate of organ transplants would
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increase if the recipient was injected with
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minute amounts of organ tissue prior to the transplant. The
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intention was to adapt the recipient to the transplanted
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tissue and thereby raise the threshold of rejection.
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In the case of the diabetes experiment, this meant injecting
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rats with pancreatic tissue before transplanting islets of
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Langerhans, small clusters of cells scattered throughout the
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pancreas which produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
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In their first experiment, outbred Wistar rats were injected
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with increasing amounts of minced pancreas from unrelated
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donor rats for one year while a control group was left
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untreated. Then both the treated and control groups received
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injections of approximately 500-800 islets of Langerhans
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from unrelated donors. Of the five treated animals, two
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became clinically and biochemically permanently normal. Six
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months later, Martin examined the cured rats and found
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intact, functioning islets secreting all of their hormones,
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including insulin. None of the controls were cured.
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Encouraged by their first results, Leibel, Martin, and Zingg
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decided to repeat the experiment with rats with much
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stronger immune barriers (higher levels of rejection). Seven
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rats out of nine were cured. "We set up a protocol and
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worked patiently with small numbers," says Leibel, "but the
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results are indisputable."
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In addition to reversing diabetes, there are two other
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benefits to the pre-treatment procedure, according to the
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scientists. The first is that the pancreas produces all the
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other hormones of a normal pancreas, not just insulin. The
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second benefit is that the transplant recipient doesn't have
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to take immunosuppressive drugs, which are so toxic for
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diabetics. At present, diabetics who receive a transplanted
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pancreas must take such drugs for life.
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The scientists eventual goal is a human trial, but they
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admit it will be years before such a study is conducted. The
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obvious benefit for diabetics, if human trials prove
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successful, would be a return to a normal life without
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dietary restrictions or insulin shots. But to Liebel, the
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most important reason to continue research is to eliminate
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the debilitating, degenerative diseases such as kidney, eye
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and heart failure that eventually plague the aging diabetic.
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