125 lines
7.2 KiB
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125 lines
7.2 KiB
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Report on the history of]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [Animal Farm. ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 08/94 # of Words:966 School:Public State:NY
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO "ANIMAL FARM"
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Karl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century. He
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sp most of his life studying, thinking and writing about history and
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economics. A many years of study, much of it spent in England, he believed
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that he understo more deeply than anyone who had ever lived before him why
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there is injustice i world.
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He said that all injustice and inequality is a result of one
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underlying conflict in society. He called it a 'class struggle', that is,
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a conflict bet the class of people who can afford to own money- producing
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businesses, whom he called 'capitalists' or 'the bourgeosie', and the
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class of people who do not surplus money to buy businesses and who are
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therefore forced to work for wage whom he called 'workers'.
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Marx said that, because it was always in the economic interest of
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capita to take advantage of or 'exploit' workers, nothing could persuade
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capitalists change their ways. In other words, peaceful progess toward
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equality and socia justice was impossible. The only way to establish
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justice, he said, was for t workers to overthrow the capitalists by means
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of violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt against
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their rulers. "Workers of the worl unite!" he wrote. "You have nothing to
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lose but your chains."
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Another thing Marx taught was that organized religion, the churches,
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help capitalists to keep the workers quiet and obedient. Religion,
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according to Mar 'the opiate of the masses'. The church tells working
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people to forget about th injustice they meet in their lives and to think
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instead of how wonderful it wi in the after- life when they go to heaven.
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Marx, with his colleague, Engels, spread his ideas in two famous
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books, Capital' and 'The Communist Manifesto'.
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In the early years of the twentieth century, Russia was ready for the
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ide Marx. The Russian people were extremely discontented with their ruler,
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Tsar Nicholas II, who had little interest in governing and was neglecting
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the count badly. Making conditions even more miserable for the people were
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the hardships the First World War and a particularly cold winter.
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By 1917, the Russian people were desperate enough to accept a
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revolution. fact, they got two for the price of one, the first in March
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when the Tsar was deposed and a provisional government was set up. Then in
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November a political called the Bolsheviks led a further rebellion which
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ousted the provisional government. The leaders of the Bolsheviks, Lenin and
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Trotsky, began to build a Russia, one built on the ideas of Marx, where
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everyone was equal, where all property was owned by 'the people' rather
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than by capitalists and where the wo were in control of the goernment.
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Not long afterward, Communist Russia was attacked by Britain, America
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and France, who wanted to get rid of the communist government. They were
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afraid th workers in their own countries might be inspired to imitate the
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example of Rus Trotsky, a highly intelligent and energetic communist
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leader, led the defence Russia with great success.
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After Lenin's death in 1924, a power struggle began between Trotsky
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and a leader within the Communist Party named Stalin. While Trotsky was a
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brilliant intellectual and an idealist, Stalin was a simpler, quieter sort
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of person, wh based his power not so much on plans and ideas as on
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alliances with other memb of the Communist Party. While Trotsky believed in
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Russia's trying to assist wo all over the world to rise up in communist
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revolutions against their bosses, S wanted Russia to take care of its own
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business.
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The rivalry between the two leaders went on for several years.
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Eventually 1929 Stalin gained the upper hand and drove Trotsky from Russia.
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Stalin later up a scheme to industrialise the backward country which he
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called the Five-Yea Plan. It included a number of Trotsky's ideas which
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Stalin had previously oppo
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As Russia developed under Stalin, members of the Communist Party took
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for themselves many privileges. All the original communist ideals of Marx
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received service, but it became clearer and clearer that members of the
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Communist Party becoming a ruling class that was not equal to non-members.
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Most important of all to Stalin was ensuring that he remained in
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power. H often used the most brutal tactics. Chief among his creations were
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two highly effective political weapons - an efficient propaganda machine
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which more and m promoted the idea of Stalin as a great, nearly god-like
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leader, and a secret p force which kept the country quiet through the use
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of terror. At one point dur his rule, he organized 'Show Trials' in which
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many of the people he did not li strangely 'confessed' to very serious
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crimes and were executed or sent to har prison camps.
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Eventually Stalin began trading with non-communist countries of
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western Europe, although he continued to be hostile to Germany. Then, in a
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shocking ab face in 1939, he suddenly signed a non-agression pact with
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Hitler. Not long afterward, though, Hitler broke this agreement and
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attacked Russia. In 1941 St was forced to enter World War II and make an
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alliance with Britain and America
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This takes us up to the time of the writing of Animal Farm - 1944. As
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you see, nearly every event in the novel can be traced directly to an event
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in Rus during the period from 1900-1943. An interesting project is to list
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the events the novel and match them up with the real events which Orwell
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intended to sati In fact, the story has many, many similarities to the real
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historical events, of them very detailed. For example, the digging up of
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Major's skull, and the h destroying their own eggs, both refer to specific
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events that took place durin rule of Stalin.
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