238 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
238 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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ZAMBIA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 752,610 km2; land area: 740,720 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Texas
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Land boundaries: 5,664 km total; Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km,
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Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km,
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Zimbabwe 797 km
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Coastline: none--landlocked
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Maritime claims: none--landlocked
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Disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in
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disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no
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longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of
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the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
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Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to
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April)
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Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
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Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds,
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gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential
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Land use: arable land 7%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
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pastures 47%; forest and woodland 27%; other 19%; includes irrigated
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NEGL%
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Environment: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
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Note: landlocked
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PEOPLE
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Population: 8,445,724 (July 1991), growth rate 3.5% (1991)
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Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: - 2 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 79 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 55 years male, 58 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Zambian(s); adjective--Zambian
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Ethnic divisions: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
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Religion: Christian 50-75%, Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous
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beliefs 1%
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Language: English (official); about 70 indigenous languages
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Literacy: 73% (male 81%, female 65%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 2,455,000; 85% agriculture; 6% mining, manufacturing,
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and construction; 9% transport and services
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Organized labor: about 238,000 wage earners are unionized
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Zambia
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Type: multiparty system; on 17 December 1990, President Kenneth
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KAUNDA signed into law the constitutional amendment that officially
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reintroduced the multiparty system in Zambia and ending 17 years of
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one-party rule
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Capital: Lusaka
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Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt,
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Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
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Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK; formerly Northern Rhodesia)
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Constitution: 25 August 1973
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Legal system: based on English common law and customary law;
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judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council;
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has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA (since 24
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October 1964);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Gen. Malimba MASHEKE (since
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15 March 1989)
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Political parties and leaders:
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United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth KAUNDA;
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Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), Frederick CHILUBA;
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National Democratic Alliance (NADA), leader NA;
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Democratic Party, leader NA; note--the first Extraordinary
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Congress of UNIP began on 6 August 1991
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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President--last held 26 October 1988
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(next to be held mid-1991);
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results--President Kenneth KAUNDA was reelected without opposition;
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National Assembly--last held 26 October 1988
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(next to be held mid-1991);
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results--UNIP was the only party;
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seats--(136 total, 125 elected) UNIP 125
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Communists: no Communist party
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-19, G-77, GATT,
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IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
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LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU,
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WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Paul J. F. LUSAKA; Chancery
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at 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202)
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265-9717 through 9721;
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US--Ambassador Gordon L. STREET; Embassy at corner of Independence
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Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka (mailing address is P. O. Box
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31617, Lusaka); telephone 2601 228-595, 228-596, 228-598, 228-601,
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228-602, 228-603, 251-419
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Flag: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist
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side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer
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edge of the flag
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy has been in decline for more than a decade
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with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties
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stem from a sustained drop in copper production and ineffective economic
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policies. In 1990 real GDP stood only slightly higher than that of 10
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years before, while an annual population growth of more than 3% has
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brought a decline in per capita GDP of 25% during the same period. A
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high inflation rate has also added to Zambia's economic woes in recent
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years.
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GDP: $4.7 billion, per capita $580; real growth rate - 2% (1990)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 80% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $1.5 billion; expenditures $1.5 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $300 million (1991 est.)
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Exports: $1.1 million (f.o.b., 1990);
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commodities--copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco;
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partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US
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Imports: $1.1 million (c.i.f., 1990);
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commodities--machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs,
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fuels, manufactures;
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partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US
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External debt: $7.2 billion (December 1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 2.9% (1990); accounts for
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one-third of GDP
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Electricity: 1,900,000 kW capacity; 8,245 million kWh produced,
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1,050 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: copper mining and processing, transport, construction,
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foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer
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Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 85% of labor force;
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crops--corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco,
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cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs;
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marginally self-sufficient in corn
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $484
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $4.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million
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Currency: Zambian kwacha (plural--kwacha);
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1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee
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Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1--43.2900 (January
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1991), 28.9855 (1990), 12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987),
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7.3046 (1986), 2.7137 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 1,266 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track
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Highways: 36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone,
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gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth
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Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers,
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Lake Tanganyika
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Pipelines: 1,724 km crude oil
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Ports: Mpulungu (lake port)
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Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 121 total, 106 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways;
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1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 23 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan
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Africa; high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities;
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71,700 telephones; stations--11 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth
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stations--1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Air Force, Police, paramilitary
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,755,585; 920,878 fit for
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military service
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Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
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