247 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
247 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
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TOGO
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 56,790 km2; land area: 54,390 km2
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Comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia
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Land boundaries: 1,647 km total; Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km,
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Ghana 877 km
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Coastline: 56 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 30 nm
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Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
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Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern
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plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
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Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble
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Land use: arable land 25%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures
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4%; forest and woodland 28%; other 42%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north
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during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation
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PEOPLE
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Population: 3,810,616 (July 1991), growth rate 3.6% (1991)
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Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 110 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 58 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 7.1 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Togolese
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Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe,
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Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese
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Religion: indigenous beliefs about 70%, Christian 20%,
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Muslim 10%
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Language: French, both official and language of commerce; major
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African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye
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in the north
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Literacy: 43% (male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: NA; agriculture 78%, industry 22%; about 88,600 wage
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earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of
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population of working age (1985)
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Organized labor: one national union, the National Federation of
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Togolese Workers
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Togo
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Type: republic; one-party presidential regime
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Capital: Lome
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Administrative divisions: 21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions,
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singular--circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs),
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Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari),
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Dapaong (Tone), Kante (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Kpagouda (Binah),
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Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou),
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Notse (Haho), Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Tchaoudjo,
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Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo); note--the 21 units may now be called
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prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture) and reported name
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changes for individual units are included in parentheses
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Independence: 27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French
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administration, formerly French Togo)
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Constitution: 30 December 1979, effective 13 January 1980
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Legal system: French-based court system
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National holiday: Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 13 January
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(1967)
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Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
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Nationale)
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Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court
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(Cour Supreme)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14
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April 1967);
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Head of Government--interim Prime Minister Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28
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August 1991)
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Political parties and leaders: Rally of the Togolese
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People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the
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formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991; more than
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10 parties formed as of mid-May, though none yet legally registered;
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a national conference to determine transition regime took place
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10-20 June 1991
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Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
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Elections:
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President--last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held December
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1993);
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results--Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition;
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National Assembly--last held 4 March 1990 (next to be held 14
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June 1992);
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results--RPT was the only party;
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seats--(77 total) RPT 77
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Communists: no Communist party
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Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente,
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FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
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INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
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UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS;
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Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008;
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telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213;
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US--Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY; Embassy at Rue Pelletier
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Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome);
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telephone 228 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17
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Flag: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom)
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alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red
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square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African
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colors of Ethiopia
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence
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agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides
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employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are
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cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total
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export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when
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harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by
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far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for
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about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional
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commercial and trade center. The government actively encourages foreign
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investment.
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GDP: $1.4 billion, per capita $395; real growth rate 3.6% (1989
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est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): - 1.2% (1989)
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Unemployment rate: 2.0% (1987)
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Budget: revenues $330 million; expenditures $363 million,
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including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)
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Exports: $331 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
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commodities--phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm
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kernels;
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partners--EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)
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Imports: $344 million (f.o.b., 1989);
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commodities--food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other
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intermediate goods, capital goods;
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partners--EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)
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External debt: $1.3 billion (1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.); 6% of GDP
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Electricity: 179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced,
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60 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement,
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handicrafts, textiles, beverages
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Agriculture: cash crops--coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops--yams,
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cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production
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not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $132
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $1.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million
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Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
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(plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
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Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF)
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per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989),
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297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track
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Highways: 6,462 km total; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads
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Inland waterways: none
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Ports: Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)
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Merchant marine: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,906
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GRT/70,483 DWT; includes 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 multifunction
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large-load carrier
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Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 9 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m
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none with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system based on network of open-wire lines
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supplemented by radio relay routes; 12,000 telephones; stations--2 AM,
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no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1
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SYMPHONIE
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 799,597; 420,092 fit for
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military service; no conscription
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Defense expenditures: $44 million, 3.7% of GDP (1987)
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