202 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
202 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
|
SAINT HELENA
|
|||
|
(dependent territory of the UK)
|
|||
|
GEOGRAPHY
|
|||
|
Total area: 410 km2; land area: 410 km2; includes Ascension, Gough
|
|||
|
Island, Inaccessible Island, Nightingale Island, and Tristan da Cunha
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Comparative area: slightly more than 2.3 times the size of
|
|||
|
Washington, DC
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Land boundaries: none
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Coastline: 60 km
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Maritime claims:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Territorial sea: 12 nm
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Climate: tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Terrain: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Natural resources: fish; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea
|
|||
|
turtles and sooty terns; no minerals
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Land use: arable land 7%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
|
|||
|
pastures 7%; forest and woodland 3%; other 83%
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Environment: very few perennial streams
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note: located 1,920 km west of Angola, about two-thirds of the
|
|||
|
way between South America and Africa; Napoleon Bonaparte's place of
|
|||
|
exile and burial; the remains were taken to Paris in 1840
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
PEOPLE
|
|||
|
Population: 6,695 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Net migration rate: NEGl migrants/1,000 population (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Infant mortality rate: 46 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Life expectancy at birth: 70 years male, 75 years female (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Total fertility rate: 1.4 children born/woman (1991)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Nationality: noun--Saint Helenian(s); adjective--Saint Helenian
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ethnic divisions: NA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Religion: Anglican majority; also Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist,
|
|||
|
and Roman Catholic
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Language: English
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Literacy: 98% (male 97%, female 98%) age 15 and over can
|
|||
|
read and write (1987)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Labor force: NA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Organized labor: Saint Helena General Workers' Union, 472 members;
|
|||
|
crafts 17%, professional and technical 10%, service 10%, management and
|
|||
|
clerical 9%, farming and fishing 9%, transport 6%, sales 5%, and other
|
|||
|
34%
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
GOVERNMENT
|
|||
|
Long-form name: none
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Type: dependent territory of the UK
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Capital: Jamestown
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Administrative divisions: 2 dependencies and 1 administrative
|
|||
|
area*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Constitution: 1 January 1967
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Legal system: NA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second
|
|||
|
Saturday in June), 10 June 1989
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Executive branch: British monarch, governor, Executive Council
|
|||
|
(cabinet)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Leaders:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Head of Government--Governor and Commander in Chief Robert
|
|||
|
F. STIMSON (since 1987)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
|||
|
Saint Helena Labor Party, G. A. O. THORNTON;
|
|||
|
Saint Helena Progressive Party, leader unknown;
|
|||
|
note--both political parties inactive since 1976
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Suffrage: NA
|
|||
|
Elections:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Legislative Council--last held October 1984 (next to be held NA);
|
|||
|
results--percent of vote by party NA;
|
|||
|
seats--(15 total, 12 elected) number of seats by party NA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Communists: probably none
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Member of: ICFTU
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
|
|||
|
quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the
|
|||
|
flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ECONOMY
|
|||
|
Overview: The economy depends primarily on financial assistance
|
|||
|
from the UK. The local population earns some income from fishing, the
|
|||
|
rearing of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few
|
|||
|
jobs, a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment
|
|||
|
overseas.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
GDP: $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices): - 1.1% (1986)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Unemployment rate: NA%
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Budget: revenues $3.2 million; expenditures $2.9 million,
|
|||
|
including capital expenditures of NA (1984)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Exports: $23.9 thousand (f.o.b., 1984);
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
commodities--fish (frozen and salt-dried skipjack, tuna),
|
|||
|
handicrafts;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
partners--South Africa, UK
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Imports: $2.4 million (c.i.f., 1984);
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
commodities--food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed,
|
|||
|
building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
partners--UK, South Africa
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
External debt: $NA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Electricity: 9,800 kW capacity; 10 million kWh produced,
|
|||
|
1,390 kWh per capita (1989)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Industries: crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fish
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Agriculture: maize, potatoes, vegetables; timber production being
|
|||
|
developed; crawfishing on Tristan da Cunha
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
|
|||
|
commitments (1970-88), $184 million
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Currency: Saint Helenian pound (plural--pounds);
|
|||
|
1 Saint Helenian pound (LS) = 100 pence
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Exchange rates: Saint Helenian pounds (LS) per US$1--0.5171
|
|||
|
(January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102
|
|||
|
(1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985); note--the Saint Helenian pound is
|
|||
|
at par with the British pound
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
COMMUNICATIONS
|
|||
|
Highways: 87 km bitumen-sealed roads, 20 km earth roads on
|
|||
|
Saint Helena; 80 km bitumen-sealed on Ascension; 2.7 km bitumen-sealed on
|
|||
|
Tristan da Cunha
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ports: Jamestown (Saint Helena), Georgetown (Ascension)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Merchant marine: 1 passenger-cargo ship totaling 6,767 GRT/5,600
|
|||
|
DWT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Airports: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m on
|
|||
|
Ascension
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Telecommunications: 1,500 radio receivers; stations--1 AM,
|
|||
|
no FM, no TV; 550 telephones in automatic network; HF radio links to
|
|||
|
Ascension, then into worldwide submarine cable and satellite networks;
|
|||
|
major coaxial cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK at
|
|||
|
Ascension; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DEFENSE FORCES
|
|||
|
Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|