262 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
262 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
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NIGERIA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 923,770 km2; land area: 910,770 km2
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Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of California
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Land boundaries: 4,047 km total; Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km,
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Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
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Coastline: 853 km
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Maritime claims:
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Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 30 nm
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Disputes: demarcation of international boundaries in Lake
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Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is
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completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and
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Nigeria; Nigerian proposals to reopen maritime boundary negotiations and
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redemarcate the entire land boundary have been rejected by Cameroon
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Climate: varies--equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in
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north
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Terrain: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus;
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mountains in southeast, plains in north
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Natural resources: crude oil, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal,
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limestone, lead, zinc, natural gas
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Land use: arable land 31%; permanent crops 3%; meadows and pastures
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23%; forest and woodland 15%; other 28%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal
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agricultural activities; desertification; soil degradation, rapid
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deforestation
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PEOPLE
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Population: 122,470,574 (July 1991), growth rate 3.0% (1991)
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Birth rate: 46 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 118 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 48 years male, 50 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.5 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Nigerian(s); adjective--Nigerian
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Ethnic divisions: more than 250 tribal groups; Hausa and Fulani
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of the north, Yoruba of the southwest, and Ibos of the southeast make
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up 65% of the population; about 27,000 non-Africans
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Religion: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
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Language: English (official); Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and
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several other languages also widely used
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Literacy: 51% (male 62%, female 40%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 42,844,000; agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and
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services 19%, government 15%; 49% of population of working age (1985)
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Organized labor: 3,520,000 wage earners belong to 42 recognized
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trade unions, which come under a single national labor federation--the
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Nigerian Labor Congress (NLC)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Federal Republic of Nigeria
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Type: military government since 31 December 1983
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Capital: Lagos; note--some government departments have relocated
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to the designated new capital in Abuja
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Administrative divisions: 21 states and 1 territory*;
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Abuja Capital Territory*, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bendel, Benue,
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Borno, Cross River, Gongola, Imo, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kwara, Lagos,
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Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto
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Independence: 1 October 1960 (from UK)
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Constitution: 1 October 1979, amended 9 February 1984, revised 1989
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Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic, and tribal law
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National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
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Executive branch: president of the Armed Forces Ruling Council,
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Armed Forces Ruling Council, National Council of State, Council of
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Ministers (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: National Assembly was dissolved after the
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military coup of 31 December 1983
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal
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Leaders:
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Chief of State and Head of Government--President and Commander in
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Chief of Armed Forces Gen. Ibrahim BABANGIDA (since 27 August 1985)
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Political parties and leaders: two political parties established by
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the government in 1989--Social Democratic Party (SDP) and National
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Republican Convention (NRC)
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Suffrage: universal at age 21
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Elections:
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President--scheduled for 1 October 1992;
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National Assembly--scheduled for early 1992
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Communists: the pro-Communist underground consists of a small
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fraction of the Nigerian left; leftist leaders are prominent in the
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country's central labor organization but have little influence on the
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government
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77,
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GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMO, IMF, INMARSAT,
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INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC,
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PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO,
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WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Hamzat AHMADU; Chancery at
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2201 M Street NW, Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 822-1500;
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there are Nigerian Consulates General in Atlanta, New York and San
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Francisco;
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US--Ambassador Lannon WALKER; Embassy at 2 Eleke Crescent,
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Victoria Island, Lagos (mailing address is P. O. Box 554, Lagos);
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telephone 234 (1) 610097; there is a US Consulate General in Kaduna
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Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
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green
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ECONOMY
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Overview: Although Nigeria is Africa's leading oil-producing
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country, it remains poor with a $280 per capita GDP. In 1990, despite
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rising oil prices and a sharp drop in inflation, performance remained
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slack with continuing underutilization of industrial capacity and a
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second year of relatively weak agricultural performance. Agricultural
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production was up only 4.2% in 1990, still below the 1987 level.
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Industrial output showed a 7.2% increase, but remained below the 1985
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level. Government efforts to reduce Nigeria's dependence on oil exports
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and to sustain noninflationary growth have fallen short due to inadequate
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new investment funds. Living standards continue to deteriorate from the
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higher level of the early 1980s oil boom.
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GDP: $27.2 billion, per capita $230; real growth rate 2.7%
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(1990 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $8.0 billion; expenditures $8.0 billion, including
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capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)
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Exports: $13.0 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--oil 95%, cocoa, rubber;
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partners--EC 51%, US 32%
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Imports: $9.5 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.);
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commodities--consumer goods, capital equipment, chemicals, raw
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materials;
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partners--EC, US
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External debt: $35 billion (December 1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 7.2% (1990 est.); accounts
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for 23% of GDP, including petroleum
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Electricity: 4,737,000 kW capacity; 11,270 million kWh produced,
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100 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: crude oil and mining--coal, tin, columbite;
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primary processing industries--palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber,
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wood, hides and skins; manufacturing industries--textiles,
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cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing,
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ceramics, steel
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Agriculture: accounts for 28% of GNP and half of labor force;
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inefficient small-scale farming dominates; once a large net exporter of
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food and now an importer; cash crops--cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber;
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food crops--corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams;
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livestock--cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources
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extensively exploited
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Illicit drugs: illicit heroin and some cocaine trafficking;
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marijuana cultivation for domestic consumption and export; major transit
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country for heroin en route from Southwest Asia via Africa to Western
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Europe and the US; growing transit route for cocaine from South America
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via West Africa to Western Europe and the US
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-87), $2.5 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion
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Currency: naira (plural--naira); 1 naira (N) = 100 kobo
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Exchange rates: naira (N) per US$1--8.707 (December 1990),
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8.038 (1990), 7.3647 (1989), 4.5370 (1988), 4.0160 (1987), 1.7545 (1986),
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0.8938 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge
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Highways: 107,990 km total 30,019 km paved (mostly
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bituminous-surface treatment); 25,411 km laterite, gravel, crushed stone,
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improved earth; 52,560 km unimproved
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Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and
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smaller rivers and creeks
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Pipelines: 2,042 km crude oil; 500 km natural gas; 3,000 km refined
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products
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Ports: Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar, Warri, Onne, Sapele
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Merchant marine: 28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 420,658
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GRT/668,951 DWT; includes 18 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 1
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roll-on/roll-off cargo, 6 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1
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chemical tanker, 1 bulk
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Civil air: 76 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 81 total, 68 usable; 32 with permanent-surface runways;
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1 with runways over 3,659 m; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: above-average system limited by poor
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maintenance; major expansion in progress; radio relay and cable routes;
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155,000 telephones; stations--37 AM, 19 FM, 38 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean
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INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, domestic, with 19 stations; 1 coaxial
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submarine cable
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 28,070,431; 16,040,870 fit for
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military service; 1,302,970 reach military age (18) annually
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Defense expenditures: $300 million, 1% of GNP (1990 est.)
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