239 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
239 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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MOZAMBIQUE
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 801,590 km2; land area: 784,090 km2
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Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
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Land boundaries: 4,571 km total; Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa
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491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe
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1,231 km
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Coastline: 2,470 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Climate: tropical to subtropical
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Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus
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in northwest, mountains in west
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Natural resources: coal, titanium
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Land use: arable land 4%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
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pastures 56%; forest and woodland 20%; other 20%; includes irrigated
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NEGL%
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Environment: severe drought and floods occur in south;
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desertification
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PEOPLE
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Population: 15,113,282 (July 1991), growth rate 4.6% (1991);
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note--900,000 Mozambican refugees in Malawi (1990 est.)
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Birth rate: 46 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 17 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 17 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 134 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 46 years male, 49 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.4 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Mozambican(s); adjective--Mozambican
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Ethnic divisions: majority from indigenous tribal groups; Europeans
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about 10,000, Euro-Africans 35,000, Indians 15,000
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Religion: indigenous beliefs 60%, Christian 30%, Muslim 10%
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Language: Portuguese (official); many indigenous dialects
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Literacy: 33% (male 45%, female 21%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: NA, but 90% engaged in agriculture
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Organized labor: 225,000 workers belong to a single union,
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the Mozambique Workers' Organization (OTM)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Mozambique
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Type: republic
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Capital: Maputo
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Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (provincias,
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singular--provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo,
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Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
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Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
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Constitution: 30 November 1990
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Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary
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law
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National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the Republic
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(Assembleia da Republica)
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Judicial branch: People's Courts at all levels
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6
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November 1986);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Mario da Graca MACHUNGO
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(since 17 July 1986)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO)--formerly a Marxist
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organization with close ties to the USSR--was the only legal party before
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30 November 1990 when the new Constitution went into effect establishing
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a multiparty system; note--the government has announced that multiparty
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elections will be held in 1991; parties such as
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the Liberal Democratic Party of Mozambique (PALMO),
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the Mozambique National Union (UNAMO),
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and the Mozambique National Movement (MONAMO) have already emerged
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Suffrage: universal adult at age 18
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Elections: electoral law--to be ratified in 1991--will provide
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for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections
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Communists: about 200,000 FRELIMO members; note--FRELIMO no
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longer considers itself a Communist party
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77,
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IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
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LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Hipolito PATRICIO; Chancery
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at Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202)
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293-7146;
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US--Ambassador Townsend B. FRIEDMAN, Jr.; Embassy at Avenida
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Kenneth Kuanda, 193 Maputo (mailing address is P. O. Box 783, Maputo);
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telephone 258 (1) 49-27-97, 49-01-67, 49-03-50
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Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and
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yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black
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band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed
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star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open
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white book
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ECONOMY
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Overview: One of Africa's poorest countries, with a per capita GDP
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of little more than $100, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic
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potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation
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resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and investment declined
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throughout the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders,
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lack of government administrative control, and a growing foreign debt.
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A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic reform policy,
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has resulted in successive years of economic growth since 1985.
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Agricultural output, nevertheless, is at about only 75% of its 1981
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level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20-40% of
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capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance to keep
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afloat.
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GDP: $1.6 billion, per capita $110; real growth rate 5.0%
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(1989 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22.9% (1990 est.)
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Unemployment rate: 50% (1989 est.)
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Budget: revenues $186 million; expenditures $239 million,
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including capital expenditures of $208 million (1988 est.)
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Exports: $90 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
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commodities--shrimp 48%, cashews 21%, sugar 10%, copra 3%,
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citrus 3%;
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partners--US, Western Europe, GDR, Japan
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Imports: $764 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.), including aid;
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commodities--food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum;
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partners--US, Western Europe, USSR
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External debt: $5.1 billion (1990 est.)
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Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1989 est.)
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Electricity: 2,265,000 kW capacity; 1,740 million kWh produced,
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120 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
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petroleum products, textiles, nonmetallic mineral products (cement,
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glass, asbestos), tobacco
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Agriculture: accounts for 90% of the labor force, 50% of GDP,
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and about 90% of exports; cash crops--cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane,
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tea, shrimp; other crops--cassava, corn, rice, tropical fruits; not
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self-sufficient in food
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $350
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $3.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $37 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $890 million
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Currency: metical (plural--meticais); 1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos
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Exchange rates: meticais (Mt) per US$1--1,700 (November 1990),
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800.00 (1989), 528.60 (1988), 289.44 (1987), 40.43 (1986), 43.18 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 3,288 km total; 3,140 km 1.067-meter gauge; 148 km
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0.762-meter narrow gauge; Malawi-Nacala, Malawi-Beira, and
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Zimbabwe-Maputo lines are subject to closure because of insurgency
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Highways: 26,498 km total; 4,593 km paved; 829 km gravel, crushed
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stone, stabilized soil; 21,076 km unimproved earth
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Inland waterways: about 3,750 km of navigable routes
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Pipelines: 306 km crude oil (not operating); 289 km refined
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products
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Ports: Maputo, Beira, Nacala
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Merchant marine: 5 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,806
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GRT/12,873 DWT
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Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 197 total, 145 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways;
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1 with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines,
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and radio relay; 57,400 telephones; stations--15 AM, 3 FM, 1 TV;
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earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 3 domestic
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Mozambique Armed Forces (including Army, Naval
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Command, Air Defense Forces, Border Guards), Militia
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 3,407,234; 1,957,123 fit for
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military service
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Defense expenditures: $NA, 8.4% of GDP (1987)
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