210 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
210 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
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MACAU
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(overseas territory of Portugal)
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 16 km2; land area: 16 km2
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Comparative area: about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
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Land boundary: 0.34 km with China
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Coastline: 40 km
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Maritime claims: not known
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Disputes: scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of
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China in 1999
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Climate: subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
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Terrain: generally flat
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Natural resources: negligible
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Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures
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0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
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Environment: essentially urban; one causeway and one bridge connect
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the two islands to the peninsula on mainland
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Note: 27 km west southwest of Hong Kong on the southeast coast of
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China
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PEOPLE
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Population: 446,262 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)
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Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 75 years male, 79 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 2.1 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Macanese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Macau
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Ethnic divisions: Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2%
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Religion: Buddhist 45%, Roman Catholic 7%, Protestant 1%, none
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45.8%, other 1.2% (1981)
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Language: Portuguese (official); Cantonese is the language of
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commerce
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Literacy: 90% (male 93%, female 86%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1981)
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Labor force: 180,000 (1986)
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Organized labor: none
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: none
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Type: overseas territory of Portugal; scheduled to revert to China
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in 1999
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Capital: Macau
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Administrative divisions: 2 districts (concelhos,
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singular--concelho); Ilhas, Macau
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Independence: none (territory of Portugal); Portugal signed an
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agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to China on 20
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December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect
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Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 years
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after transition
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Constitution: 17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau
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Legal system: Portuguese civil law system
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National holiday: Day of Portugal, 10 June
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Executive branch: president of Portugal, governor,
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Consultative Council (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: Legislative Assembly
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President (of Portugal) Mario Alberto SOARES
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(since 9 March 1986);
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Head of Government--Governor Gen. Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA
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(since 20 March 1991)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Association to Defend the Interests of Macau;
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Macau Democratic Center;
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Group to Study the Development of Macau;
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Macau Independent Group
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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Legislative Assembly--last held on 9 November 1988 (next to be
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held November 1991);
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results--percent of vote by party NA;
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seats--(17 total; 6 elected by universal suffrage, 6 by indirect
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suffrage) number of seats by party NA
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Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese
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representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants
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representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government
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acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration
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Member of: GATT, WTO (associate)
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Diplomatic representation: as Chinese territory under Portuguese
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administration, Macanese interests in the US are represented by Portugal;
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US--the US has no offices in Macau and US interests are monitored
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by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
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Flag: the flag of Portugal is used
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy is based largely on tourism (including
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gambling), and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify
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have spawned other small industries--toys, artificial flowers, and
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electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and
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the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings.
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Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy
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imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and
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capital goods.
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GDP: $2.9 billion, per capita $6,560; real growth rate 6%
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(1990 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.5% (1989)
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Unemployment rate: 2% (1989 est.)
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Budget: revenues $305 million; expenditures $298 million, including
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capital expenditures of $NA (1989)
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Exports: $1.7 billion (1989 est.);
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commodities--textiles, clothing, toys;
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partners--US 33%, Hong Kong 15%, FRG 12%, France 10% (1987)
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Imports: $1.6 billion (1989 est.);
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commodities--raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods;
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partners--Hong Kong 39%, China 21%, Japan 10% (1987)
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External debt: $91 million (1985)
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Industrial production: NA
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Electricity: 203,000 kW capacity; 495 million kWh produced,
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1,120 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: clothing, textiles, toys, plastic products, furniture,
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tourism
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Agriculture: rice, vegetables; food shortages--rice, vegetables,
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meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements
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Economic aid: none
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Currency: pataca (plural--patacas); 1 pataca (P) = 100 avos
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Exchange rates: patacas (P) per US$1--8.03 (1989), 8.044 (1988),
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7.993 (1987), 8.029 (1986), 8.045 (1985); note--linked to the Hong Kong
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dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 42 km paved
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Ports: Macau
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Civil air: no major transport aircraft
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Airports: none useable, 1 under construction; 1 seaplane station
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Telecommunications: fairly modern communication facilities
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maintained for domestic and international services; 52,000 telephones;
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stations--4 AM, 3 FM, no TV; 75,000 radio receivers (est.); international
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high-frequency radio communication facility; access to international
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communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; 1 Indian Ocean
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INTELSAT earth station
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 167,289; 93,142 fit for
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military service
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Note: defense is responsibility of Portugal
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