280 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
280 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
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DENMARK
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 43,070 km2; land area: 42,370 km2; includes the island
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of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but
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excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
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Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of
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Massachusetts
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Land boundaries: 68 km with Germany
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Coastline: 3,379 km
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Maritime claims:
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Contiguous zone: 4 nm;
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Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
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Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 3 nm
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Disputes: Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland,
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Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement
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in the Rockall area); Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims
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between Greenland and Jan Mayen
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Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and
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cool summers
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Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains
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Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone
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Land use: arable land 61%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
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pastures 6%; forest and woodland 12%; other 21%; includes irrigated 9%
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Environment: air and water pollution
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Note: controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
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PEOPLE
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Population: 5,132,626 (July 1991), growth rate NEGL% (1991)
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Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 79 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Dane(s); adjective--Danish
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Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German
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Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman
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Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)
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Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small
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German-speaking minority
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Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1980 est.)
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Labor force: 2,581,400; private services 36.4%; government services
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30.2%; manufacturing and mining 20%; construction 6.8%; agriculture,
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forestry, and fishing 5.9%; electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)
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Organized labor: 65% of labor force
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Kingdom of Denmark
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Type: constitutional monarchy
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Capital: Copenhagen
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Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark--14 counties (amter,
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singular--amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg,
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Fyn, Kobenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde,
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Sonderjylland, Staden Kobenhavn*, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjaelland,
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Viborg; note--see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland
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which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative
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divisions
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Independence: became a constitutional monarchy in 1849
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Constitution: 5 June 1953
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Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative
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acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
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Executive branch: monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet
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Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Folketing)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972);
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Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26
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May 1968);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10
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September 1982)
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Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Svend AUKEN;
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Conservative, Poul SCHLUTER;
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Liberal, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN;
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Socialist People's, Holger K. NIELSEN;
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Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD;
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Center Democratic, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN;
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Radical Liberal, Marianne JELVED;
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Christian People's, Flemming KOTOED-SVENDSEN;
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Left Socialist, Elizabeth BRUN-OLESEN;
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Justice, Poul Gerhard KRISTIANSEN;
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Socialist Workers Party, leader NA;
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Communist Workers' Party (KAP), leader NA;
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Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN;
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Green Party, Inger BORLEHMANN
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Suffrage: universal at age 21
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Elections:
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Parliament--last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by
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December 1994);
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results--Social Democratic 37.4%, Conservative 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%,
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Socialist People's 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic 5.1%,
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Radical Liberal 3.5%, Christian People's 2.3%, other 5.2%;
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seats--(175 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe
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Islands) Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29,
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Socialist People's 15, Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical
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Liberal 7, Christian People's 4
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Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM,
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CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
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ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
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INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD,
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PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG,
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UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG;
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Chancery at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
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(202) 234-4300; there are Danish Consulates General at Chicago, Houston,
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Los Angeles, and New York;
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US--Ambassador Keith L. BROWN; Embassy at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle
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24, 2100 Copenhagen O (mailing address is APO New York 09170);
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telephone 45 (31) 42 31 44
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Flag: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag;
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the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side and that
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design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently
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adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and
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Sweden
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ECONOMY
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Overview: This modern economy features high-tech
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agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive
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government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high
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dependence on foreign trade. The Danish economy is likely to maintain
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its slow but steady improvement in 1991. GDP grew by 1.3% in 1990
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and probably will grow by about 1.25% in 1991; unemployment is running
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close to 10%. In 1990 Denmark had the lowest inflation rate in the EC,
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a record trade surplus, and the first balance-of-payments surplus in
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26 years. As the government prepares for the economic integration of
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Europe during 1992, growth, investment, and competitiveness are expected
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to improve, reducing unemployment, inflation, and debt.
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GDP: $78.0 billion, per capita $15,200; real growth rate 1.3%
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(1990)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: 9.5% (1990)
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Budget: revenues $62.5 billion; expenditures $60 billion, including
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capital expenditures of $NA billion (1989)
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Exports: $34.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990);
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commodities--meat and meat products, dairy products, transport
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equipment, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery;
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partners--EC 52.2% (Germany 19.5%, UK 10.9%, France 6.1%), Sweden
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12.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 5.0%, Japan 4.3% (1990)
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Imports: $31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);
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commodities--petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain
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and foodstuffs, textiles, paper;
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partners--EC 57% (Germany 25.6%, UK 8.4%), Sweden 12.7%, US 6.7%
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(1990)
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External debt: $45 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1989)
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Electricity: 11,215,000 kW capacity; 30,910 million kWh produced,
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6,030 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and
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clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and
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other wood products
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Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GNP and employs 6% of labor force
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(includes fishing and forestry); farm products account for nearly 15%
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of export revenues; principal products--meat, dairy, grain, potatoes,
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rape, sugar beets, fish; self-sufficient in food production
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Economic aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion
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Currency: Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone
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(DKr) = 100 ore
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Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January
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(1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091
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(1986), 10.596 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State
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Railways (DSB) operate 2,025 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry
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services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of
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standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated
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Highways: 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone
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block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth
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Inland waterways: 417 km
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Pipelines: crude oil, 110 km; refined products, 578 km; natural
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gas, 700 km
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Ports: Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia;
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numerous secondary and minor ports
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Merchant marine: 281 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,888,064
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GRT/7,131,949 DWT; includes 13 short-sea passenger, 85 cargo, 15
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refrigerated cargo, 35 container, 40 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar
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carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical
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tanker, 22 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 14 bulk, 1 combination
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bulk; note--Denmark has created its own internal register, called the
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Danish International Ship Register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to
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meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience
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within the Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag
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ships belonged to the DIS
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Civil air: 69 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 129 total, 112 usable; 27 with permanent-surface
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runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast
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services; 4,509,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 15 (39 repeaters) FM, 27
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(25 repeaters) TV; 7 submarine coaxial cables; 1 earth station operating
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in INTELSAT, 4 Atlantic Ocean, EUTELSAT, and domestic systems
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air
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Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,369,684; 1,179,991 fit for
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military service; 36,991 reach military age (20) annually
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Defense expenditures: $2.4 billion, 2% of GDP (1990)
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