295 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
295 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
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CYPRUS
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 9,250 km2; land area: 9,240 km2
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Comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
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Land boundaries: none
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Coastline: 648 km
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Maritime claims:
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Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: 1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto
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autonomous areas--a Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60%
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of the island's land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island)
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that are separated by a narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two
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UK sovereign base areas (about 5% of the island's land area)
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Climate: temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool,
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wet winters
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Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south
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Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt,
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marble, clay earth pigment
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Land use: arable land 40%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures
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10%; forest and woodland 18%; other 25%; includes irrigated 10% (most
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irrigated lands are in the Turkish-Cypriot area of the island)
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Environment: moderate earthquake activity; water resource problems
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(no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and
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most potable resources concentrated in the Turkish-Cypriot area)
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PEOPLE
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Population: 709,343 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)
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Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 78 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Cypriot(s); adjective--Cypriot
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Ethnic divisions: Greek 78%; Turkish 18%; other 4%
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Religion: Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian,
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Apostolic, and other 4%
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Language: Greek, Turkish, English
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Literacy: 90% (male 96%, female 85%) age 10 and over can
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read and write (1976)
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Labor force: Greek area--246,100; services 42%, industry 33%,
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agriculture 22%; Turkish area--NA (1989)
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Organized labor: 156,000 (1985 est.)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Cyprus
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Type: republic; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities
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inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in
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1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish
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invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de
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facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only
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internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish
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Cypriot President Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation
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of a Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which has been recognized
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only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of
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intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of
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government
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Capital: Nicosia
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Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia,
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Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos
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Independence: 16 August 1960 (from UK)
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Constitution: 16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for
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a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better
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relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
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intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own Constitution
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and governing bodies within the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, which
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was renamed the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983; a new
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Constitution for the Turkish area passed by referendum in May 1985
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Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications
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National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October
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Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet);
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note--there is a president, prime minister, and Council of Ministers
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(cabinet) in the Turkish area
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Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (Vouli
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Antiprosopon); note--there is a unicameral Assembly of the Republic
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(Cumhuriyet Meclisi) in the Turkish area
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court; note--there is also a Supreme Court
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in the Turkish area
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Leaders:
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Chief of State and Head of Government--President George VASSILIOU
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(since February 1988); note--Rauf R. DENKTASH has been president
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of the Turkish area since 13 February 1975
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Political parties and leaders:
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Greek Cypriot--Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL;
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Communist Party), Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS,
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Democratic Rally (DESY), Glafcos CLERIDES;
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Democratic Party (DEKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU;
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United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos LYSSARIDES;
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Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADESOK), Pavlos DINGLIS, chairman;
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Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS;
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Turkish area--National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU;
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Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Mustafa AKINCI;
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Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR;
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New Cyprus Party (NKP), Alpay DURDURAN;
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New Dawn Party (YDP), Ali Ozkan ALTINISHIK;
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Free Democratic Party, Ismet KOTAK; note--CTP, TKP, and YDP joined
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in the coalition Democratic Struggle Party (DMP) for the 22 April
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1990 legislative election
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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President--last held 14 February and 21 February 1988 (next
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to be held February 1993);
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results--George VASSILIOU 52%, Glafcos CLERIDES 48%;
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House of Representatives--last held 8 December 1985 (next to
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be held 19 May 1991);
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results--DESY 33.56%, DEKO 27.65%, AKEL (Communist) 27.43%, EDEK 11.07%;
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seats--(56 total) DESY 19, DEKO 16, AKEL (Communist) 15, EDEK 6;
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Turkish Area: President--last held 22 April 1990 (next to be
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held April 1995);
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results--Rauf R. DENKTASH 66%, Ismail BOZKURT 32.05%;
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Turkish Area: Assembly of the Republic--last held 6 May 1990
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(next to be held May 1995);
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results--UBP (conservative) about 55%, DMP NA%;
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seats--(50 total) UBP (conservative) 34, CTP (Communist) 7,
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TKP (center-right) 7, New Dawn Party 2
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Communists: about 12,000
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Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth
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Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA;
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Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; pro-West); Pan-Cyprian
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Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot
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Workers (SEK; pro-West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions
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(Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)
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Member of: C, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
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IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
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INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD,
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UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Michael E. SHERIFIS;
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Chancery at 2211 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202)
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462-5772; there is a Cypriot Consulate General in New York;
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US--Ambassador Robert E. LAMB; Embassy at the corner of Therissos
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Street and Dositheos Street, Nicosia (mailing address is FPO New York
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09530); telephone 357 (2) 4651511
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Flag: white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the
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name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green
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crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize
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the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish
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communities
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ECONOMY
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Overview: These data are for the area controlled by the Republic of
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Cyprus (information on the northern Turkish-Cypriot area is sparse).
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The economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry contributes
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about 25% to GDP and employs 35% of the labor force, while the service
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sector contributes about 55% to GDP and employs 40% of the labor force.
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Rapid growth in exports of agricultural and manufactured products
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and in tourism have played important roles in the average 6% rise in GDP
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in recent years.
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GDP: $5.4 billion, per capita $7,960; real growth rate 5.5%
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(1990)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.5% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: below 2% (1990)
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Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including
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capital expenditures of $178 million (1989 est.)
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Exports: $770 million (f.o.b., 1990);
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commodities--citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and
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shoes;
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partners--UK 23%, Greece 10%, Lebanon 9%, Saudi Arabia 4%
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Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990);
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commodities--consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and
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feed grains, machinery;
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partners--France 12%, UK 11%, Japan 11%, Italy 10%
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External debt: $2.2 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 6.5% (1988); accounts for
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27% of GDP
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Electricity: 620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced,
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2,530 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products,
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tourism, wood products
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Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP and employs 22% of labor force;
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major crops--potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, and citrus
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fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $292
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-87), $230 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $62 million;
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Communist countries (1970-89), $24 million
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Currency: Cypriot pound (plural--pounds) and in Turkish area,
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Turkish lira (plural--liras); 1 Cypriot pound (LC) = 100 cents and
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1 Turkish lira
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(TL) = 100 kurus
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Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds (LC) per US$1--0.4325 (December
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1990), 0.4572 (1990), 0.4933 (1989), 0.4663 (1988), 0.4807 (1987), 0.5167
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(1986), 0.6095 (1985); in Turkish area, Turkish liras (TL) per
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US$1--2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3
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(1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 10,780 km total; 5,170 km bituminous surface treated;
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5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
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Ports: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos
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Merchant marine: 1,169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
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19,310,063 GRT/34,338,028 DWT; 10 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo,
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435 cargo, 76 refrigerated cargo, 20 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 48
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container, 4 multifunction large load carrier, 111 petroleum, oils, and
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lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 17
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chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 360 bulk, 2 vehicle carrier, 44
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combination bulk; note--a flag of convenience registry; Cuba owns at
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least 25 of these ships, USSR owns 52, and Yugoslavia owns 1
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Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 13 total, 13 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot
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Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot
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administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations--14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters)
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FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and
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Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, 1
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Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Greek area--Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG;
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includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish
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area--Turkish Cypriot Security Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 182,426; 125,839 fit for
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military service; 5,169 reach military age (18) annually
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Defense expenditures: $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.)
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