205 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
205 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
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ANDORRA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 450 km2; land area: 450 km2
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Comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of
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Washington, DC
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Land boundaries: 125 km total; France 60 km, Spain 65 km
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Coastline: none--landlocked
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Maritime claims: none--landlocked
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Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers
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Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
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Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber,
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iron ore, lead
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Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
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pastures 56%; forest and woodland 22%; other 20%
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Environment: deforestation, overgrazing
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Note: landlocked
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PEOPLE
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Population: 53,197 (July 1991), growth rate 2.4% (1991)
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Birth rate: 11 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 16 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Andorran(s); adjective--Andorran
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Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%,
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French 6%, other 3%
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Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic
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Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and
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Castilian
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Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
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Labor force: NA
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Organized labor: none
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Principality of Andorra
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Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president
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of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally
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by officials called verguers
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Capital: Andorra la Vella
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Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies,
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singular--parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les
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Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
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Independence: 1278
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Constitution: none; some pareatges and decrees, mostly custom and
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usage
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Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial
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review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September
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Executive branch: two co-princes (president of France, bishop of
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Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer,
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Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the
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department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo
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de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council
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Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys
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(Consell General de las Valls)
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Judicial branch: civil cases--Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan
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(France) or the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel
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(Spain); criminal cases--Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes)
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Leaders:
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Chiefs of State--French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21
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May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS;
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Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31
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January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla;
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Head of Government--Oscar RIBAS Reig (since NA January 1990)
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Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally
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recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for
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particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of
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competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various
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small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party,
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Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1976 and reorganized in
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1979 as Andorran Democratic Party
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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General Council of the Valleys--last held 11 December 1989
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(next to be held December 1993);
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results--percent of vote NA;
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seats--(28 total) number of seats by party NA
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Communists: negligible
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Member of: CSCE, INTERPOL, IOC
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Diplomatic representation: Andorra has no mission in the US;
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US--includes Andorra within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District
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and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically; Consul General
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Ruth A. DAVIS; Consulate General at Via Layetana 33, Barcelona 3, Spain
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(mailing address APO NY 09286); telephone 34 (3) 319-9550
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Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
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red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat
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of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and
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Romania which do not have a national coat of arms in the center
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An
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estimated 12 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's
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duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Agricultural
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production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to
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be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising.
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Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. The
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rapid pace of European economic integration is a potential threat to
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Andorra's advantages from its duty-free status.
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GDP: $727 million, per capita $14,000; real growth rate NA%
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(1990 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
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Unemployment rate: none
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Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital
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expenditures of $NA
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Exports: $0.017 million (f.o.b., 1986);
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commodities--electricity;
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partners--France, Spain
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Imports: $531 million (f.o.b., 1986);
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commodities--consumer goods, food;
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partners--France, Spain
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External debt: $NA
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Industrial production: growth rate NA%
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Electricity: 35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced,
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2,800 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco,
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smuggling, banking
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Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye,
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wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables
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Economic aid: none
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Currency: French franc (plural--francs) and Spanish peseta
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(plural--pesetas); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes and 1 Spanish peseta
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(Pta) = 100 centimos
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Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991),
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5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261
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(1986), 8.9852 (1985); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1--95.20 (January
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1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05
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(1986), 170.04 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 96 km
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Telecommunications: international digital microwave network;
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international landline circuits to France and Spain; stations--1 AM, no
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FM, no TV; 17,700 telephones
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
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