225 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
225 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
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BIOC.III
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BIOC AGENT 003'S COURSE IN [BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS] Part III
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Revised 18-July-84 Word Processed by Tharrys Ridenow
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[PREFACE]:
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In Part III, we will discuss the dialing procedures for domestic as well as
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international dialing. We will also take a look at the telephone numbering
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plan.
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NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN
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In North America, the telephone numbering plan is as follows:
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A) A 3 digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) Code (Area Code [A/C])
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B) A 7 digit telephone number consisting of a 3 digit Central Office (CO)
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code plus a 4 digit station number.
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These 10 digits are called the network address or destination code. It is
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--More--(7%)
in the format of:
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AREA CODE TELEPHONE NUMBER
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nyx nxx-xxxx
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Where: n= a digit from 2-9, y= 0 or 1, and x= a digit 0-9
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AREA CODES:
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Check your telephone book or the seperate listing of area codes found on
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many BBS's. Here are the Special Area Codes (SAC's):
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510: TWX (USA)
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610: TWX (Canada)
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700: New service
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710: TWX (USA)
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800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
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810: TWX (USA)
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900: Dial-it services
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910: TWX (USA)
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The other area codes never cross state lines, therefore each state must
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--More--(14%)
have at least one exclusive NPA code. When a community is split by a state
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line, the CO #'s are often interchangable (i.e., you can dial the same # from 2
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different area codes).
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TWX:
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TWX (Telex II) consists of 5 teletypewriter area codes. They are owned by
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Western Union. These SAC's may only be reached via other TWX machines. Be-
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sides the TWX #'s, these machines are routed to normal telephone #'s. TWX
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machines always respond with an answerback. For example, WU's FYI TWX # is
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(910) 988-5956, the corresponding real number to this is (201) 279-5956. The
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answerback for this service is "WU FYI MAWA."
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If you don't want to buy a TWX machine, you can still send TWX messages us-
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ing Easylink [(800) 325-4112: see TUC's and my article entitled "Hacking
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Western Union's Easylink"].
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700:
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At the time of this writing, the 700 exchange does not yet exist. AT&T
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plans to use it soon, though. They plan to make it a kind of fancy call for-
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warding service. It will be targetted towards salesmen on the run.
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To understand how it works, I'll explain it with an example. Let's say Joe
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Q. Salespig works for AT&T Security and he is on the run chasing a phreak
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around the country that royally screwed up an important COSMOS system. Let's
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--More--(27%)
say that Joe's 700 # is (700) 382-5968. Every time Joe goes to a new hotel, he
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dials a special 700 #, enters a code, and the # where he is staying. Now, if
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his boss decided that he needed to get in touch with Joe, FAST, all he would
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have to do is dial (700) 382-5968, and it would ring whatever number Joe last
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programmed it to. Neat, huh?
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800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
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This SAC is one of my favorites since it allows for toll-free calls.
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Inward WATS (INWATS): Inward Wide Area Telecommunications Service is the 800
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#'s that we are all familiar with. 800 #'s are set up in service areas or
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bands. There are 6 of these. Band 6 is the largest and you can call a band 6
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# from anywhere in the US except in the state where the call is terminated
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(this is why most companies have 1 800 # for the country and then another for
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just one state). Band 5 includes the 48 contiguous states. All the way down
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to band 1 which includes only the states contiguous to that one. Therefore,
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less people can reach a band 1 INWATS # than a band 6 #.
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Intrastate INWATS #'s (ie, you can call it from only one state) always have
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a 2 as the last digit in the exchange (ie, 800-nx2-xxxx). The nxx on 800 #'s
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represents the area where the business is located. For example, an 800 # 800-
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431-xxxx would terminate at a New York CO.
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800 #'s always end up in a hunt series in a CO. This means that it tries
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the first # allocated to the company for their 800 lines; if this is busy it
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--More--(43%)
will then try the next #, etc. You must have a minimum of 2 lines per each 800
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#. For example, Travelnet uses a hunt series. If you dial (800) 521-8400, it
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will first try the # associated with 8400; if it is busy it will go the next
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available port, etc. INWATS customers are billed by the # of hours of calls
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that are made to their number.
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Outward WATS (OUTWATS): OUTWATS are for making outgoing calls only. Large
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companies use OUTWATS since they receive bulk-rate discounts. Since OUTWATS
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#'s cannot have incoming calls, they are in the format of (800) *xx-xxxx where
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* is the digit 0 or 1 which cannot be dialed unless you box the call. The *xx
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identifies the type of service and the areas that the company can call.
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Remember: INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS Extender (see part I)
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900:
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This dial-it SAC is a nationwide dial-it service. It is used for taking
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television polls and other stuff. The first minute currently costs an outra-
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geous 50 cents and each additional minute costs 35 cents. Bell takes in a lot
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of revenue this way.
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Dial (900) 555-1212 to find out what is currently on the service.
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CO CODES:
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These identify the switching office where the call is to be routed.
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--More--(55%)
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The following CO codes are reserved nationwide:
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555 - Directory Assistance
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844 - Time ] These are now both in
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936 - Weather ] the 976 exchange...
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950 - Future Services
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958 - Plant Test
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959 - Plant Test
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970 - Plant Test (temporary)
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976 - Dial-it services
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Also, the 3 digit ANI and ringback #'s are regarded as a Plant Test and are
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thus reserved. These numbers vary from area to area. [See pt. II for more
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info on ANI and Ringback.]
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950:
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[Also see pt. I] Here are the services that are currently on the 950 ex-
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change:
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1000 - SPC (SPRINT)
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1022 - MCI Execunet
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1033 - US Telephone
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1044 - AllNet
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--More--(64%)
1066 - LexiTel
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1088 - SBS Skyline
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These SCC's (Specialised Common Carriers) are free from fortresses!
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Plant Tests:
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These include ANI, Ringback, and other various tests.
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976:
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Dial 976-1000 to see what is currently on the service. Also, many BBS's
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have a listing of these #'s.
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N11 CODES:
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Bell is trying to phase some of these out, but they still exist in many
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areas:
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011 - International Dialing Prefix
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211 - Coin Refund Operator
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411 - Directory Assistance
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611 - Repair Service
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811 - Business Office
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911 - Emergency!
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--More--(71%)
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INTERNATIONAL DIALING
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With international dialing, the world has been divided into 9 numbering
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codes.
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To make an international call, you must dial:
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International Prefix + Country Code + National #
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In North America, the international dialing prefix is 011 for station-to-
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station calls and 01 for operator-serviced calls. IDDD stands for Internation-
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al Direct Distance Dialing.
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The country code, which varies from 1 to 3 digis, always has the world
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numbering zone as the first digit. For example, the country code for the Unit-
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ed Kingdom is 44, thus it is in world numbering zone 4.
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Some boards may contain a complete listing of other country codes (check
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your local white pages), but here are a few:
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1 - North America (U.S.A., Canada, etc.)
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20 - Egypt
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258 - Mozambique
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34 - Spain
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49 - Germany
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52 - Mexico (Southern portion)
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--More--(80%)
61 - Australia
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7 - USSR
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81 - Japan
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98 - Iran
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If you call from an area other than North America, the format is generally
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the same. For example, let's say you want to call the White House from
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Switzerland. First you would dial 00 (Swiss international dialing prefix),
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then 1 (United States country code), followed by 202-456-1414 (the national #
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for the White House).
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Also, country code 87 is reserved for Maritime Mobile Service, ie calling
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ships:
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871 - Marisat (Atlantic)
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872 - Marisat (Pacific)
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873 - Marisat (Indian)
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International Switching:
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In North America, there are currently 7 #4 ESS's that perform the duty of
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ISC (International Switching Centers). All international calls dialed from
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numbering zone 1 will be routed through one of these "gateway cities." They
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are:
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182 - White Plains, New York
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--More--(90%)
183 - New York, New York
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184 - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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185 - Orlando, Florida
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186 - Oakland, California
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187 - Denver, Colorado
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188 - New York, New York
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The 18X series are operator routing codes for overseas access (to be further
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discussed with Blue Boxes). All international calls use a signaling system
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called CCITT. It is an international standard for signaling.
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COMING SOON:
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In Part IV, we will discuss switching equipment, various operators, CO
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types, et cetera.
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References/Acknowledgements: Notes on the Network, AT&T; TAP, room 603, 147
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W 42 st., New York, NY 10036; Understanding Telephone Electronics, and many
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others/TUC, Mulcher ][, Cheshire Catalyst, and many others who have contributed
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in one way or another to this article.
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--More--(99%)
{G-Files} Command <?>:
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Please enter either [file-name], [l], [h], [q], or [?]
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