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- Dissertation Bibliography from LISTSERV@Uottawa or
LISTSERV@Acadvm1.Uottawa.CA as SHAMAN-1 BIBLIO
This bibliography is also available from the CONTENTS Project
FTP server (PANDA1.UOTTAWA.CA or 137.122.6.16) as
SHAMAN-1.TXT (low ascii text without indentation)
Copyright (C) 1991 by Maureen Elizabeth Korp.
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the author, Maureen
Elizabeth Korp.
For more information about this dissertation, contact:
Maureen Elizabeth Korp
Religious Studies Department
University of Ottawa
177 Waller
Ottawa, Ontario
CANADA K1N 6N5
(613) 237-2052 (voice)
(613) 564-6641 (fax)
E-Mail Address:
<MKORP@UOTTAWA> Bitnet
<MKORP@ACADVM1.UOTTAWA.CA> Internet
==========================================================
EARTHWORKS:
SHAMANISM IN THE RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES
OF CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS IN NORTH AMERICA
by
Maureen Elizabeth Korp
Dissertation presented to the Graduate School
of the University of Ottawa
as partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
(Religious Studies)
Thesis Supervisor: Robert Choquette, Ph.D.
Ottawa, Canada
1991
Maureen Elizabeth Korp, Ottawa, Canada, 1991.
Volume I
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements iii
List of Illustrations xi
List of Tables xiv
Abstract xvii
page
Introduction 1-43
Kratophany and Theophany 5
Earthworks 16
So-called "Primitivism" 19
Intellectual and Scholarly Interpretations 21
Shamanism and the Artist 25
Statement of the Problem 30
Outline of the Approach 34
Endnotes 41
PART I: THE PROBLEM OF EARTHWORKS AS SACRED SPACE
Chapter page
1. Ancient Earthworks in the New World 45-107
Marks upon the Land 48
A Structured Cosmology 55
A Typology of Set-Apart Space 63
"The Earth is My Mother" 81
Impact of Language 87
Conclusions 92
Endnotes 95
Volume I
CONTENTS
Chapter page
2. The Sacred Place: Theoretical Considerations 108-180
Recognition of the Sacred Place 111
Two Sites--sacred or non-sacred? 120
The Art Historian's Approach 124
The Religious Approach of Mircea Eliade 128
The Application of a Sacred Place Typology 134
Esoteric and Occult Interpretations 149
Aesthetic Response 151
Animism as Kratophany 154
Summary 165
Endnotes 171
3. The Contemporary Earthwork in the New World 181-250
The 1969 "Earth Art" Exhibition 185
Site Specificity and the Earthwork 191
Sun Tunnels 196
Complex One/City 200
Lightning Field 205
Spiral Jetty 209
Star Axis 216
Roden Crater 223
The Contemporary Earthwork as Sacred Place 232
Endnotes 240
Volume I
CONTENTS
PART II: THE SHAMAN AS ARTIST (THE ARTIST AS SHAMAN)
Chapter page
4. The Artist's Shamanic Vision 252-314
The Shaman 255
The Shaman and the Artist 257
Lascaux as an Example of Shamanic Art 259
Other Primal Examples of Shamanic Art 264
Style Characteristics 267
Phosphenes and Photisms 269
The Shaman's Vision 273
The Earth-Centered Vision 276
The Artist's Vision 282
A Re-Appraisal of Artistic Vision 286
Conclusion 293
Endnotes 298
PART III: WHAT THE ARTISTS SAY:
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A GROUP OF NORTH AMERICAN ARTISTS
Chapter page
5. Survey Design and Administration 316-356
Some Methodological Issues 317
Design of the Questionnaire 324
Format of the Questionnaire 327
Survey Participant Selection 330
Response Rate to the Questionnaire 334
Interview Procedures 339
Interviewing 340
Interview Text Verification 343
Participant Follow-up 345
Conclusions 346
Endnotes 349
Volume I
CONTENTS
Chapter page
6. The Artists' Questionnaire Results 357-425
Statistical Profile of the Artists Surveyed 362
Summary of the Group's Statistical Profile 379
Questions concerning Artistic Vision and Inspiration 350
Summary of the Group's Shamanic Experiences 397
Earthworks and the Artists 398
The Artist's Empathy for Native Peoples 403
The Artist's Experience of Kratophany 413
Conclusion 416
Endnotes 423
7. Interviews with the Artists 426-517
The Artist as Shaman 428
Franz Geierhaas's Study of 15 Artists 432
Selection of the Artists To Be Interviewed 436
Views on Religion and Religious Art 438
The Power of Art 445
Views on Nature 448
The Artists' Visions 452
Work Routines 462
A Proprietary Point of Discussion 466
Earthworks in America 476
The Artist's Community Role 492
Conclusion 498
Endnotes 501
Volume I
CONTENTS
PART IV: LAST WORDS AND FURTHER THOUGHTS
Chapter page
8. The Earthwork as Geo-Metaphor 519-554
With Words and Pointing Fingers 520
Art as a Religious Discipline 527
The Rigney and Smith Study 530
The Barron Study 533
The Gallup Poll on Religious Experience 536
Studies of Psychedelic Agents, Mysticism, and
Creativity 539
The Buffalo Commons 540
The Earthwork as Geo-Metaphor 543
Afterword 549
Endnotes 550
Volume II
CONTENTS
page
APPENDIX 1. Artist's Questionnaire: Sources of
Archaic Motifs in Contemporary Art 2
Consent for Artist's Interview:
Procedure and Interview Form 8
APPENDIX 2. Artist's Interview Text
anonymous 14
Lorenzo Baca 23
Rick Bartow 35
Betsy Damon 45
Jennifer Dickson 55
Martin Dunn 64
Anita Endrezze 75
Andy Fabo 84
Donna Henes 94
Peter Hutchinson 105
Alex Janvier 115
Ann McCoy 122
Eva Manly 138
Jody Pinto 147
Charles Ross 155
Jim Schoppert 169
Tal Streeter 178
Meryl Taradash 196
Carla Whiteside 209
APPENDIX 3. Curriculum 220
WORKS CONSULTED 221
Volume I
List of Illustrations
figure page
1. Gary Dwyer. "Mea Culpa, My Fault." 2
2. James Turrell. "Roden Crater." 3
3. Charles Ross. "Star Axis." 4
4. Alex Janvier. "Fort Simpson." 6
5. Jody Pinto. "Split Tongue Pier." 7
6. Meryl Taradash. "Waves." 8
7. Betsy Damon. "Memory of Clean Water." 9
8. Jennifer Dickson, R.A. "Memories and Dreams:
Villa Torrigiani di Carmigliano, near Luca, Italy." 10
9. Monks Mound, Mississippian, East St. Louis,
Illinois. 57
10. Flat circular architectonic shapes. 65
11. Flat rectilinear architectonic shapes. 66
12. Conical architectonic shapes. 67
13. Enclosed rectangular architectonic forms. 68
14. Dome-shaped architectonic forms. 69
15. a. Cutaway view of a Thompson Indian pit house,
c. 1900; b. Montezuma's Castle, Sinaqua, c.1250. 70
16. Great Serpent Mound, Adena, Peebles, Ohio. 75
17. a. Reconstruction of the central district of the
Poverty Point, Louisiana, site, c.1000 BCE;
b. detail of the Poverty Point "monster mound." 76
18. Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel, Saskatchewan. 141
19. Ancient lava flow, Oahu. 146
20. Nancy Holt. "Sun Tunnels." 197
Volume I
List of Illustrations
figure page
21. Michael Heizer. "Complex One/City." 202
22. Walter de Maria. "Lightning Field." 206
23. Robert Smithson. "Spiral Jetty." 210
24. Charles Ross. "Sunlight Convergence/Solar Burn." 217
25. Composition with images of a shaman, bison, and a
rhinocerous, from the cave of Lascaux, France,
c. 17000 BCE. 262
26. Manitokanac figure, Ojibway, c. 1870. 281
Volume II
27. Lorenzo Baca. Polychromed wood table. 24
28. Rick Bartow. "Protection." 36
29. Betsy Damon. "Shrine for Everywoman." 46
30. Jennifer Dickson, R.A. "The Fountain of Queen
Dona Maria, Queluz." 56
31. Martin Dunn. "Self-portrait," colourized
videotape. 65
32. Anita Endrezze. Book plate design. 76
33. Andy Fabo. "Sweat Lodge Vision." 86
34. Donna Henes. "Cocoon Ceremony." 95
35. Peter Hutchinson. "Floating Calabash,
August 1969." 106
36. Alex Janvier. "Apple Skydome." 117
37. Ann McCoy. "Altar." 123
Volume II
List of Illustrations
figure page
38. Eva Manly. "Seaweed Circle." 139
39. Jody Pinto. "Fingerspan Bridge." 148
40. Charles Ross. "Star Axis" excavation site,
view S. 157
41. James Schoppert. "Blueberries." 170
42. Tal Streeter, "Dragon Stair." 179
43. Meryl Taradash. "Wings of Light." 197
44. Carla Whiteside. "Le Premier Recit: Qui la
separait des tenebres (The first book: was
divided from the darkness)." 210
Volume I
List of Tables
Table page
1. Summary of Raw Materials, Structural Types, and
Built Forms in Amerindian Architecture 73
2. Artist's Questionnaire Response Rate 337
3. Highest Level of Education Completed by Ethnicity 363
4. Studio Art Training by Sex 364
5. Religious Site Travel by Ethnicity 365
6. Impact of Religious Sites 367
7. Knowledge of Multiple Languages by Ethnicity 368
8. Cultural and Ethnic Groups with whom the Artists
Empathize 370
9. Reasons for Empathy with Another Group 371
10. Important Personal Life Crisis Events 372
11. The Experience of Loss or Disappointment in Love
as an Important Life Crisis Event by Sex 373
12. The Experience of a Joyful Event as an Important
Life Crisis Event by Sex 374
13. The Experience of Racism as an Important Life
Crisis Event by Sex 374
14. The Experience of Sexual Hurt as an Important
Life Crisis Event by Sex 375
15. The Experience of Harm, Hurt, or Loss of Another
Person as an Important Life Crisis Event by
Ethnicity 375
16. The Experience of Racism as an Important Life
Crisis Event by Ethnicity 376
17. Change in Religious Identification: Artists'
Childhood and Adult Affiliations Compared 378
Volume I
List of Tables
Table page
18. Sex Difference in the Experience of Kratophany 381
19. Frequency in Artist's Lifetime of Visionary
Experiences 386
20. Sex Difference in the Age for Obtaining a Vision 387
21. Types of Paranormal Experiences Reported by
Artists 390
22. Sources of Influence upon Arts Imagery 397
23. Ethnicity Difference in Personal Interest in
Earthworks 399
24. A Comparison of Interest in Earthworks and Types
of Paranormal Experiences Reported by Artists 400
25. A Comparison of Interest in Earthworks and
Visionary Experiences Reported by Artists 401
26. A Comparison of Interest in Earthworks and the
Selection by Artists of Earth or Blood as the
Most Important for Their Own Artwork of Four
Archaic Motifs (Blood, Water, Earth, Sun) 402
27. A Comparison of Interest in Earthworks and Travel
to Religious Sites by the Artists 403
28. A Comparison of Interest in Earthworks and Highest
Level of Education Completed 403
29. Reasons for Empathy with Native Peoples and/or
Other Ethnic Groups 406
30. Frequency in Artist's Lifetime of Visionary
Experiences among Those Expressing Feelings of
Empathy for Native Peoples 407
31. The Experience of Kratophany among Those
Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native Peoples 407
32. The Experience of Religious Conversion among
Those Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native
Peoples 408
Volume I
List of Tables
Table page
33. Childhood Religious Affiliations among Those
Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native Peoples 409
34. The Experience of Personal Hurt among Those
Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native Peoples 410
35. Belief in the Ability of Art to Heal among Those
Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native Peoples 410
36. Migratory Travel away from Home to Work on Site
among Those Expressing Feelings of Empathy for
Native Peoples 411
37. Travel to New World Archaic Sites by Those
Expressing Feelings of Empathy for Native Peoples 411
38. Visionary Experiences among Those Reporting
Instances of Kratophany 415
39. Paranormal Experiences among Those Reporting
Instances of Kratophany 415
40. Influence of Paranormal Experiences upon Artistic
Endeavors among Those Reporting Instances of
Kratophany 415
Abstract
Within the last 30 years a number of earthworks have been
built by artists, primarily in North America, but extant
examples are known elsewhere in the world. These artworks
are not intended to be bought and sold or displayed within
the usual gallery-focused art distribution system. They are
site-specific works, often located in remote, hard-to-reach
areas. Curatorial documentation is sometimes incomplete.
Some artists do not even list their earthwork projects on
their resumes. What then is the purpose of the contemporary
earthworks? They appear to be similar in siting and
materials to archaic earthworks which we assume to be sacred
in intentionality. Are the contemporary works also religious
statements of sacral orientation?
In this exploratory study, 203 questionnaires were sent to
artists throughout North America whose work seemed to show an
especial interest in earthworks, visionary experiences,
and/or nature. (Half of the artists selected were female
artists, one-fourth were artists of self-identified
Amerindian ancestry, and half had Canadian addresses.)
Questions were asked of the artists concerning visionary
experiences, paranormal experiences, life crises, religious
background and current religious affiliation, among other
things. The questionnaire return rate was 54.7% or 120
completed questionnaires. Subsequent interviews were
conducted with 19 artists.
The findings of the survey indicate that for most of the
artists in the group--native and non-native alike, male and
female alike--their visions and paranormal experiences
inspire and authenticate their work as artists, work which
they themselves believe to be "healing" and linked to the
earth as sacred, a world in which they frequently encounter
"sacred places," power centers, and other experiences of mana
or kratophany. In very special ways, the artists feel
themselves to be mediums for a sacred knowledge which they
believe comes from nature, from the earth, from the energies
of all life, of all time--but not from god or gods per se.
The artists appear to perceive the world as a self-contained
whole, a healing whole, and in their art they take part in
that healing whole.
Thus, the dissertation argues that the analogy of shaman as
artist (artist as shaman) is a useful one to make to
explicate the religious experiences of artists; that artists
can be studied as a group using the statistical profile
methods of social sciences; and that contemporary earthworks
may constitute a hitherto unrecognized body of sacred art.
If so, they are sacred places.
WORKS CONSULTED
The following list of articles, monographs, and interviews is
divided into nine parts arranged under two major headings--
primary and secondary documents. Under the heading of
primary documents is one subheading for the list of first-
person statements by artists used in the study. Some are
published articles and interviews. Others are artists'
catalogue statements. Still others are unpublished
interviews and letters, plus notes from telephone
conversations and informal meetings.
Under the heading of secondary documents are eight further
subheadings arranged with the hope that the reader will find
the subject listings helpful because the bibliography is both
lengthy and interdisciplinary. Titles are not double-listed
under different headings. Under art criticism will be found
articles about contemporary art and artists, particularly
with reference to earthworks, which were not written by the
artists being discussed.
Under shamanism, the reader can locate general writings on
shamanism and neo-shamanism. Most of the titles listed are
for cross-cultural and/or comparative studies. Tribal-
specific studies of shamanism and individual profiles of
shamans are also listed here, and studies of shamanism and
"primitive" and/or archaic art forms.
The listings for Amerindian traditions and culture comprise
a variety of items, including visual arts, but omitting
shamanism, having to do with the peoples of the first nations
of North and South America.
The psychology of art, creativity, and mysticism listings
are, for the most part, Western-oriented contemporary studies
of creativity in the visual arts, trance experiences, and psi
phenomena.
The religion and art listing includes studies which discuss
the relationship of art to religion and studies concerned
with the origin of religion (and/or art), especially those of
the Old World paleolithic and neolithic eras. The listing
also includes some general work in religious studies typology
and "patterns" (Mircea Eliade's felicitiously chosen term) of
religiosity.
The section entitled topofilia includes studies of North
American cultural geography, ecology, eco-theology and geo-
piety. Studies of architectonic space, particularly with
reference to contemporary North American culture and
religions, are listed here also.
The social sciences methodology section lists the how-to
titles which guided the survey design (questionnaire and
interviews), and the interpretation of the survey's findings.
Finally, miscellany as a subsection heading is just what its
title says--a catch-all list of reference books which I
consulted from time-to-time.
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
1. Artist's Statements and Interviews
Andre, Carl. <B>Carl Andre</B>. The Hague: Gemeentemuseum,
1969.
Anonymous artist. Interview, by telephone, British
Columbia, July 13, 1989.
Baca, Lorenzo. Interview, by telephone, Sonora,
California, July 30, 1989.
Barrie, David. "Religion, Science, and Art," <B>Apollo</B>,
vol.79, nr.327 (May 1989). pp.313-316.
Bartow, Rick. Interview, by telephone, South Beach,
Oregon, July 24, 1989.
Bridges, Marilyn. "High Overview, Newark, Ohio, 1982," <B>
Aperture</B>, issue 98 (Spring 1985). unpaged.
________. <B>Markings: Aerial views of sacred
landscapes</B>. New York: Aperture Foundation, 1986.
________. "Serpent Mound, Adams County, Ohio, 1982," <B>
Aperture</B>, issue 98 (Spring 1985). unpaged.
Damon, Betsy. Interview, in-person, New York City, July 2,
1989.
Dickson, Jennifer. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, July 5,
1989.
"Discussions with Heizer, Oppenheim, Smithson,"
<B>Avalanche</B>, Fall 1970. pp.48-70.
Dunn, Martin. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, June 26, 1989.
Dwyer, Gary. "Mea Culpa, My Fault: A report on an
earthwork in progress," <B>Leonardo</B>, vol. 19, nr.4
(1986). pp.285-287.
________. "The Power under our Feet: Mea Culpa (My
Fault): A work in progress," <B>Landscape
Architecture</B>, May/June 1986. pp.65-68. (Response:
July/August 1986, p.9.)
Edelson, Mary Beth. <B>Seven Cycles: Public rituals</B>.
New York: Privately published, 1980.
Endrezze, Anita. Interview, by telephone, Spokane,
Washington, July 26, 1989.
Fabo, Andy. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, June 17, 1989.
Haacke, Hans. <B>Earth</B>. Ithaca: Andrew Dickson White
Museum, Cornell University, 1969.
Heizer, Michael. "Discussions with Heizer, Oppenheim,
Smithson," <B>Avalanche</B>, issue 1 (Fall 1970).
pp.24ff.
________. <B>Michael Heizer</B>. Essen: Museum Folkwang,
1979.
Henes, Donna. <B>Dressing Our Wounds</B>. Los Angeles:
Astro Artz, 1982.
________. Interview, in-person, Brooklyn, New York, July
19, 1989.
Hompson, Davi Det (David Thompson). Richmond, Virginia.
Personal communication, January 25, 1990.
Hutchinson, Peter. "Earth in Upheaval: Earthworks and
landscapes," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, November 1978.
pp.19-21.
________. Interview, by telephone, Provincetown,
Massachusetts, July 27, 1989.
Janvier, Alex. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, June 25,
1989.
_________. Personal communication, February 1989.
Kiesler, Frederick. <B>Inside the Endless House, Art,
People, and Architecture: A journal</B>. New
York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.
Lipke, William C. "Earth Systems," <B>Earth Art</B>.
Ithaca, New York: Andrew Dickson White Museum of
Art, 1969. unpaged.
McCoy, Ann. Interview, in-person, New York City, July 20,
1989.
Manly, Eva. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, July 6, 1989.
Meadmore, Clement. "Thoughts on Earthworks, Random
Distribution, Softness, Horizontality, and Gravity,"
<B>Arts Magazine</B>, February 1969. pp.26-28.
Morris, Robert. "Statement by Robert Morris," <B>The Arts
(Earthworks): Newsletter of the King County Arts
Commission</B>, vol. 8, nr. 7 (July 1979). pp.1-6.
Munro, Eleanor. "Art in the Desert," <B>New York Times</B>,
December 7, 1986. pp.9, 38.
Orion, Ezra. "Sculpture in the Solar System: From
geologically based earthworks to astro-sculpture,"
<B>Leonardo</B>, vol.18, nr.3 (1985). pp.157-160.
Pinto, Jody. <B>Excavations and Constructions: Notes for
the body/land</B>. Philadelphia: Marian Locks
Gallery, 1979.
________. Interview, in-person, New York City, July 21,
1989; by telephone, New York City, July 26, 1989.
Ross, Charles. Interview, by telephone, Las Vegas, New
Mexico, September 12, 1989.
_________. Personal communication, August 2, 1990.
________. "Star Axis: Where the earth meets the sky."
Unpublished prospectus, 1987, revised 1990.
_________. <B>The Substance of Light: Sunlight Dispersion,
the Solar Burns, Point Source/Star Space: Selected work
of Charles Ross, February 6-March 14, 1976.</B>
LaJolla, California: LaJolla Museum of Contemporary
Art, 1976.
________. "Sunlight Convergence/Solar Burns," <B>Co-
Evolution Quarterly</B>, Winter 1977-78.
pp.104-107.
Saad-Cook, Janet. "Touching the Sky: Artworks using
natural phenomena, earth, sky, and connections to
astronomy," <B>Leonardo</B>, vol.21, nr.2 (1988).
pp.123-134.
Schoppert, Jim. Interview, by telephone, Seattle,
Washington, July 24, 1989.
Simonds, Charles. "Microcosm to Macrocosm," <B>Art
Forum</B>, February 1974. pp.36-39.
________. <B>Three Peoples</B>. Genoa, Italy:
Samanedizioni, 1976.
Sonfist, Alan. "Letters to the Editor," <B>New York Times
Magazine</B>, December 10, 1989. p.18.
Streeter, Tal. Interviews, by telephone, Milbrook, New
York, September 17, 24, 1989.
________. <B>Six Sculptors in America: Jacques Lipchitz,
Louise Nevelson, Seymour Lipton, Jose de Rivera, Richard
Stankiewicz, and John Chamberlain</B>. Unpublished MFA
thesis, University of Kansas, 1961.
Taradash, Meryl. Interview, in-person, New York City, July
20, 1989.
Turrell, James. Personal communication. Flagstaff,
Arizona, March 24, 1989.
Whiteside, Carla. Interview, in-person, Ottawa, July 12,
1989.
SECONDARY DOCUMENTS
<B>2. Art Criticism</B>
Abadie, Daniel. "Simonds: Life built to dream
dimensions." <B>Charles Simonds</B>. Chicago: Museum
of Contemporary Art, 1981. pp.31-34.
Adcock, Craig. "Anticipating 19,084: James Turrell's
<B>Roden Crater Project</B>," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, May
1984. pp.76-85.
________. "The Big Bad: A critical comparison of Mount
Rushmore and modern earthworks," <B>Arts Magazine</B>,
April 1983. pp.104-107.
Alloway, Lawrence. "Robert Smithson's Development." In
<B>Art in the Land: A critical anthology of
environmental art</B>, ed. Alan Sonfist. New
York: E.P. Dutton, 1983. pp.125-141.
Amaya, Mario. "Land Reform: New monuments by Michael
Heizer," <B>Studio International</B>, vol. 198, nr. 1009
(l985). pp.18-22.
Baele, Nancy. "Inuit Artist Draws to Sell," <B>Ottawa
Citizen</B>, July 7, 1990. p.G-3.
Baker, Elizabeth C. "Artworks on the Land." In <B>Art in the
Land: A critical anthology</B>, ed. Alan Sonfist.
New York: E.P. Dutton, 1983. pp.73-84.
Beardsley, John. <B>Earthworks and Beyond</B>. New York:
Abbeville Press, 1989.
________. "On the Loose with the Little People: A
geography of Simond's art." In <B>Charles Simonds</B>.
Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1981. pp.26-30.
________. <B>Probing the Earth: Contemporary land
projects</B>. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution Press, 1977.
________. "Traditional Aspects of New Land Art," <B>Art
Journal</B>, Fall 1982. pp.226-232.
Bletter, Rosemarie Haag. "Global Earthworks," <B>Art
Journal</B>, Fall 1982. pp.222-225.
Brenson, Michael. "Sculpture for Troubled Places," <B>New
York Times</B>, October 15, 1989. sec.2, pp.1,42.
Castle, Ted. "Nancy Holt, Siteseer," <B>Art in America</B>,
March 1982. pp.84-91.
Chafee, Katherine Smith. "Charles Ross," <B>Artspace</B>,
Fall 1981. pp.24-27.
Christ, Ronald. "Masks, Tents, Vessels, Talismans: The
Institute of Contemporary Art, University of
Pennsylvania, Dec.5, 1979-Jan.13, 1980,"
<B>artscanada</B>, April/May 1980. pp.46-47.
Clay, Grady. "King County's Earthworks Symposium Breaking
New Ground with Land Reclamation as Sculpture," <B>The
Arts (Earthworks): Newsletter of the King County Arts
Commission</B>, vol.8, nr.7 (July 1979). pp.1-6.
Crone, Rainer. "Prime Objects of Art: Scale, Shape, Time,"
<B>Perspecta</B>, issue 19. pp.1 4-35.
Dalton, Deborah W. "Still Life in Quarry," <B>Landscape
Architecture</B>, May/June 1985. pp.66-69.
Dancer, Daniel. "In Concert with Nature," <B>Southwest
Art</B>, issue 16 (January 1987). p.84.
Davies,Peter and Tony Knipe, eds. <B>A Sense of Place:
Sculpture in the landscape</B>. Tyne and Wear,
England: Ceolfrith Press, 1984.
Deitch, Jeffrey. "The New Economics of Environmental Art."
In <B>Art in the Land: A critical anthology of
environmental art</B> ed. Alan Sonfist. New York:
E.P. Dutton, 1983. pp.85-91.
Dotson, Esther Gordon. "Shapes of Earth and Time in
European Gardens," <B>Art Journal</B>, Fall 1982.
pp.210-216.
Dwan, Virginia. "Reflections on Robert Smithson," <B>Art
Journal</B>, Fall 1982. p.232.
Eaton, Linda B. "Nora Naranjo-Morse: Santa Clara
sculptor." <B>A Separate Vision</B>. Flagstaff,
Arizona: Museum of Northern Arizona,
<B>Plateau</B>, vol. 60, nr. 1, 1989.
Evans, Karen. "Walking through Rainbows: A new trip at
the San Francisco Airport," <B>Image</B>, May 10, 1987.
p.29.
Fry, Edward. <B>Robert Morris/Projects</B>. Philadelphia:
Institute of Contemporary Art, 1974.
Fuller, Peter. "Carl Andre," <B>Art Monthly</B>, issue 16/17
(1978). pp.5-11.
Gablik, Suzi. "Making Art as if the World Mattered," <B>Utne
Reader</B>, issue 34 (July/August 1989). pp. 71-76.
Gadon, Elinor W. <B>The Once and Future Goddess: A symbol
for our time</B>. San Francisco: Harper & Row,
1989.
Geierhaas, Franz and Birgitte Hellgoth. <B>The Creative Act:
Paths to realization/interviews with 15
artists</B>. New Hope, Pennsylvania:
International Print Society, 1984.
Gilbert-Rolfe, Jeremy. "Sculpture as Everything Else,
Twenty Years or So of the Question of Landscape,"
<B>Arts Magazine</B>, January 1988. pp.71-75.
Gill, Brendan. "A Sculptor's Obsession in Upstate New
York," <B>Architectural Digest</B>, issue 46 (March
1989). pp.46-54.
Goldwater, Robert. <B>Primitivism in Modern Art</B> (1938).
New York: Vintage Books, 1967.
Gopnick, Adam. "Basic Stuff: Robert Smithson, science,
and primitivism," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, March 1983.
pp.74-88.
Grundberg, Andy. "As it must to all, death comes to post-
modernism," <B>New York Times</B>, September 16,
1990, pp.H-47, 52.
Hall, Carol. "Environmental Artists: Sources and
Directions." In <B>Art in the Land: A critical
anthology of environmental art</B>, ed. Alan
Sonfist. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1983. pp.8-59.
Hall, James. "Landscape Art: Public art or public
convenience," <B>Apollo</B>, vol. 79, nr.325 (March
1989). pp.157-222.
Hapgood, Fred. "Roden's Eye," <B>Atlantic Monthly</B>,
August 1987. pp.46-52.
Hobbs, Robert. "Editor's Statement: Earthworks, past and
present," <B>Art Journal</B>, Fall 1982. pp.191-194.
House, Dorothy. <B>Roden Crater</B>. Flagstaff, Arizona:
Museum of Northern Arizona, 1988.
Hughes, Robert. <B>The Shock of the New: Art and the
century of change</B>. London: British
Broadcasting Corporation, 1980.
Johnson, Jory. "Presence of Stone," <B>Landscape
Architecture</B>, July/August 1986. pp.64-69.
Johnson, Yankee. "Earthworks: Combining environmental and
land issues," <B>The Arts (Earthworks): Newsletter of
the King County Arts Commission</B>, vol. 8, nr. 7 (July
1979). pp.1-6.
Kantrowitz, Barbara and Karen Springen. "Glass, Steel, and
Sunlight: The `solar sculptures' of Dale Eldred,"
<B>Newsweek</B>, May 15, 1989. p.69.
Kelley, Jeff. "Light-Years," <B>Art Forum</B>, November
1985. pp.73-75.
Kimmelman, Michael. "Getting to the Heart of an Image's
Power," <B>New York Times</B>, October 29, 1989. sec.H,
pp.37, 43.
Kluesing, Cherie. "Site Artists: The role of outsiders in
landscape design," <B>Landscape Architecture</B>, issue
78 (April/May 1988). pp.120ff.
Kuspit, Donald B. "Caves and Temples," <B>Art in
America</B>, April 1982. pp.129-33.
________. "Charles Ross: Light's measure." In <B>Art in the
Land: A critical anthology of environmental
art</B>, ed. Alan Sonfist. New York: E.P.
Dutton, 1983. pp.159-168.
________. "The Pascalian Spiral: Robert Smithson's
drunken boat," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, October 1981.
pp.82-88.
Langager, Craig. "Getting a Symposium off the Ground: A
process in itself," <B>The Arts (Earthworks):
Newsletter of the King County Arts Commission</B>, vol.
8, nr.7 (July 1979). pp.1-6.
Leavitt, Thomas W. "Foreword," <B>Earth Art</B>. Ithaca,
New York: Andrew Dickson White Museum of Art,
1969.
unpaged.
LeVeque, Terry Ryan. "Nancy Holt's `Sky Mound': Adaptive
technology creates celestial perspectives," <B>Landscape
Architecture</B>, issue 78 (April/May 1988). pp.82, 85-
86.
Levin, Gail. "American Art." In <B>Primitivism in 20th
Century Art: Affinity of the tribal and the modern</B>,
ed. William Rubin. New York: Museum of Modern Art,
1984. pp.453-474.
Levy, Mark. "The Shaman is a Gifted Artist: Shamanism in
the work of Yves Klein, Joseph Beuys, Mary Beth Edelson,
and Karen Finley," <B>High Performance 43</B>, vol. 11,
nr.3 (Fall 1988). pp.54-67.
Lippard, Lucy R. "Fire and Stone: Politics and ritual."
In <B>Seven Cycles: Public rituals</B>, by Mary
Beth Edelson. New York: Mary Beth Edelson, 1980.
pp.6-9.
________. <B>Overlay: Contemporary art and the art of
prehistory</B>. New York: Pantheon Books, 1983.
McEvilley, Thomas. "Art in the Dark," <B>Art Forum</B>,
Summer 1983, pp.62-71. (Responses: <B>Art
Forum</B>, October 1983, pp.2-4.)
Malone, Maggie. "The Great Outdoors: No more giant
sculptures plopped in plazas," <B>Newsweek</B>, October
23, 1989. pp.76-79.
Mansbach, S.A. "An Earthwork of Surprise: the 18th-
century ha-ha," <B>Art Journal</B>, Fall, 1982. pp.217-
221.
Massie, Sue. "Timeless Healing at Buffalo Rock,"
<B>Landscape Architecture</B>, May/June 1985.
pp.70-71.
Miller, Naomi. <B>Heavenly Caves: Reflections on the garden
grotto</B>. New York: George Braziller, 1982.
Molderings, Herbert. <B>Charles Simonds: Floating Cities
and Other Architectures</B>. Munster, Germany:
Westfalischer Kunstverein, 1978.
Munro, Eleanor. "Art in the Desert," <B>New York Times</B>,
December 7, 1986. p.38.
Neff, John Hallmark. "Charles Simonds' Engendered Places:
Towards a biology of architecture." In <B>Charles
Simonds</B>, John Hallmark Neff, <B>et al.</B> Chicago:
Museum of Contemporary Art, 1981. pp.12-25.
________. "Commentaries." In <B>Charles Simonds</B>, John
Hallmark Neff, <B>et al.</B> Chicago: Museum of
Contemporary Art, 1981. pp.68-72.
________, John Beardsley, and Daniel Abadie. <B>Charles
Simonds</B>. Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art,
1981.
Piper, David, ed. "Land and Earth Art." In <B>RandomHouse
Library of Painting & Sculpture</B>, vol. 3.
New York: Random House, 1981.
pp.248-249.
Ranney, Edward. "Excavating the Present," <B>Aperture</B>,
issue 98 (Spring 1985). pp.42-47.
Rickey, Carrie. "Naive Nouveau and its Malcontents,"
<B>Flash Art</B>, issue 98/99 (Summer 1980).
pp.36-39.
Rodiger-Diruf, Erika. "Ausstellung: Zuruck zur Natur,
aber wie?" <B>Du</B>, issue 6 (1988), pp.78-86.
Rosenthal,Mark. "Some Attitudes of Earth Art: From
competition to adoration." In <B>Art in the Land:
A critical anthology of environmental art</B>, ed.
Alan Sonfist. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1983.
pp.60-72.
Roos, Sandra. "Women's Imagery/Women's Art." In <B>Women's
Culture: The women's renaissance of the
seventies</B>. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow
Press, 1981. pp.42-59.
Rubin, William. "Modernist Primitivism: An introduction."
In <B>Primitivism in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the
tribal and the modern</B>, ed. William Rubin. New York:
Museum of Modern Art, 1984. pp.1-81.
Russell, John. "James Turrell (1986)," <B>Reading Russell:
Essays 1941-1988 on ideas, literature, art, theatre,
music, places, and persons</B>. New York: Harry N.
Abrams, 1989. pp.123-126.
________. "Joseph Beuys (1986)," <B>Reading Russell: Essays
1941-1988 on ideas, literature, art, theatre, music,
places, and persons</B>. New York: Harry N. Abrams,
1989. pp.121-123.
Saltz, Jerry. "Notes on a Sculpture: Alan Sonfist's
`Slice of Life'," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, May 1989.
pp.13-44.
"Scorched Earth: An elemental work by Hideho Tanaka," <B>
Crafts</B>, issue 76 (September-October 1985), pp.28-31.
Shaffer, Diana. "Nancy Holt: Spaces for reflections or
projections." In <B>Art in the Land: A critical
anthology of environmental art</B>, ed. Alan
Sonfist. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1983. pp.169-
177.
Shapiro, Gary. "Entropy and Dialectic: The signatures of
Robert Smithson," <B>Arts Magazine</B>, June 1988.
pp.99-104.
Sharp, Willoughby. "Notes toward an Understanding of Earth
Art," <B>Earth Art</B>. Ithaca, New York: Andrew
Dickson White Museum of Art, 1969. unpaged.
Sonfist, Alan, ed. <B>Art in the Land: A critical anthology
of environmental art.</B> New York: E.P. Dutton, 1983.
Speed, Harold. "The Shock of Modern Art," <B>Utne
Reader</B>, issue 34 (July/August 1989).
pp.68-71.
Spektorov, Bette. "The Impact of Megalithic Landscapes on
Contemporary Art," <B>Studio International</B>, vol.
196, nr. 999 (April/May 1983). pp.6-9.
Stevens, Mark. "Turrell's Celestial Vault," <B>Newsweek</B>,
February 10, 1986, p.71.
"This art all rock but hard to roll," <B>The Ottawa
Citizen</B>, May 11, 1989, pp.D-10.
Thorson, Alice. "A Paragon of Art in the '80s," <B>Art
News</B>, January 1986. pp.11-12.
Titterington, Chris. "The Unpainted Landscape,"
<B>Apollo</B>, August 1988. pp.129-131.
Varnedoe, Kirk. "Abstract Expressionism." In <B>Primitivism
in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the tribal and the
modern</B>, ed. William Rubin. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1984. pp.615-660.
________. "Contemporary Explorations." In <B>Primitivism in
20th Century Art: Affinity of the tribal and the
modern</B>, ed. William Rubin. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1984. pp.661-685.
________. "Preface." In <B>Primitivism in 20th Century Art:
Affinity of the tribal and the modern</B>, ed.
William Rubin. New York: Museum of Modern Art,
1984.
Vastokas, Joan M. "The Roots of Abstraction: An
introduction," <B>artscanada</B>, issue 226/227
(May-June 1979), pp.2-23, 68.
Wedewer, Rolf. "Neuer Exotismus," <B>Kunstwerk
Stuttgart</B>, vol.33, nr.5 (1980). pp.3-34.
Wilkinson, Alan G. "Henry Moore." In <B>Primitivism in 20th
Century Art: Affinity of the tribal and the modern</B>,
ed. William Rubin. New York: Museum of Modern Art,
1984. pp.595-614.
Zellweger, Harry. "Mythos und Ritual in der Kunst der 70er
Jahre, Kuntsthaus Zurich (5.6-23.8.81)," <B>Kunstwerk,
Stuttgart</B>, vol. 34, nr. 5 (1981). pp. 74-75.
<B>3. Shamanism</B>
Achterberg, Jeanne. "The Shaman: Master healer in an
imaginary realm." In <B>Shamanism: An expanded view of
reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson. Madras, India:
Theosophical Publishing House, 1987. pp.103-124.
Backmann, Louise and Ake Hultkrantz. <B>Studies in Lapp
Shamanism</B>. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
Boyd, Doug. <B>Rolling Thunder</B>. New York: Delta
Books, 1976.
Boyer, L. Bryce. "Further Remarks Concerning Shamans and
Shamanism," <B>Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related
Disciplines</B>, vol. 2, nr. 2 (1964). pp. 235-257.
________. "Notes on the Personality Structure of a North
American Indian Shaman," <B>Journal of the Hillside
Hospital</B>, issue 10 (1961). pp.14-33.
Brasser, Ted. "Wolf Collar: The shaman as artist," <B>
artscanada</B>, issue 184, 185, 186, 187 (December 1973-
January 1974). pp. 70-73.
Brown, Michael Forbes. "Dark Side of the Shaman," <B>Natural
History</B>, November 1989. pp.8-10.
Casteneda, Carlos. <B>The Teachings of Don Juan: A
Yaqui way of knowledge</B>. New York: Pocket
Books, 1974.
Ch'oe, Kil-song. "The Symbolic Meaning of Shamanic Ritual
in Korean Folk Life," <B>Journal of Ritual
Studies</B>, Summer 1989, vol.3, nr.2. pp.217-
233.
Davenport, Demorest and Michael A. Jochim. "The Scene in
the Shaft at Lascaux," <B>Antiquity</B>, issue 62
(1988). pp.558-562.
Eaton, Evelyn. <B>The Shaman and the Medicine Wheel</B>.
Wheaton, Illinois: Theosophical Publishing House, 1982.
Eliade, Mircea. <B>Shamanism: Archaic techniques of
ecstasy</B> (1951). Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1964.
Elkin, A. P. <B>Aboriginal Men of High Degree</B> (1946).
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978.
Faulstich, Paul. "Shaman, Ritual, Place: Sacred sites and
spiritual transformation," <B>Earth First!</B>,
September 22, 1989. p.26.
Furst, Peter T. "The Roots and Continuities of Shamanism,"
<B>artscanada</B>, issue 184, 185, 186, 187
(December 1973- January 1974). pp.33-60.
Grim, John A. <B>The Shaman: Patterns of Siberian and
Ojibway Healing</B>. Norman, Oklahoma:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.
Guedon, Marie-Francoise. "Critical Workshop on Shamanic
Method and Exploration of Athapaskan Shamanic Method,"
Department of Religious Studies, University of Ottawa,
March 2, 1989. Department seminar.
________. "Dreams in Northern Athapaskan Shamanism,"
University of Ottawa, March 2, 1989. Public lecture.
________. "An Introduction to Tsimshian World View and Its
Practitioners." In <B>The Tsimshian: Images of the
past; views for the present</B>, ed. Margaret Seguin.
Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984.
pp.137-159.
________. Personal communication, Nov. 13, 1989.
________. "Tsimshian Shamanic Images." In <B>The Tsimshian:
Images of the past; views for the present</B>, ed.
Margaret Seguin. Vancouver: University of British
Columbia Press, 1984. pp.174-211.
Harner, Michael. <B>The Way of the Shaman: A guide to power
and healing</B>. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.
________, ed. <B>Hallucinogens and Shamanism</B>. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1973.
________ and Gary Doore. "The Ancient Wisdom in Shamanic
Cultures: An interview with Michael Harner conducted by
Gary Doore." In <B>Shamanism: An expanded view of
reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson. Madras, India:
Theosophical Publishing House, 1987. pp.3-16.
Hoppal, Mihaly. "Shamanism: An archaic and/or recent
system of beliefs." In <B>Shamanism: An expanded view
of reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson. Madras, India:
Theosophical Publications, 1987. pp.76-99.
Houston, Jean. "Foreword." In <B>Shamanism: An expanded
view of reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson. Madras,
India: Theosophical Publications, 1987. pp.vii-xvi.
Hultkrantz, Ake. "A Definition of Shamanism,"
<B>Temenos</B>, issue 9 (1973). pp.25-37.
________. "Ecological and Phenomenological Aspects of
Shamanism." In <B>Studies in Lapp Shamanism</B>, eds.
Louise Backman and Ake Hultkrantz. Stockholm: Almqvist
& Wiksell, 1978. pp.9-35.
Johnson, Nick. "Bits of Dough, Twigs of Fire,"
<B>artscanada</B>, issue 184, 185, 186, 187 (December
1973- January 1974). pp.61-69.
Johnson, Ronald. <B>The Art of the Shaman</B>. Iowa City,
Iowa: Iowa University Museum of Art Publications,
1973.
Kalweit, Holger. <B>Dreamtime and Inner Space: The world of
the shaman</B>. Boston and London: Shambhala, 1988.
King, Serge. "The Way of the Adventurer." In <B>Shamanism:
An expanded view of reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson.
Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1987.
pp.189-203.
Krippner, Stanley. "Dreams and Shamanism." In <B>Shamanism:
An expanded view of reality</B>, ed. Shirley Nicholson.
Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1987.
pp.125-132.
Levy, Mark. "Book Review: <B>Dreamings, the Art of
Aboriginal Australia</B>, ed. Peter Sutton," <B>Shaman's
Drum</B>, issue 16 (Spring 1989). pp.58-59.
Lewis, Ioan M. "What is a Shaman?" <B>Folk</B>, issue 23
(1981), pp.25-35.
Lewis, Michael. "Shamanism: A link between two worlds,"
<B>Earth First!</B>, September 22, 1989.
pp.27-28.
Lommel, Andreas. <B>Shamanism: The beginnings of art</B>.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
Luna, Luis Eduardo. "The Ayahuasca Visions of Pablo
Amaringo," <B>Shaman's Drum</B>, issue 20 (Summer 1990),
pp.30-43.
Merkur, Daniel. "Inuit Conceptions of Witchcraft." In <B>
Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback. Uppsala, Sweden:
Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural
History, 1987. pp.279-293.
Nicholson, Shirley. <B>Shamanism</B>. Madras, India:
Theosophical Publishing House, 1982.
Noel, Daniel. "Can the New Shamanism Come of Age? Cross-
Cultural Fantasy and Fictive Power in a Popular
Religious Movement." Unpublished paper. Presented at
the American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting, New
Orleans, November 17, 1990.
Norlander-Unsgaard, Siv. "On Time-reckoning in Old Saami
Culture." In <B>Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback.
Uppsala, Sweden: Donner Institute for Research in
Religious and Cultural History, 1987. pp.81-93.
Paul, Anne and Solveig A. Turpin. "The Ecstatic Shaman
Theme of Paracas Textiles," <B>Archaeology</B>,
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Pentikainen, Juha Y. "Saami Shamanic Drum in Rome." In
<B>Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback. Uppsala,
Donner Institute for Research in Religion and Cultural
History, 1987. pp.124-149.
Pettersson, Olof. "Old Nordic and Christian Elements in
Saami Ideas about the Realm of the Dead." <B>Saami
Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback. Uppsala, Sweden:
Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural
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Porterfield, Amanda. "Shamanism: A psychosocial
definition," <B>Journal of the American Academy of
Religion</B>, vol.55, nr.4 (Winter 1987). pp.721-740.
Rogo, D. Scott. "Shamanism, ESP, and the Paranormal." In
<B>Shamanism: An expanded view of reality</B>, ed.
Shirley Nicholson. Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing
House, 1987. pp.133-144.
Schlesier, Karl H. <B>The Wolves of Heaven: Cheyenne
shamanism, ceremonies, and pre-historic origins</B>.
Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
Siikala, Anna-Leena. <B>The Rite Technique of the Siberian
Shaman</B>. Helsinki: Suomalainen
Tiiedeakatemia/Academia Scientarum Fennica, 1978.
Sommarstrom, Bo. "Ethnoastronomical Perspectives on Saami
Religion." In <B>Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback.
Uppsala: Donner Institute for Research in Religions and
Cultural History, 1987. pp.211-250.
Sun Bear, Wabun, and Barry Weinstock. <B>Sun Bear: The path
of power</B>. New York: Prentice-Hall Press, 1987.
Vastokas, Joan M. "The Shamanic Tree of Life,"
<B>artscanada</B>, issue 184, 185, 186, 187
(December 1973- January 1974). pp.125-149.
Vorren, Ornulv. "Sacrificial Sites, Types, and Functions."
In <B>Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore Ahlback. Uppsala:
Donner Institute for Research in Religions and Cultural
History, 1987. pp.94-109.
Wilbert, Johannes. "The Calabash of the Ruffled Feathers,"
<B>artscanada</B>, issue 184, 185, 186, 187
(December 1973-January 1974). pp.90-93.
Zachrisson, Inger. "Sjiele Sacrifices, Odin Treasures, and
Saami Graves?" In <B>Saami Religion</B>, ed. Tore
Ahlback. Uppsala: Donner Institute for Research in
Religious and Cultural History, 1987. pp.61-68.
<B>4. Amerindian Traditions and Culture</B>
Albers, Patricia and Jeanne Kay. "Sharing the Land: A
study in American Indian territoriality." In <B>A
Cultual Geography of North American Indians</B>, eds.
Thomas E. Ross and Tyrel G. Moore. Boulder, Colorado:
Westview Press, 1987. pp.47-92.
Allen, Paula Gunn. <B>The Sacred Hoop</B>. Boston: Beacon
Press, 1986.
Aveni, Anthony F. <B>Archaeoastronomy in Pre-columbian
America</B>. Austin: University of Texas, 1975.
________. <B>Native American Astronomy</B>. Austin:
University of Texas, 1975.
________. "The Nazca Lines: Patterns in the desert,"
<B>Archaeology</B>, July/August 1986. pp.32-39.
Ballas, Donald J. "Historical Geography and American
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Tyrel G. Moore. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,
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Barbar, John. "Oriental Enigma: Controversial evidence
suggests Asian sailors explored the New World
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Barringer, Felicity. "Mixed-Race Generation Emerges But Is
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Bridges, Diane. Museum of Canadian Civilization, Ottawa.
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________. <B>The Spiritual Legacy of the American
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Clarissa W. Atkinson, Constance H. Buchanen, and
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________. <B>Masks of God: Primitive mythology</B>. New
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Cardinal-Schubert, Joanne. "In the Red: Safeguarding the
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Carrasco, David. <B>Religions of Mesoamerica: Cosmovision
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Clark, Matt; Jane Whitmore; and Eduardo, Levy-Spira. "Move
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Corbitt, David Leroy, ed. <B>Explorations, Descriptions, and
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Raleigh, North Carolina: State Department of Archives
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Craik, Brian. "The Animate in Cree Languages and
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David, Jay, ed. <B>The American Indian: The first
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Devereux, George. <B>Reality and Dream: Psychotherapy of a
Plains Indian</B>. New York: International
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Driver, Harold E. <B>Indians of North America</B>. Chicago:
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Duff, Wilson. "The World is as Sharp as a Knife: Meaning
in northern Northwest Coast art." In <B>The World is as
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Columbia Provincial Museum, 1981. pp.209-224.
Eaton, Linda B. "Nora Noranjo-Morse: Santa Clara
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Eliades, David K. "Two Worlds Collide: The European
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Tyrel G. Moore. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,
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Farb, Peter. <B>Man's Rise to Civilization as Shown by the
Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the
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Fedorick, Joy Asham. "Fencepost Sitting and How I Fell Off
to One Side," <B>Artscraft</B>, vol. 2, nr.3 (Fall
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Feest, Christian F. "From North America." In <B>Primitivism
in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the tribal and the
modern</B>, ed. William Rubin. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1984. pp.84-97.
Fell, Barry. <B>America B.C.: Ancient settlers in the New
World</B>. London: Wildwood House, 1976.
________. <B>Saga America</B>. New York: Times Books,
1980.
Fienup-Riordan, Ann. "Eye of the Dance: Spiritual life of
the Bering Sea Eskimo." In <B>Crossroads of Continents:
Cultures of Siberia and Alaska</B>, eds. William W.
Fitzhugh and Aron Crowell. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution, 1988. pp.256-307.
Folsom, Franklin and Mary Ellen Folsom. <B>America's Ancient
Treasures: A guide to archaeological sites and museums
in the United States and Canada</B>. Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 1983.
Freed, Stanley A. "Dwelling Places," <B>Natural History</B>,
July 1989. pp.56-59.
Gardner, William. "The Palaeoindians of the Shenandoah
Valley, Virginia," <B>Archaeology</B>, May/June 1986.
pp.28-34.
"Geographica," <B>National Geographic Magazine</B>, vol. 177,
nr.6 (June 1990), unpaged.
Gibson, Jon L. <B>Poverty Point: A culture of the lower
Mississippi Valley</B>. Baton Rouge, Louisiana:
Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism,
Louisiana Archaeological Survey and Antiquities
Commission, Anthropological Study nr. 7, 1983.
Gill, Sam D. <B>Mother Earth: An American Story</B>.
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________. <B>Intentions in Architecture</B>. Cambridge,
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________. <B>Meaning in Western Architecture</B>. New York:
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O'Connor, Larry. "Where the World Changed," <B>New York
Times</B>, December 9, 1990. sec.xx, p.41.
Phillips, Bob. "View from the Outaouais: Ancient secrets
just aren't safe here in Cantley," <B>Ottawa
Citizen</B>, February 26, 1990. p.C-3.
Pollan, Michael. "Autumn: It's no garden party," <B>New
York Times Magazine</B>, September 16, 1990. pp.54-57,
98, 100.
________. "Putting Down Roots," <B>New York Times
Magazine</B>, May 6, 1990. pp.38-40, 44, 82.
________. "Why Mow? The Case against Lawns," <B>New York
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Porter, Philip W. and Fred E. Lukermann. "Geographies of
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Research into Lost Knowledge Organization (RILKO). <B>Earth
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Richards, Caroline. "The New Cosmology: What it really
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Ross-Bryant, Lynn. "The Land in American Religious
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Russell, John. "Art Tells Us Where We Are (1981)," <B>
Reading Russell: Essays 1941-1988 on ideas, literature,
art, theatre, music, places, and persons.</B> New York:
Harry N. Abrams, 1989. pp.184-189.
Rybczynski, Witold. <B>The Most Beautiful House in the
World</B>. New York: Penquin Books, 1989.
Smith, Johnathan Z. <B>To Take Place: Toward theory in
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Swimme, Brian. "Science: A partner in creating the
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Treib, Marc. "Traces upon the Land: The formalistic
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Tuan, Yi-Fu. "Geopiety: A theme in man's attachmet to
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________. <B>Topofilia: A study of environmental
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Walter, E.V. <B>Placeways: A theory of the human
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________. "A Shelter for Dreams," <B>New York Times Book
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David Lowenthal and Martyn J. Bowden. New York: Oxford
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<B>8. Social Science Methodology</B>
Anderson, Marsha Kobre. "Life after Douglass," <B>Douglass
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Cicourel, Aaron V. <B>Method and Measurement in
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Eichler, Margrit. <B>Nonsexist Research Methods: A
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Kluckhorn, Clyde. "The Personal Document in
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<B>9. Miscellany</B>
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The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary</B>.
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13, pp.325-326.
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=====================================================================
The Religious Studies Publications Journal - CONTENTS
1992
Volume 1.039 Dissertation Bibliography ISSN 1188-5734
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New Bibliography Available
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