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470 lines
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From owner-snuffit-l@majordomo.netcom.com Sun Nov 24 04:57:12 1996
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Received: by majordomo.netcom.com (8.7.5/8.7.3/(NETCOM MLS v1.01)) id WAA05837; Sat, 23 Nov 1996 22:25:47 -0800 (PST)
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From: coe@netcom.com (CoE)
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Message-Id: <199611240623.WAA10692@netcom3.netcom.com>
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Subject: Europe Must Die
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To: snuffit-l@majordomo.netcom.com (post2snuffit)
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Date: Sat, 23 Nov 1996 22:23:40 -0800 (PST)
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Status: RO
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This text is also available at www.paranoia.com/coe/e-sermons/means.html
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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"For America to Live, Europe Must Die"
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The following speech was given by Russell Means in July 1980, before
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several thousand people who had assembled from all over the world for
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the Black Hills International Survival Gathering, in the Black Hills of
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South Dakota. It is Russell Means's most famous speech.
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The only possible opening for a statement of this kind is that I detest
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writing. The process itself epitomizes the European concept of
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"legitimate" thinking; what is written has an importance that is denied
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the spoken. My culture, the Lakota culture, has an oral tradition, so I
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ordinarily reject writing. It is one of the white world's ways of
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destroying the cultures of non-European peoples, the imposing of an
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abstraction over the spoken relationship of a people.
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So what you read here is not what I've written. It's what I've said
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and someone else has written down. I will allow this because it seems
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that the only way to communicate with the white world is through the
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dead, dry leaves of a book. I don't really care whether my words reach
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whites or not. They have already demonstrated through their history
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that they cannot hear, cannot see; they can only read (of course, there
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are exceptions, but the exceptions only prove the rule). I'm more
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concerned with American Indian people, students and others, who have
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begun to be absorbed into the white world through universities and other
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institutions. But even then it's a marginal sort of concern. It's very
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possible to grow into a red face with a white mind; and if that's a
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person's individual choice, so be it, but I have no use for them. This
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is part of the process of cultural genocide being waged by Europeans
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against American Indian peoples' today. My concern is with those
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American Indians who choose to resist this genocide, but who may be
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confused as to how to proceed.
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(You notice I use the term *American Indian* rather than *Native
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American* or *Native indigenous people* or *Amerindian* when referring
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to my people. There has been some controversy about such terms, and
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frankly, at this point. I find it absurd. Primarily it seems that
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*American Indian* is being rejected as European in origin--which is
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true. But all the above terms are European in origin; the only
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non-European way is to speak of Lakota--or, more precisely, of Oglala,
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Brule, etc.--and of the Dineh, the Miccousukee, and all the rest of the
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several hundred correct tribal names.
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(There is also some confusion about the word *Indian*, a mistaken
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belief that it refers somehow to the country, India. When Columbus
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washed up on the beach in the Caribbean, he was not looking for a
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country called India. Europeans were calling that country Hindustan in
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1492. Look it up on the old maps. Columbus called the tribal people he
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met "Indio," from the Italian *in dio*, meaning "in God.")
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It takes a strong effort on the part of each American Indian *not*
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to become Europeanized. The strength for this effort can only come from
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the traditional ways, the traditional values that our elders retain. It
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must come from the hoop, the four directions, the relations: it cannot
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come from the pages of a book or a thousand books. No European can ever
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teach a Lakota to be Lakota, a Hopi to be Hopi. A master's degree in
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"Indian Studies" or in "education" or in anything else cannot make a
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person into a human being or provide knowledge into traditional ways.
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It can only make you into a mental European, an outsider.
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I should be clear about something here, because there seems to be
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some confusion about it. When I speak of Europeans or mental Europeans,
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I'm not allowing for false distinctions. I'm not saying that on the one
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hand there are the by-products of a few thousand years of genocidal,
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reactionary, European intellectual development which is bad; and on the
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other hand there is some new revolutionary intellectual development
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which is good. I'm referring here to the so-called theories of Marxism
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and anarchism and "leftism" in general. I don't believe these theories
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can be separated from the rest of the of the European intellectual
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tradition. It's really just the same old song.
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The process began much earlier. Newton, for example,
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"revolutionized" physics and the so-called natural sciences by reducing
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the physical universe to a linear mathematical equation. Descartes did
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the same thing with culture. John Locke did it with politics, and Adam
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Smith did it with economics. Each one of these "thinkers" took a piece
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of the spirituality of human existence and converted it into code, an
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abstraction. They picked up where Christianity ended: they
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"secularized" Christian religion, as the "scholars" like to say--and in
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doing so they made Europe more able and ready to act as an expansionist
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culture. Each of these intellectual revolutions served to abstract the
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European mentality even further, to remove the wonderful complexity and
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spirituality from the universe and replace it with a logical sequence:
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one, two, three. Answer!
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This is what has come to be termed "efficiency" in the European
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mind. Whatever is mechanical is perfect; whatever seems to work at the
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moment--that is, proves the mechanical model to be the right one--is
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considered correct, even when it is clearly untrue. This is why "truth"
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changes so fast in the European mind; the answers which result from such
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a process are only stopgaps, only temporary, and must be continuously
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discarded in favor of new stopgaps which support the mechanical models
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and keep them (the models) alive.
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Hegel and Marx were heirs to the thinking of Newton, Descartes,
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Locke and Smith. Hegel finished the process of secularizing
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theology--and that is put in his own terms--he secularized the religious
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thinking through which Europe understood the universe. Then Marx put
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Hegel's philosophy in terms of "materialism," which is to say that Marx
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despiritualized Hegel's work altogether. Again, this is in Marx' own
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terms. And this is now seen as the future revolutionary potential of
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Europe. Europeans may see this as revolutionary, but American Indians
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see it simply as still more of that same old European conflict between
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*being* and *gaining*. The intellectual roots of a new Marxist form of
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European imperialism lie in Marx'--and his followers'--links to the
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tradition of Newton, Hegel and the others.
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*Being* is a spiritual proposition. *Gaining* is a material act.
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Traditionally, American Indians have always attempted to *be* the best
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people they could. Part of that spiritual process was and is to give
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away wealth, to discard wealth in order *not* to gain. Material gain is
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an indicator of false status among traditional people, while it is
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"proof that the system works" to Europeans. Clearly, there are two
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completely opposing views at issue here, and Marxism is very far over to
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the other side from the American Indian view. But let's look at a major
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implication of this; it is not merely an intellectual debate.
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The European materialist tradition of despiritualizing the universe
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is very similar to the mental process which goes into dehumanizing
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another person. And who seems most expert at dehumanizing other people?
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And why? Soldiers who have seen a lot of combat learn to do this to the
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enemy before going back into combat. Murderers do it before going out
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to commit murder. Nazi SS guards did it to concentration camp inmates.
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Cops do it. Corporation leaders do it to the workers they send into
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uranium mines and steel mills. Politicians do it to everyone in sight.
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And what the process has in common for each group doing the dehumanizing
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is that it makes it all right to kill and otherwise destroy other
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people. One of the Christian commandments says, "Thou shalt not kill,"
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at least not humans, so the trick is to mentally convert the victims
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into nonhumans. Then you can proclaim violation of your own commandment
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as a virtue.
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In terms of the despiritualization of the universe, the mental
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process works so that it becomes virtuous to destroy the planet. Terms
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like *progress* and *development* are used as cover words here, the way
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*victory* and *freedom* are used to justify butchery in the
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dehumanization process. For example, a real-estate speculator may refer
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to "developing" a parcel of ground by opening a gravel quarry;
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*development* here means total, permanent destruction, with the earth
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itself removed. But European logic has *gained* a few tons of gravel
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with which more land can be "developed" through the construction of road
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beds. Ultimately, the whole universe is open--in the European view--to
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this sort of insanity.
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Most important here, perhaps, is the fact that Europeans feel no
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sense of loss in all this. After all, their philosophers have
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despiritualized reality, so there is no satisfaction (for them) to be
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gained in simply observing the wonder of a mountain or a lake or a
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people *in being*. No, satisfaction is measured in terms of gaining
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material. So the mountain becomes gravel, and the lake becomes coolant
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for a factory, and the people are rounded up for processing through the
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indoctrination mills Europeans like to call schools.
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But each new piece of that "progress" ups the ante out in the real
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world. Take fuel for the industrial machine as an example. Little more
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than two centuries ago, nearly everyone used wood--a replenishable,
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natural item--as fuel for the very human needs of cooking and staying
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warm. Along came the Industrial Revolution and coal became the dominant
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fuel, as production became the social imperative for Europe. Pollution
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began to become a problem in the cities, and the earth was ripped open
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to provide coal whereas wood had always simply been gathered or
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harvested at no great expense to the environment. Later, oil became the
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major fuel, as the technology of production was perfected through a
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series of scientific "revolutions." Pollution increased dramatically,
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and nobody yet knows what the environmental costs of pumping all that
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oil out of the ground will really be in the long run. Now there's an
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"energy crisis," and uranium is becoming the dominant fuel.
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Capitalists, at least, can be relied upon to develop uranium as fuel
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only at the rate which they can show a good profit. That's their ethic,
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and maybe they will buy some time. Marxists, on the other hand, can be
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relied upon to develop uranium fuel as rapidly as possible simply
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because it's the most "efficient" production fuel available. That's
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*their* ethic, and I fail to see where it's preferable. Like I said,
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Marxism is right smack in the middle of European tradition. It's the
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same old song.
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There's a rule of thumb which can be applied here. You cannot judge
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the real nature of a European revolutionary doctrine on the basis of the
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changes it proposes to make within the European power structure and
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society. You can only judge it by the effects it will have on
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non-European peoples. This is because every revolution in European
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history has served to reinforce Europe's tendencies and abilities to
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export destruction to other peoples, other cultures and the environment
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itself. I defy anyone to point out an example where this is not true.
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So now we, as American Indian people, are asked to believe that a
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"new" European revolutionary doctrine such as Marxism will reverse the
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negative effects of European history on us. European power relations
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are to be adjusted once again, and that's supposed to make things better
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for all of us. But what does this really mean?
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Right now, today, we who live on the Pine Ridge Reservation are
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living in what white society has designated a "National Sacrifice Area."
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What this means is that we have a lot of uranium deposits here, and
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white culture (not us) needs this uranium as energy production material.
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The cheapest, most efficient way for industry to extract and deal with
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the processing of this uranium is to dump the waste by-products right
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here at the digging sites. Right here where we live. This waste is
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radioactive and will make the entire region uninhabitable forever. This
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is considered by the industry, and by the white society that created
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this industry, to be an "acceptable" price to pay for energy resource
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development. Along the way they also plan to drain the water table
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under this part of South Dakota as part of the industrial process, so
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the region becomes doubly uninhabitable. The same sort of thing is
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happening down in the land of the Navajo and Hopi, up in the land of the
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Northern Cheyenne and Crow, and elsewhere. Thirty percent of the coal
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in the West and half of the uranium deposits in the United States have
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been found to lie under reservation land, so there is no way this can be
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called a minor issue.
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We are resisting being turned into a National Sacrifice Area. We
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are resisting being turned into a national sacrifice people. The costs
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of this industrial process are not acceptable to us. It is genocide to
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dig uranium here and drain the water table--no more, no less.
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Now let's suppose that in our resistance to extermination we begin
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to seek allies (we have). Let's suppose further that we were to take
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revolutionary Marxism at its word: that it intends nothing less than the
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complete overthrow of the European capitalists order which has presented
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this threat to our very existence. This would seem to be a natural
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alliance for American Indian people to enter into. After all, as the
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Marxists say, it is the capitalists who set us up to be a national
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sacrifice. This is true as far as it goes.
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But, as I've tried to point out, this "truth" is very deceptive.
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Revolutionary Marxism is committed to even further perpetuation and
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perfection of the very industrial process which is destroying us all.
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It offers only to "redistribute" the results--the money, maybe--of this
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industrialization to a wider section of the population. It offers to
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take wealth from the capitalists and pass it around; but in order to do
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so, Marxism must maintain the industrial system. Once again, the power
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relations within European society will have to be altered, but once
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again the effects upon American Indian peoples here and non-Europeans
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elsewhere will remain the same. This is much the same as when power was
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redistributed from the church to private business during the so-called
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bourgeois revolution. European society changed a bit, at least
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superficially, but its conduct toward non-Europeans continued as before.
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You can see what the American Revolution of 1776 did for American
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Indians. It's the same old song.
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Revolutionary Marxism, like industrial society in other forms, seeks
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to "rationalize" all people in relation to industry--maximum industry,
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maximum production. It is a doctrine that despises the American Indian
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spiritual tradition, our cultures, our lifeways. Marx himself called us
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"precapitalists" and "primitive." *Precapitalist* simply means that, in
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his view, we would eventually discover capitalism and become
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capitalists; we have always been economically retarded in Marxist terms.
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The only manner in which American Indian people could participate in a
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Marxist revolution would be to join the industrial system, to become
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factory workers, or "proletarians," as Marx called them. The man was
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very clear about the fact that his revolution could only occur through
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the struggle of the proletariat, that the existence of a massive
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industrial system is a precondition of a successful Marxist society.
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I think there's a problem with language here. Christians,
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capitalists, Marxists. All of them have been revolutionary in their own
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minds, but none of them really means revolution. What they really mean
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is continuation. They do what they do in order that European culture
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can continue to exist and develop according to its needs.
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So, in order for us to *really* join forces with Marxism, we
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American Indians would have to accept the national sacrifice of our
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homeland; we would have to commit cultural suicide and become
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industrialized and Europeanized.
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At this point, I've got to stop and ask myself whether I'm being too
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harsh. Marxism has something of a history. Does this history bear out
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my observations? I look to the process of industrialization in the
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Soviet Union since 1920 and I see that these Marxists have done what it
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took the English Industrial Revolution 300 years to do; and the Marxists
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did it in 60 years. I see that the territory of the USSR used to
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contain a number of tribal peoples and that they have been crushed to
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make way for the factories. The Soviets refer to this as "the National
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Question," the question of whether the tribal peoples had the right to
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exist as peoples; and they decided the tribal peoples were an acceptable
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sacrifice to the industrial needs. I look to China and I see the same
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thing. I look to Vietnam and I see Marxists imposing an industrial
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order and rooting out the indigenous tribal mountain people.
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I hear the leading Soviet scientist saying that when uranium is
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exhausted, then alternatives will be found. I see the Vietnamese taking
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over a nuclear power plant abandoned by the U.S. military. Have they
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dismantled and destroyed it? No, they are using it. I see China
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exploding nuclear bombs, developing uranium reactors, and preparing a
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space program in order to colonize and exploit the planets the same as
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the Europeans colonized and exploited this hemisphere. It's the same
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old song, but maybe with a faster tempo this time.
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The statement of the Soviet scientist is very interesting. Does he
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know what this alternative energy source will be? No, he simply has
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faith. Science will find a way. I hear revolutionary Marxists saying
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that the destruction of the environment, pollution, and radiation will
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all be controlled. And I see them act upon their words. Do they know
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*how* these things will be controlled? No, they simply have faith.
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Science will find a way. Industrialization is fine and necessary. How
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do they know this? Faith. Science will find a way. Faith of this sort
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has always been known in Europe as religion. Science has become the new
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European religion for both capitalists and Marxists; they are truly
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inseparable; they are part and parcel of the same culture. So, in both
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theory and practice, Marxism demands that non-European peoples give up
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their values, their traditions, their cultural existence altogether. We
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will all be industrialized science addicts in a Marxist society.
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I do not believe that capitalism itself is really responsible for
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the situation in which American Indians have been declared a national
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sacrifice. No, it is the European tradition; European culture itself is
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responsible. Marxism is just the latest continuation of this tradition,
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not a solution to it. To ally with Marxism is to ally with the very
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same forces that declare us an acceptable cost.
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There is another way. There is the traditional Lakota way and the
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ways of the American Indian peoples. It is the way that knows that
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humans do not have the right to degrade Mother Earth, that there are
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forces beyond anything the European mind has conceived, that humans must
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be in harmony with *all* relations or the relations will eventually
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eliminate the disharmony. A lopsided emphasis on humans by humans--the
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Europeans' arrogance of acting as though they were beyond the nature of
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all related things--can only result in a total disharmony and a
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readjustment which cuts arrogant humans down to size, gives them a taste
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of that reality beyond their grasp or control and restores the harmony.
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There is a need for a revolutionary theory to bring this about; it's
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beyond human control. The nature peoples of this planet know this and
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so they do not theorize about it. Theory is an abstract; our knowledge
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is real.
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Distilled to its basic terms, European faith--including the new
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faith in science--equals a belief that man is God. Europe has always
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sought a Messiah, whether that be the man Jesus Christ or the man Karl
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Marx or the man Albert Einstein. American Indians know this to be
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totally absurd. Humans are the weakest of all creatures, so weak that
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other creatures are willing to give up their flesh that we may live.
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Humans are able to survive only through the exercise of rationality
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since they lack the abilities of other creatures to gain food through
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the use of fang and claw.
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But rationality is a curse since it can cause humans to forget the
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natural order of things in ways other creatures do not. A wolf never
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forgets his or her place in the natural order. American Indians can.
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Europeans almost always do. We pray our thanks to the deer, our
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relations, for allowing us their flesh to eat; Europeans simply take the
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flesh for granted and consider the deer inferior. After all, Europeans
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consider themselves godlike in their rationalism and science. God is
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the Supreme Being; all else *must* be inferior.
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|
All European tradition, Marxism included, has conspired to defy the
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|
natural order of all things. Mother Earth has been abused, the powers
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|
have been abused, and this cannot go on forever. No theory can alter
|
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|
that simple fact. Mother Earth will retaliate, the whole environment
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|
will retaliate, and the abusers will be eliminated. Things come full
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|
circle, back to where they started. *That's *revolution. And that's a
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|
prophecy of my people, of the Hopi people and of other correct peoples.
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|
American Indians have been trying to explain this to Europeans for
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|
centuries. But, as I said earlier, Europeans have proven themselves
|
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|
unable to hear. The natural order will win out, and the offenders will
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|
die out, the way deer die when they offend the harmony by
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|
over-populating a given region. It's only a matter of time until what
|
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|
Europeans call "a major catastrophe of global proportions" will occur.
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|
It is the role of American Indian peoples, the role of all natural
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|
beings, to survive. A part of our survival is to resist. We resist not
|
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|
to overthrow a government or to take political power, but because it is
|
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|
natural to resist extermination, to survive. We don't want power over
|
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|
white institutions; we want white institutions to disappear. *That's*
|
||
|
revolution.
|
||
|
American Indians are still in touch with these realities--the
|
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|
prophecies, the traditions of our ancestors. We learn from the elders,
|
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|
from nature, from the powers. And when the catastrophe is over, we
|
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|
American Indian peoples will still be here to inhabit the hemisphere. I
|
||
|
don't care if it's only a handful living high in the Andes. American
|
||
|
Indian people will survive; harmony will be reestablished. *That's*
|
||
|
revolution.
|
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|
At this point, perhaps I should be very clear about another matter,
|
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|
one which should already be clear as a result of what I've said. But
|
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|
confusion breeds easily these days, so I want to hammer home this point.
|
||
|
When I use the term *European*, I'm not referring to a skin color or a
|
||
|
particular genetic structure. What I'm referring to is a mind-set, a
|
||
|
worldview that is a product of the development of European culture.
|
||
|
People are not genetically encoded to hold this outlook; they are
|
||
|
*acculturated* to hold it. The same is true for American Indians or for
|
||
|
the members of any culture.
|
||
|
It is possible for an American Indian to share European values, a
|
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|
European worldview. We have a term for these people; we call them
|
||
|
"apples"--red on the outside (genetics) and white on the inside (their
|
||
|
values). Other groups have similar terms: Blacks have their "oreos";
|
||
|
Hispanos have "Coconuts" and so on. And, as I said before, there *are*
|
||
|
exceptions to the white norm: people who are white on the outside, but
|
||
|
not white inside. I'm not sure what term should be applied to them other
|
||
|
than "human beings."
|
||
|
What I'm putting out here is not a racial proposition but a cultural
|
||
|
proposition. Those who ultimately advocate and defend the realities of
|
||
|
European culture and its industrialism are my enemies. Those who resist
|
||
|
it, who struggle against it, are my allies, the allies of American
|
||
|
Indian people. And I don't give a damn what their skin color happens to
|
||
|
be. *Caucasian* is the white term for the white race: *European* is an
|
||
|
outlook I oppose.
|
||
|
The Vietnamese Communists are not exactly what you might consider
|
||
|
genetic Caucasians, but they are now functioning as mental Europeans.
|
||
|
The same holds true for Chinese Communists, for Japanese capitalists or
|
||
|
Bantu Catholics or Peter "MacDollar" down at the Navajo Reservation or
|
||
|
Dickie Wilson up here at Pine Ridge. There is no racism involved in
|
||
|
this, just an acknowledgment of the mind and spirit that make up
|
||
|
culture.
|
||
|
In Marxist terms I suppose I'm a "cultural nationalist." I work
|
||
|
first with my people, the traditional Lakota people, because we hold a
|
||
|
common worldview and share an immediate struggle. Beyond this, I work
|
||
|
with other traditional American Indian peoples, again because of a
|
||
|
certain commonality in worldview and form of struggle. Beyond that, I
|
||
|
work with anyone who has experienced the colonial oppression of Europe
|
||
|
and who resists its cultural and industrial totality. Obviously, this
|
||
|
includes genetic Caucasians who struggle to resist the dominant norms of
|
||
|
European culture. The Irish and the Basques come immediately to mind,
|
||
|
but there are many others.
|
||
|
I work primarily with my own people, with my own community. Other
|
||
|
people who hold non-European perspectives should do the same. I believe
|
||
|
in the slogan, "Trust your brother's vision," although I'd like to add
|
||
|
sisters into the bargain. I trust the community and the culturally
|
||
|
based vision of all the races that naturally resist industrialization
|
||
|
and human extinction. Clearly, individual whites can share in this,
|
||
|
given only that they have reached the awareness that continuation of the
|
||
|
industrial imperatives of Europe is not a vision, but species suicide.
|
||
|
White is one of the sacred colors of the Lakota people--red, yellow,
|
||
|
white and black. The four directions. The four seasons. The four
|
||
|
periods of life and aging. The four races of humanity. Mix red,
|
||
|
yellow, white and black together and you get brown, the color of the
|
||
|
fifth race. This is a natural ordering of things. It therefore seems
|
||
|
natural to me to work with all races, each with its own special meaning,
|
||
|
identity and message.
|
||
|
But there is a peculiar behavior among most Caucasians. As soon as
|
||
|
I become critical of Europe and its impact on other cultures, they
|
||
|
become defensive. They begin to defend themselves. But I'm not
|
||
|
attacking them personally; I'm attacking Europe. In personalizing my
|
||
|
observations on Europe they are personalizing European culture,
|
||
|
identifying themselves with it. By defending themselves in *this*
|
||
|
context, they are ultimately defending the death culture. This is a
|
||
|
confusion which must be overcome, and it must be overcome in a hurry.
|
||
|
None of us has energy to waste in such false struggles.
|
||
|
Caucasians have a more positive vision to offer humanity than
|
||
|
European culture. I believe this. But in order to attain this vision
|
||
|
it is necessary for Caucasians to step outside European
|
||
|
culture--alongside the rest of humanity--to see Europe for what it is
|
||
|
and what it does.
|
||
|
To cling to capitalism and Marxism and all other "isms" is simply to
|
||
|
remain within European culture. There is no avoiding this basic fact.
|
||
|
As a fact, this constitutes a choice. Understand that the choice is
|
||
|
based on culture, not race. Understand that to choose European culture
|
||
|
and industrialism is to choose to be my enemy. And understand that the
|
||
|
choice is yours, not mine.
|
||
|
This leads me back to address those American Indians who are
|
||
|
drifting through the universities, the city slums, and other European
|
||
|
institutions. If you are there to resist the oppressor in accordance
|
||
|
with your traditional ways, so be it. I don't know how you manage to
|
||
|
combine the two, but perhaps you will succeed. But retain your sense of
|
||
|
reality. Beware of coming to believe the white world now offers
|
||
|
solutions to the problems it confronts us with. Beware, too, of
|
||
|
allowing the words of native people to be twisted to the advantages of
|
||
|
our enemies. Europe invented the practice of turning words around on
|
||
|
themselves. You need only look to the treaties between American Indian
|
||
|
peoples and various European governments to know that this is true.
|
||
|
Draw your strength from who you are.
|
||
|
A culture which regularly confuses revolt with resistance, has
|
||
|
nothing helpful to teach you and nothing to offer you as a way of life.
|
||
|
Europeans have long since lost all touch with reality, if ever they were
|
||
|
in touch with who you are as American Indians.
|
||
|
So, I suppose to conclude this, I should state clearly that leading
|
||
|
anyone toward Marxism is the last thing on my mind. Marxism is as alien
|
||
|
to my culture as capitalism and Christianity are. In fact, I can say I
|
||
|
don't think I'm trying to lead anyone toward anything. To some extent I
|
||
|
tried to be a "leader," in the sense that the white media like to use
|
||
|
that term, when the American Indian Movement was a young organization.
|
||
|
This was a result of a confusion I no longer have. You cannot be
|
||
|
everything to everyone. I do not propose to be used in such a fashion
|
||
|
by my enemies. I am not a leader. I *am* an Oglala Lakota patriot.
|
||
|
That is all I want and all I need to be. And I am very comfortable with
|
||
|
who I am.
|
||
|
|
||
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
The Church of Euthanasia http://www.envirolink.org/orgs/coe/
|
||
|
P.O.Box 261 ftp.etext.org /pub/Zines/Snuffit
|
||
|
Somerville, MA 02143 coe@netcom.com
|
||
|
|