77 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
77 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
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What is a Unix Guru?
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People who come into contact with the UNIX system are often told: ``If you
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have trouble, see so-and-so, he's a guru'', or ``Bob there is a real hacker.''
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Often, they are baffled by these appelations, and do not pursue the matter
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further. What is a Unix Hacker? How does he differ from a Guru? To
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answer these and other questions, I present a draft of the Unix Hierarchy:
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BEGINNER
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insecure with the concept of a terminal
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has yet to learn the basics of |vi|
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hasn't figured out yet how to get a directory
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still has trouble with typing <RETURN> at the end of each line
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NOVICE
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knows that ls will produce a directory
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uses the editor, but calls it `vye'
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has heard of C but never used it
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has had his first bad experience with rm
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is wondering how to read his mail
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is wondering why the person next to him seem to like Unix so much
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USER
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uses vi and nroff, but inexpertly
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has heard of regular-expression but never seen one
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uses egrep to search for fixed strings
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has figured out that - precedes options
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is wondering how to move a directory
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has attempted to write a C program and decided to stick with Pascal
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thinks that dbx is a brand of stereo component
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knows how to read his mail and wonders how to read news
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KNOWLEDGEABLE USER
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uses nroff without trouble, and is beginning to learn tbl and eqn
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thinks that fgrep is `fast grep'
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has figured out that mv will move directories
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has learned that learn doesn't help
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someone has shown him how to write C programs
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once used sed to do some text substitution
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has seen dbx used but doesn't use it himself
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thinks that make is for wimps
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EXPERT
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uses sed when necessary
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uses macros in vi, uses ex when necessary
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posts news at every possible opportunity
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writes csh scripts occasionally
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writes C programs with vi and compiles them with cc
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has figured out what && and || are for
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thinks that human history started with !h
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HACKER
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uses sed and awk with comfort
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uses undocumented features of vi
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writes C code with cat > and compiles with !cc
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use adb because he doesn't trust source debuggers
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can answer questions about the user environment
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writes his own nroff macros to supplement standard ones
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writes scripts for Bourne shell
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GURU
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uses m4 and lex with comfort
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writes assembly code with cat >
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uses adb on the kernel while the system is loaded
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customizes utilities by patching the source
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reads device driver source with his breakfast
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can answer any Unix question after a little thought
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uses make for anything requiring two or more distinct commands to achieve
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has learned how to breach security, but no longer needs to try
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WIZARD
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writes device drivers with cat >
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fixes bugs by patching the binaries
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can answer any question before you ask
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writes his own troff macro packages
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is on a first-name basis with Dennis, Bill and Ken
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