142 lines
6.3 KiB
Plaintext
142 lines
6.3 KiB
Plaintext
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========================
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THE HACKERS TOOLS
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========================
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The oscilloscope is the most valuable piece of equipment to the hacker.
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With this device the secrets of all but the most secure systems are laid
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bare. A dual trace model is essential as normally two signals have to be
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examined and compared. Television synch triggering is an advantage. A
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ten megahertz bandwidth is the ideal lower limit. A few professional
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hackers use digital storage oscilloscopes. While these scopes are useful,
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the majority of professional hackers try to use the least amount of
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equipment as possible. This may seem strange in some respects. The
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system designers developed the system with high cost test equipment.
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They try to make their system as secure as possible against the best
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equipped hacker. They fall into the trap of thinking that they have
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developed the ultimate system. By using the minimum of equipment, the
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hacker forces himself to innovate. The use of the scope will be covered
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later.
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The next item of equipment is a video test signal generator. This device
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can be cost anything form thirty pounds to three thousand pounds.
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A lot of hackers rely on microcomputers to provide the test signals. There
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is a disadvantage in this use of a computer. Computers generate a lot of
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R.F noise and as a result the case of the computer has to be coated in
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some sort of R.F shield. A suitable aerosol is available from a number of
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suppliers.
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Professional hackers generally use computers to provide their test signals.
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This may seem strange as you would expect them to use the best possible
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equipment. The computer is more versatile than an ordinary video
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generator. It is almost impossible to find two identical test cards. Most of
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them carry station identifiers. This fact is not of any great significance
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with analogue signals but with digital encryption it can be essential. Most
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digital scrambling systems are hacked during the test card period. Services
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rarely scramble from the start and so the hacker has access to the test
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card. The computer generates this test card and compares it to a
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'snapshot" of the encrypted signal. With complex systems, the
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comparison process can take up to six weeks or longer.
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The next piece of equipment is the low pass filter. This is a very useful
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item when the signal being examined is noisy. A cut-off frequency of one
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megahertz is commonest. This unit is used to remove most of the video
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information from the signal so that the synch signals can be observed.
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A digital storage oscilloscope is an expensive item that a lot of hackers
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cannot afford. There is a way around this problem - build a digital storage
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circuit. There are basically four circuits involved an analogue to digital
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converter a RAM storage circuit, a digital to analogue converter and some
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triggering circuitry. A number of designs have been published in various
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electronic journals so the constructional details will not be given here.
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The most valuable use of the oscilloscope is in comparative analysis of
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two signals. A dual trace scope is virtually essential as it is very difficult
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to do any serious work with a single trace unit. Some hackers use an
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oscilloscope multiplexer. One such unit is available from Thandar Ltd.
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The main disadvantage of such units, after their cost, is their bandwidth.
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The majority of those on the market have an upper limit of five hundred
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kilohertz. This is all right for looking at synch signals but is useless for
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video or high speed digital signals. When designing and building a
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multiplexer the main thing to ensure is that the sampling frequency is at
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least three times the maximum signal frequency. In order to make the
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device as future proof as possible an upper signal frequency limit of
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twelve megahertz Is recommended.
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There are some hacker programs available for microcomputers. They are
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aimed at the professional hacker rather than the amateur. The program
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user draws the scrambled video waveform on the screen using a graphics
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tablet. The program then analyses the waveform and first draws the
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block diagram for the descrambler and also produces a circuit for the
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descrambler. The waveform and the circuit are then stored so that a
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library of scrambling systems is built up. Don't bother trying to find such
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a program in any magazine or journal as they are only available through
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the elite hacker networks.
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Database programs are available for virtually every computer. Such a
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program can be a powerful ally when it comes to storing your information
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on various scrambling systems. The main headings for the information
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would be system type , audio type , suppressed synch , frame inversion ,
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line inversion, digital video and digital) audio. A new scrambling system
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could then be checked against a list of known systems and a list of known
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descrambler circuit blocks could be suggested for dealing with the system.
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The template for such a database is given below. This particular format
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is known to be in use by a number of the top European hacker networks.
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The same type of database is used throughout these networks in order to
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ensure the rapid exchange of data on any new system.
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This template is also used by the Scramble Fax newsletter and as such is
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a standard format. It is most commonly implemented in Database where
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the user is allowed to have large text memo sections in some key points.
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===========================
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HACKER'S DATABASE TEMPLATE.
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===========================
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System File Reference:
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System Name:
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Start Date:
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Audio Type:
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Video Inverted:
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Video line Inversion:
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Video Frame Inversion:
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Random Line Inversion:
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Alternate Line Inversion:
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Alternate Frame Inversion:
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Horizontal Synch Suppression:
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Frame Synch Suppression:
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Horizontal Synch Replacement:
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Frame Synch Replecement:
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Pulse Suppression:
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Sine Suppression:
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Line Delay:
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Audio On FM Carrier:
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Audio On Sideband:
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Audio Spectrum Inversion:
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MAC System: Digitised Audio:
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DESed Digital Audio:
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Origin Of System:
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Media Cross References:
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Pro Media References:
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Other Users Of System:
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Descrembler Circuit Known:
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Possible Useful Circuits:
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Availability Of Official Descramblers:
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Custom ICs Used:
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Function Of Custom ICs:
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Descrembler Addressing:
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