183 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
183 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
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File : NZFONES.TXT
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Author : The Defecator
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BBS : The Banana Republic BBS
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24/01/89
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_____________________________________________________________
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PHREAKING IN NZ -- by The Defecator
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A Banana Republic Production complete with piped-in music
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Update 0.9 -- Not for general distribution!
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_____________________________________________________________
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INTRODUCTION
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There are many files floating around the place informing you on the various
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aspects of the fone system and other assorted activities. Unfortunately,
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most of these files are from the US and consequently a few of the details
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given only apply to the US fone system. This document intends to provide
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some details on the NZ fone system. Please note that this file is for
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informative purposes only, and since it is only version 0.9 there may be some
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incorrect information!
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WIRING
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NZ uses the same plugs and jacks as British Telecom uses. The jacks are
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known as BT jacks. These support 6-wire wiring systems. The wires are
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designated as follows:
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Wire Colour Purpose
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1 Orange Unused
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2 Red B-leg
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3 Blue Anti-Tinkle
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4 Green Ground
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5 White A-leg
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6 Black Unused
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These numbers are with respect to the terminals inside a BT jack. On a BT
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plug, however, the numbering is reversed.
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On the US fone system, the two important wires are known as the tip and ring,
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coloured green and red respectively. These are the wires that come from the
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exchange. The equivalent wires for the BT system are the A-leg and B-leg,
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coloured white and red respectively. To remember which is which, just note
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that the red wires are the same for both fone systems. For each line there is
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what is called a "master socket". There is only one per line and the purpose
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of this is to generate the anti-tinkle wire (green). The ground wire is not
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normally used.
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VOLTAGES & RINGING
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When your fone is hung up, there is about 60V or so potential across the A-leg
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and B-leg. When you lift up the fone, this drops to about 12V. This is
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similar to the US system but knowing Telecom the voltages will vary a lot
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from place to place. The ringing frequency from exchanges applies may be
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either 25Hz or 16.67Hz, according to Telecom.
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PULSE DIALLING
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This is the dialling method used on old rotary fones. US fones use different
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numbers of pulses than NZ fones. US fones use 1 pulse to dial 1, 2 pulses
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to dial 2, etc. plus 10 pulses to dial 0. For NZ fones, the number of pulses
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for digits 1-9 are reversed, as shown:
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Digit: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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# Pulses (US): 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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# Pulses (NZ): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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A pulse is generated by cutting the line for a very short time. Pulse
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dialling in NZ requires 9-11 pulses per second, and a gap of more than 750ms
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but not less than 1.5 seconds between digits (this is according to Telecom,
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so you could probably push these figures a bit).
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Some files mention flashing switchhooks to get around locked fones. This is
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fairly well-known and is commonly used on fortress fones around NZ to obtain
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free fone calls, but remember that the pulses are reversed, and dialing 0
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won't get you to an operator unless you are connected to an old exchange
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that doesn't have STD facilities.
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DTMF (DUAL-TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY) DIALLING
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This is the dialling method used on the newer pushbutton (touch-tone) fones.
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For each digit dialled, the fone transmits two tones of different frequencies
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simultaneously. Both the US and NZ fone system have this in common, and in
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fact use the same tones. The following table shows the two frequencies
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required for each signal:
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1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz
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697 Hz 1 2 3 A
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770 Hz 4 5 6 B
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852 Hz 7 8 9 C
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941 Hz * 0 # D
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So in order to dial 6 you need to transmit tones of 770Hz and 1477Hz simul-
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taneously. As you should know, NZ fones have digits 0-9 plus the * and
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# keys, but do not have the A-D keys.
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According to Telecom, each signal has to be at least 70ms (milliseconds)
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long, and the gap between each digit must be at least 70ms. The frequencies
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must be within +/- 1.5% of the given value. Again, these are Telecom's
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figures which are normally conservative so you could probably push 60ms at
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times.
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OTHER STUFF
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There are many other tones used on exchanges for various purposes. In
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general, Telecom doesn't like people to transmit frequencies outside the
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range 300Hz - 3400Hz onto the fone system. Telecom apparently transmits
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various tones outside normal audio range on fone lines "from time to time".
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Within the 300 - 3400Hz range, there are a few "supervisory" tones Telecom
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use for various purposes. They are provided for your information here:
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Dial tone: 400Hz continuous
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Busy tone: 400Hz interrupted
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# unobtainable: 400Hz interrupted
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Ringing tone: 400Hz+450Hz or 400Hz
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Disconnect tone: 400Hz or 900Hz interrupt unbalanced
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AC1 signalling: 600Hz, 750Hz
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AC2 signalling: 2280Hz
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The first five tones are normally encountered on the NZ system. The dial
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tone is the most common, and the busy tone and ringing tones should be
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familiar to all. The # unobtainable tones is the signal you hear when the
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number you have dialed does not exist, has been disconnected or is otherwise
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unobtainable. The sound can be described as four short bips repeated:
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bip-bip-bip-bip...bip-bip-bip-bip...bip-bip-bip-bip...etc. The disconnect
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tone is somewhat rarer, but you hear it when the an exchange is overloaded
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and the system has disconnected you. It sounds similar to the busy tone.
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The last two tones, as I understand it, are present on the line to tell what
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state it is in: AC1 if the line is in use, and AC2 when it is free. When
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you are using a line, AC1 is present, but you can't hear it due to filters
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at the exchanges, but it is nevertheless there and Telecom can tell it's
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there.
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Another frequency, commonly mentioned in US files, is 2600Hz. As far as I
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know, this tone does nothing in the NZ fone system and the equivalent tone
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is 2280Hz. Also another set of tones known as the inter-office signalling
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tones appear, normally along with 2600Hz (these DTMF tones are made up from
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700Hz, 900Hz, 1100Hz, 1300Hz, 1500Hz and 1700Hz). Because the override tone
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is different for the NZ system, the inter-office signalling tones could quite
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easily be different as well, in which case US blue boxes are useless in the
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NZ fone system and would have to be recalibrated. This file will be updated
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as new information comes to light, so watch out for updates!
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Finally, Telecom doesn't like frequencies in the range 2250 - 2700Hz on
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international calls (note that this range includes the US's 2600Hz). So
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feel free to experiment with these tones.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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AUTHOR: The Defecator
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Brought to the WORLD by The Banana Republic BBS, Auckland, New Zealand.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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