384 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
384 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
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_MAKING THE MOVE TO MODULA-2_
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by J.V. Auping and Chis Johnston
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[LISTING ONE]
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DEFINITION MODULE ModPlot;
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(* Title : High level Modula-2 Graphics library interface
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Author : Judy Auping
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System : PC Graphics
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Compiler: LOGITECH MODULA-2/86
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*)
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FROM DataDefs IMPORT
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DeviceType,UnitsType,SizeType,AngleType,LineType,ColorType,
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FontType,OriginType,SymbolType,ModeType,STRING80;
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EXPORT QUALIFIED
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GraphInit,SetPlotDevice,SetPlotArea,SetScaledArea,SetScale,SetUnits,
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SetCharSize,SetLabelAngle,SetLineType,SetPenColor,SetBackgroundColor,
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SetLabelOrigin,SetFixedDigits,ReturnRatio,SetFontType,
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Draw,Move,IncDraw,IncMove,DrawXAxis,DrawYAxis,DrawAxes,DrawGrid,
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DrawLabel,DrawLabelledAxes,DrawLabelledGrid,DrawFrame,DrawSymbol,
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Where,NewScreen,CloseGraphics;
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PROCEDURE GraphInit;
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(* Initializes system-MUST be called before any output generated *)
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PROCEDURE SetPlotDevice(GraphDevice: DeviceType);
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(* Selects output device for subsequent graphics commands *)
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PROCEDURE SetPlotArea(XMin,XMax,YMin,YMax: REAL);
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(* Sets the 'clip' area in % of absolute device boundaries*)
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PROCEDURE SetScaledArea(XMin,XMax,YMin,YMax: REAL);
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(* Sets the area in % of absolute device boundaries to which
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subsequent SetScale takes effect*)
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PROCEDURE SetScale(XMin,XMax,YMin,YMax: REAL);
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(* Sets the user scale *)
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PROCEDURE SetUnits(GraphUnits: UnitsType);
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(* Sets either User (Scaled units) or Device (absolute units) *)
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PROCEDURE SetCharSize(CharSize: SizeType);
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(* Sets character size for subsequent labels *)
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PROCEDURE SetLabelAngle(LabelRotation: AngleType);
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(* Sets the angle of rotation of subseqent labels *)
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PROCEDURE SetLineType(LineTypeSelected: LineType);
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(* Sets the line type for subsequent Draw commands *)
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PROCEDURE SetPenColor(PenColor: ColorType);
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(* Sets the pen color for subsequent output *)
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PROCEDURE SetBackgroundColor(BackgroundColor: ColorType);
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(* Sets the background color (screen only) *)
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PROCEDURE SetLabelOrigin(LabelOrigin: OriginType);
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(* Determines orientation relative to current position with
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which subsequent labels will be drawn *)
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PROCEDURE SetFixedDigits(XNumDigits,YNumDigits: CARDINAL);
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(* Sets number of digits to right of decimal point for
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subsequent DrawLabelledAxes or DrawLabelledGrid *)
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PROCEDURE ReturnRatio(): REAL;
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(* Returns the ratio of the physical dimensions of the
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plotting area of the current device *)
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PROCEDURE SetFontType(FontTypeSelected: FontType);
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(* Sets the font type for subsequent label commands *)
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PROCEDURE Draw(XCoord,YCoord: REAL);
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(* Draw a line from the active position to the specified coords *)
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PROCEDURE Move(XCoord,YCoord: REAL);
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(* Move the active position to the specified coordinates *)
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PROCEDURE IncDraw(XIncr,YIncr: REAL);
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(* Do an incremental draw from the active position *)
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PROCEDURE IncMove(XIncr,YIncr: REAL);
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(* Do an incremental move to the new active position *)
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(* In the following set of axis drawing and labelling procedures,
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the variables XIntercept, YIntercept, XTicSpacing, YTicSpacing
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XMin, XMax, YMin, and YMax are all interpreted according to the
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most recent SetUnits, SetScaledArea, and Set Scale commands.
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MajorCount is an integer that specifies the number of tic intervals
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between major tic marks. In DrawLabelledAxes and DrawLabelledGrid,
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if MajorCount is positive, tic marks are drawn perpendicular to the
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corresponding axis; if negative, tic marks are parallel.
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MajorTicFrac specifies the size of the major tics as a percentage
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of the length of the corresponding axis.*)
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PROCEDURE DrawXAxis(YIntercept,TicSpacing,XMin,XMax: REAL;
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MajorCount: INTEGER;
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MajorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draw an X-axis from XMin to XMax at the specified y-intercept*)
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PROCEDURE DrawYAxis(XIntercept,TicSpacing,YMin,YMas: REAL;
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MajorCount: INTEGER;
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MajorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draw a Y-axis from YMin to YMax at the specified x-intercept*)
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PROCEDURE DrawAxes(XIntercept,YIntercept,XTicSpacing,YTicSpacing: REAL;
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XMajorCount,YMajorCount: INTEGER;
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XMajorTicFrac,YMajorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draws full-scale axes intersecting at XIntercept and YIntercept*)
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PROCEDURE DrawGrid(XIntercept,YIntercept,XTicSpacing,YTicSpacing: REAL;
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XMajorCount,YMajorCount: INTEGER;
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XMinorTicFrac,YMinorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draws a full-scale grid, with lines spaced symmetrically
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around XIntercept,YIntercept *)
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PROCEDURE DrawLabel(LabelString: ARRAY OF CHAR);
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(* Writes LabelString at the current active position according
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to the current CharSize, LabelOrigin, and LabelRotation settings*)
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PROCEDURE DrawLabelledAxes(XIntercept,YIntercept,XTicSpacing,
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YTicSpacing: REAL;
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XMajorCount,YMajorCount: INTEGER;
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XMajorTicFrac,YMajorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draws a pair of axes in the same manner as DrawAxes. Puts
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labels at the major tic marks according to the current
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CharSize, XNumDigits, and YNumDigits settings *)
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PROCEDURE DrawLabelledGrid(XIntercept,YIntercept,XTicSpacing,
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YTicSpacing: REAL;
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XGridSpacing,YGridSpacing: INTEGER;
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XMajorTicFrac,YMajorTicFrac: REAL);
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(* Draws a full-scale grid as in DrawGrid and labels the grid
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lines as in DrawLabelledAxes *)
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PROCEDURE DrawFrame;
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(* Draws a box around the current plotting area *)
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PROCEDURE DrawSymbol(XCoord,YCoord: REAL;
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Symbol: SymbolType;
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Size: REAL);
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(* Draws the indicated symbol centered at XCoord,YCoord.
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Size is specified in mm *)
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PROCEDURE Where(VAR XCoord,YCoord: REAL);
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(* Returns the coordinate values of the current active position*)
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PROCEDURE NewScreen(Mode: ModeType);
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(* Clears the screen and sets the mode. No cursor in Menu mode*)
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PROCEDURE CloseGraphics;
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(* Cleans up the interrupts and restores to normal *)
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END ModPlot.
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[LISTING TWO]
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DEFINITION MODULE GDriver;
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(* Title : Low Level CRT and Plotter Draw module
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Author : Chris Johnston
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System : Modula-2 Plotting System
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Compiler: LOGITECH MODULA-2/86
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*)
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FROM DataDefs IMPORT ModeType, STRING80, DevPresentType;
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EXPORT QUALIFIED
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ReadDevices, DrawAbs, MoveAbs, DrawString, SetMode, CleanUp;
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PROCEDURE ReadDevices(VAR DevicesPresent : DevPresentType);
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(* Finds out what devices are available: EGA/CGA and
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IBM7372A/IBM7372B/IBM7371. An HP 7470 is reported
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as an IBM7371 and the HP 7475 is reported as an
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IBM7372A or B depending upon the paper size selected *)
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PROCEDURE DrawAbs(XCoord, YCoord : CARDINAL);
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(* Draw a line from the current location to XCoord, YCoord
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on the selected device. Line type and color read from system
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globals *)
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PROCEDURE MoveAbs(XCoord, YCoord : CARDINAL);
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(* Move from the current location to XCoord, YCoord on the
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selected device with the pen raised. *)
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PROCEDURE DrawString(XCoord, YCoord : CARDINAL;
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LabelString : ARRAY OF CHAR);
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(* Draw the character string LabelString starting at XCoord, YCoord.
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The font, color, size, and rotation are selected from system globals
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*)
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PROCEDURE SetMode( Mode : ModeType);
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(* Set the mode to text or graphics and clear the screen. This call has
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** NO EFFECT ** if the selected device is a plotter *)
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PROCEDURE CleanUp;
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(* clean up the interrupt drivers and the character set at the end. *)
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END GDriver.
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[LISTING THREE]
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DEFINITION MODULE DataDefs;
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(* Title : Data Definitions
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Author : Judy Auping
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System : PC Graphics
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Compiler: LOGITECH MODULA-2/86
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*)
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EXPORT QUALIFIED
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DeviceType,UnitsType,SizeType,AngleType,LineType,ColorType,
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FontType,OriginType,SymbolType,DevPresentType,ModeType,STRING80,
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GraphDevice,LineTypeSelected,CharSize,FontTypeSelected,
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PenColor,BackgroundColor,LabelRotation,DeviceXMax,DeviceYMax,
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ErrorString, DriverError;
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TYPE
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DeviceType = (EGA,CGA,IBM7372A,IBM7372B,IBM7371);
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UnitsType = (User,Device);
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SizeType = (Small,Med,Large,XLarge);
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AngleType = (Deg0,Deg45,Deg90,Deg135,Deg180,Deg225,Deg270,Deg315);
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LineType = (Solid, EndPoint, Dotted, ShortDash, LongDash);
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ColorType = (Black,Blue,Green,Cyan,Red,Magenta,Brown,White,
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DarkGray,LightBlue,LightGreen,LightCyan,
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LightRed,LightMagenta,Yellow,IntensifiedWhite);
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FontType = (Standard,Italic);
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OriginType = (UpperRight,CenterRight,LowerRight,UpperMiddle,
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CenterMiddle,LowerMiddle,UpperLeft,CenterLeft,
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LowerLeft);
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SymbolType = (Circle,Square,Triangle,Asterisk,Cross,Plus);
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DevPresentType = ARRAY DeviceType OF BOOLEAN;
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ModeType = (Graphics,Text,Menu);
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STRING80 = ARRAY[0..79] OF CHAR;
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VAR
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GraphDevice: DeviceType;
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LineTypeSelected: LineType;
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CharSize: SizeType;
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FontTypeSelected: FontType;
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PenColor: ColorType;
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BackgroundColor: ColorType;
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LabelRotation: AngleType;
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DeviceXMax,DeviceYMax: CARDINAL;
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DriverError: BOOLEAN;
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ErrorString: STRING80;
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END DataDefs.
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[LISTING FOUR]
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MODULE Example;
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(* Title: Example of using the ModPlot graphics library
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Author: Judy Auping
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System: PC Graphics
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*)
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FROM DataDefs IMPORT
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DeviceType,SizeType,ColorType,OriginType;
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FROM ModPlot IMPORT
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GraphInit,SetPlotArea,SetScaledArea,SetScale,DrawAxes,SetPenColor,
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Move,Draw,DrawFrame,NewScreen,CloseGraphics,SetLabelOrigin,DrawLabel,
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SetCharSize,IncDraw,SetPlotDevice;
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FROM MathLib0 IMPORT sin;
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FROM InOut IMPORT Read,WriteString,WriteLn;
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TYPE
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CornerType = (UpLeft,UpRight,LowLeft,LowRight);
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CONST
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NPnts = 1000; pi = 3.14159;
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VAR
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XValue: ARRAY[1..NPnts] OF REAL;
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YValue: ARRAY [UpLeft..LowRight] OF ARRAY[1..NPnts] OF REAL;
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NumTerms: ARRAY[UpLeft..LowRight] OF CARDINAL;
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IPlot: CornerType;
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IPnt,ITerm: CARDINAL;
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x,NextTerm: REAL;
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Input: CHAR;
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PROCEDURE GeneratePlotArrays;
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(* This procedure generates arrays of data points for the Fourier series
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approximation of a sawtooth wave, where
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y = 2 (sin x - sin(2x)/2 + sin(3x)/3 - sin(4x)/4 + ... )
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The XValue array contains the x values for the plot in units of pi, where
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the values vary from zero to 4pi.
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The YValue array of arrays contains four arrays of y values for
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different numbers of terms in the summation approximation. *)
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BEGIN
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WriteString("Generating approximation functions"); (* Inform user *)
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NumTerms[UpLeft] := 5; NumTerms[UpRight] := 10;
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NumTerms[LowLeft] := 20; NumTerms[LowRight] := 100;
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FOR IPnt := 1 TO NPnts DO
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IF (IPnt MOD 100)=0 THEN
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WriteString(" ."); (* Let the user know the progress of *)
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END (* if *); (* the calculations.*)
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FOR IPlot := UpLeft TO LowRight DO
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YValue[IPlot,IPnt] := 0.0; (* Initialize the terms. *)
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END (* for *);
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x := FLOAT(IPnt) * (4.0 * pi)/FLOAT(NPnts);
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XValue[IPnt] := x/pi;
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FOR ITerm := 1 TO NumTerms[LowRight] DO
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IF (ITerm MOD 2)=0 THEN (* even terms are negative *)
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NextTerm := -2.0 * sin(FLOAT(ITerm)* x)/FLOAT(ITerm);
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ELSE (* odd terms are positive,*)
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NextTerm := 2.0 * sin(FLOAT(ITerm)* x)/FLOAT(ITerm);
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END (* if *);
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FOR IPlot := UpLeft TO LowRight DO
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IF ITerm<=NumTerms[IPlot] THEN
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YValue[IPlot,IPnt] := YValue[IPlot,IPnt] + NextTerm;
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END (* if *);
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END (* for *);
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END (* for *);
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END (* for *);
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END GeneratePlotArrays;
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BEGIN
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GeneratePlotArrays;
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GraphInit;
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SetPlotDevice(IBM7372A);
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WriteLn; WriteString("Drawing plot . . ."); (*Let user know where we are*)
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FOR IPlot := UpLeft TO LowRight DO (*Draw a plot for each array*)
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CASE IPlot OF (* For each array, choose the appropriate plotting area*)
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UpLeft:SetPlotArea(0.0,45.0,60.0,100.0); (*Upper left corner *)
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SetScaledArea(5.0,40.0,62.0,94.0);
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|UpRight: SetPlotArea(55.0,100.0,60.0,100.0); (*Upper right corner*)
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SetScaledArea(60.0,95.0,62.0,94.0);
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|LowLeft:SetPlotArea(0.0,45.0,0.0,40.0); (*Lower left*)
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SetScaledArea(5.0,40.0,2.0,34.0);
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|LowRight:SetPlotArea(55.0,100.0,0.0,40.0); (*Lower right*)
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SetScaledArea(60.0,95.0,2.0,34.0);
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END (* case *);
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SetScale(0.0,4.0,-4.0,4.0); (* remember, x is in units of pi *)
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SetPenColor(Black);
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DrawAxes(0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0,2,2,3.0,2.0); (* draw axes without labels *)
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(* Labels are drawn separately so we can put 'pi' on x-axis labels*)
|
|||
|
|
SetCharSize(Small); (* Label the axes *)
|
|||
|
|
SetLabelOrigin(CenterLeft); (* First, the y-axis *)
|
|||
|
|
Move(-0.05,4.0); DrawLabel("4");
|
|||
|
|
Move(-0.05,2.0); DrawLabel("2");
|
|||
|
|
Move(-0.05,0.0); DrawLabel("0");
|
|||
|
|
Move(-0.05,-2.0); DrawLabel("-2");
|
|||
|
|
Move(-0.05,-4.0); DrawLabel("-4");
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
SetLabelOrigin(LowerMiddle); (* Then the x-axis *)
|
|||
|
|
Move(2.0,-0.5); DrawLabel("2pi");
|
|||
|
|
Move(4.0,-0.5); DrawLabel("4pi");
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
CASE IPlot OF (*Set a new pen color for each plot *)
|
|||
|
|
UpLeft: SetPenColor(Red);
|
|||
|
|
|UpRight: SetPenColor(Green);
|
|||
|
|
|LowLeft: SetPenColor(Blue);
|
|||
|
|
|LowRight: SetPenColor(Magenta);
|
|||
|
|
END (* case *);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Move(0.0,0.0); (* Start at the origin *)
|
|||
|
|
FOR IPnt := 1 TO NPnts DO
|
|||
|
|
Draw(XValue[IPnt],YValue[IPlot,IPnt]); (*Draw to each point*)
|
|||
|
|
END (* for *);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
SetPenColor(Black);
|
|||
|
|
DrawFrame; (*Draw a box around the plot for this array *)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Move(0.75,4.7);
|
|||
|
|
SetLabelOrigin(CenterRight);
|
|||
|
|
SetCharSize(Small);
|
|||
|
|
CASE IPlot OF (*Put the appropriate title on each plot*)
|
|||
|
|
UpLeft: DrawLabel("5 terms in series");
|
|||
|
|
|UpRight: DrawLabel("10 terms in series");
|
|||
|
|
|LowLeft:DrawLabel("20 terms in series");
|
|||
|
|
|LowRight:DrawLabel("100 terms in series");
|
|||
|
|
END (* case *);
|
|||
|
|
END (* for *);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
(*Now that all four plots have been drawn, put a title and
|
|||
|
|
the formula in the middle area on the page *)
|
|||
|
|
SetPlotArea(0.0,100.0,0.0,100.0); (* Set to full screen *);
|
|||
|
|
SetScaledArea(0.0,100.0,0.0,100.0);
|
|||
|
|
SetScale(0.0,100.0,0.0,100.0);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Move(9.0,53.0);
|
|||
|
|
SetCharSize(Med);
|
|||
|
|
SetLabelOrigin(CenterRight);
|
|||
|
|
DrawLabel("FOURIER SERIES APPROXIMATION TO A SAWTOOTH WAVE");
|
|||
|
|
Move(17.0,47.0);
|
|||
|
|
SetCharSize(Small);
|
|||
|
|
DrawLabel("y = 2 {sin(x) - sin(2x)/2 + sin(3x)/3 - sin(4x)/4 + ... }");
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
CloseGraphics; (* Clean up and restore the system *)
|
|||
|
|
END Example.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|