103 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
103 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
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(word processor parameters LM=1, RM=70, TM=2, BM=2)
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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
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PO BOX 1031
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Mesquite, TX 75150
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01/04/90
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Mini Bio :
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Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (klahd'nee)
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German Physicist
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Born: Wittenberg, Saxony, November 30, 1756
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Died: Breslau, Silesia (modern Wroclaw, Poland), April 3, 1827
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Chladni, the son of a lawyer, found his own education directed to
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the law, much against his will. He received his degree from the
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University of Leipzig in 1782, but when his father died Chladni
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was able to consult his own interests more freely, and these lay
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in the direction of science.
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Since he was interested in music and was himself an amateur
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musician, he began to investigate sound waves matehmatically in
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1786.
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He was the first to work out the quantitative relationships
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governing the transmission of sound and is therefore called the
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Father of Acoustics.
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Chladni set thin plates, covered with a layer of sand, to
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vibrating. The plate vibrated in a complex pattern, with some
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portions (nodal lines) remaining motionless. The nodal lines
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retained sand shaken onto them by the neighboring areas that were
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vibrating.
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In this way the plates came to be covered with characteristic sand
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patterns from which much could be deduced concerning vibrations.
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The patterns (which are still called Chladni figures) fascinated
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the audience when they were exhibited before a gathering of
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scintists at Paris in 1809. Napoleon had the demonstration
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repeated for himself.
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The velocity of sound had already been measured in air by Gassendi
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and others two centuries earlier, but Chladni went a step further.
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He filled organ pipes with different gases and from the pitch of
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the note sounded on those pipes was able to calculate the velocity
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of sound in each of those cases.
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The free vibration of a column of gas determines its pitch, and
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that vibration depends on the natural mobility of the molecules
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making it up.
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The velocity of sound through the gas also depends on the natural
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mobility of those molecules, so that the velocity of sound in a
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particular gas can be calculated from the pitch sounded by an
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organ pipe filled with gas.
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Chladni invented a musical instrument called the Euphonium, made
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of glass rods and steel bars that were sounded by being rubbed
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with the moistened finger, and traveled about Europe performing on
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this instrument and giving scientific lectures.
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He also had a collection of meteorites and was one of the first
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scientists to insist that these fell from the heavens, as a number
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of peasants, who claimed they had seen it happen, had reported.
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In 1794 he wrote a book on the subject and suggested the
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meteorites to be the debris of an exploded planet.
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In the very reasonable Age of reason of the late eighteenth
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century, scientists were reluctant to believe such obviously tall
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tales, until Biot settled matters at the turn of the century.
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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Modern research into the phenomena elicited in Chladni figures can
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be primarily attributed to the late Dr. Hans Jenny of Switzerland.
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Dr. Jenny attempted to develop a system which would show Chladni
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figures in three dimensions through the use of computer imaging.
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His best 3D efforts resulted from the use of a plastic material of
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extremely fine grain which possessed a modest attraction to allow
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the formation and transmutation of lifelike structures from
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excitation by acoustic waves.
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An excellent film of Dr. Jenny's work demonstrates the many
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unusual phenomena which occur when various sounds are played
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against each other. This film is included in a video entitled
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"Cymatics" which also features the current work of Dr. Peter Guy
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Manners on the healing aspects of complex waveforms.
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We know that Keely developed analytical devices based on Chladni
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principles to assist in his understanding of frequency phenomena.
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Photos of his equipment show many different types of resonators
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ranging from tubes, to discs, to vibrating bars.
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At this time, we have no positive knowledge of the nature or
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construction of these devices.
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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