421 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
421 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
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______________________________________________________________________________
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| File Name : WACHSPRE.ASC | Online Date : 07/12/95 |
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| Contributed by : Zero Profile Ltd.| Dir Category : GRAVITY |
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| From : KeelyNet BBS | DataLine : (214) 324-3501 |
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| A FREE Alternative Sciences BBS sponsored by Vanguard Sciences |
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| KeelyNet * PO BOX 870716 * Mesquite, Texas * USA * 75187 |
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| Voice/FAX : (214) 324-8741 InterNet - keelynet@ix.netcom.com |
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| WWW Mirror - http://www.eskimo.com/~billb |
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|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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This file deals with a magnetic method of directional control, and will be
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updated when we get the diagrams, either as uploads or scanned in locally.
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One of our contacts spoke with Mr. Wachspress about a year ago and he a free
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flying SUPERCONDUCTING version actually uses the Earth's magnetic field to
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provide free flight. Demonstrations are available for $5000. If the flying
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device is allowed to ascend without restriction, it will move out of the
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atmosphere. Note this patent uses electromagnets to demonstrate the
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directional control techniques invented by Mr. Wachspress.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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** TYPED IN ASCII FILE FORMAT FROM THE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENT
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** Complements of: Zero Profile, Ltd. and
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Magnetic Power, Inc. of Sebastopol, CA
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United States Patent - Patent Number : 4,874,346
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Wachspress - Date of Patent : Oct. 17, 1989
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FREE FLYING MAGNETIC LEVITATOR
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Inventor: Herb Wachspress
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Appl. No. 141,566
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Filed: Jan 6, 1988
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(ref. Documents and other publications omitted)
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ABSTRACT
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A free flying magnetic levitator that is self stabilized and fully
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maneuverable for magnetic structure establishing an odd number of poles for
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interaction with another magnetic field having an even number of poles to
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produce linear motion instead of rotation without a guideway.
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Longitudinally wound coils produce the odd pole magnetic field for maximizing
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coupling with an even pole field such as the magnetic field of the earth.
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13 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
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(Future - Drawings to be included in GIF format)
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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FREE FLYING MAGNETIC LEVITATOR
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BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
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It is known in the art of magnetics that magnets and magnetic materials can
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exert forces of attraction and/or repulsion between each other and various
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magneto-mechanical devices are known, including flying systems such as
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levitating trains. These levitators require some form of linear guideway
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to provide lateral stability and directional guidance.
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Without such a guideway the interaction between opposing magnet systems would
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terminate linear motion. The levitator would no longer have suspension and
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thrust, and would rotate to a static rest.
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A novel levitator is herein provided that requires no guideway, is free
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flying, self stabilized and fully maneuverable.
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With regard to movement of the levitator hereof in space, it is noted that the
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earth's magnetic field has substantially parallel lines of force over any
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limited distance and the present invention provides for establishing an
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interacting TRIPOLE magnetic field by forming the turns of magnetic fields
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thereof perpendicularly to the circumference of the winding.
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With such winds, interaction with the earth's magnetic field, for example,
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results from coupling primarily through the vector potential field of the
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levitator windings and obeys Ampere's longitudinal force law to indeed produce
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substantial thrust in the "weak" magnetic field of the earth.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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The present invention provides a levitator or flight unit incorporating a
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number of magnets having an odd number of poles that is controllably movable
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in an external magnetic field and which is herein embodied as a toy having a
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tethered flight unit controllably movable in a magnetic field.
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The term field generator is herein employed to define a principal magnetic
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field source that the levitator interacts with.
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It is known that a magnet having three poles may be formed by physically
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connecting a pair of dipole magnets together with like poles contacting each
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other. This structure may then have, for example, north poles at each end and
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a south pole at the center. It has been commented by at least one researcher
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that such structure has no useful purpose.
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It is possible, however, to combine tripole magnets, for example, in such a
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way that a net force is exerted thereon by an external magnetic field to the
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end of moving the combination by magnetic forces and in fact to support and
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move the combination in the space by such forces.
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A simple combination of tripole electromagnetics is herein controllably
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energized to not only levitate the combination in a magnetic field, but also
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to controllably move the combination in the field.
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Considering magnetic forces and interactions as an aid to understanding the
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present invention, it is first noted that magneto-mechanical interactions are
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the direct result of polar relationships. Conventional magneto-mechanical
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machines have an even number of active poles and can be explained by
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elementary dipole-dipole interactions. It is known that opposite poles
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attract and like poles repel.
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Two unrestrained dipoles may exhibit some repulsion temporarily, but will not
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remain in stable opposition, as they inevitably rotate and attract each other.
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A single isolated magnetic pole has been hypothesized as an elementary
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particle but no single pole magnets have been adequately confirmed.
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A hypothetical isolated magnetic pole would be attracted toward another
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OPPOSITE monopole and repelled from a like monopole along a straight
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trajectory.
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A monopole would be attracted to one pole of the dipole and repelled by the
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other pole and would follow a curvilenear trajectory. A first dipole
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magnet can be made to move across the field lines of a second if the field of
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the first magnet is tapered, although a tapered dipole will also rotate as it
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cuts across the field and will come to rest when in line with the other
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field's force lines.
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A three pole magnet, as employed in the present invention, exhibits many of
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the characteristics of a monopole. If the flux in both halves of a tripole
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are equal, the opposite rotational moments thereof in a magnetic field will
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balance each other.
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However, in order to have linear motion between a tripole and a dipole, the
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inner pole and outer poles of the tripole must have different effective
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strengths and they should couple to the dipole field with different
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efficiencies. In essence, there should be weaker and stronger poles, i.e., a
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pole differential.
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Winding an electromagnetic tripole along two opposite horn or cone sections
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with their throats meeting in the middle creates a greater magnetic flux
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density in the middle pole because there are more turns per ampere of current
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flow in the middle pole compared to the outer poles. Also, the inner and
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outer poles operate at different characteristic impedance (mostly reluctance
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and inductive reactance) causing a differential of coupling efficiencies to
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the external dipole field. Without these acting on the tripole they would
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balance each other and there would be no motion.
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Another major factor determining the overall magnetomechanical performance of
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the dipole-tripole interactions and all even pole-even pole, odd pole-odd pole
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interactions is the overall impedance matching of opposing systems. In most
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magnetomechanical systems the gap between moving elements is very small the
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loss of efficiency by poor impedance matching is insignificant so there has
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been little investigation of the problem.
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However, a free flying magnetic levitator generator system, with the flux in
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the medium between them, where the gap between moving elements can be very
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large, impedance matching becomes important. A closer impedance match is a
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function of the size, shape and materials of the opposing systems. In the
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case of an electromagnet tripole interacting with a permanent magnet dipole,
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it is proposed that a coating of the winding wire of the tripole with
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materials having a magnetic permeability larger than the wire but smaller than
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the permanent magnet dipole would improve coupling efficiency and that such
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permeability should be close to the permeability of the medium between both
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systems.
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The use of coating to improve the performance of a system is common practice
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in other technologies, although the correlations to magnetic levitators have
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been evidenced only by rudimentary demonstration. The electromagnet tripole
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is not limited to employing slowly varying direct electrical currents, but can
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employ all types of modulated alternating currents, hence the levitator
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becomes a cross between a motor and antenna.
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The permanent magnet dipole has certain characteristic electromagnetic
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resonances and a dynamic antenna motor tripole serving as a levitator will
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interact dynamically with the dipole as well as statistically; however, such
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theory and application is still only rudimentarily developed. However, the
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static odd pole even pole interactions of novel value are more clearly
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demonstrated and explained above.
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Free flying magnetic levitators can be configured from two tripoles disposed
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perpendicularly to each other, as well as other combinations of tripoles, five
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pole magnets and other odd pole combinations. A simple magnetic levitator is
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a full embellishment of Coulombs law for magnetomechanical systems:
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F sub FL = KC sub (PHI) F (PHI) L = U sub m to R squared
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Where F= force between the levitator and the field generator,
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C=coupling efficiency,
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(PHI)F=magnetic flux of the field generator,
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(PHI)L=magnetic flux of the levitator,
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U sub m=permeability of the medium,
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r=distance between the levitator and the field generator,
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K=universal magnetic constant (for compatability of units).
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This law is applicable to all permanent and electromagnets operating as motors
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or generators.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BRIEF DESCCRIPTION OF FIGURES
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(omitted)
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
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(Brief excerpts of the following eight pages of description are referenced by
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column and line number CC:LL)
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8:38
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It will be seen that the flight unit may be controlled, not only to hover in
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an exterior magnetic field or the field of an exterior field generator also to
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make all of the motions possible with conventional flying devices such as an
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airplane.
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One operating the present invention may thus move the flight unit about in the
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surrounding magnetic field. It will of corse, be appreciated that the
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controls of the control unit may be set up in a variety of ways, possibly for
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example, by providing separate joy sticks for (each axis)
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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10:51
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If the current in a wire loop is considered to be in 3D space, the magnetic
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field around the wire is the vector curl of the current and exists some
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further dimension that might be considered to as in 4D space.
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If the magnetic field around the wire is considered to be in 4D space the
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vector potential field around the magnetic field is the vector curl of the
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magnetic field and exists some further dimension that might be considered as
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in 5D space.
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Many more fields are nested in fields of higher dimensionality but only two
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are known to demonstrate macroscopic forces of interaction, magnetic fields
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via many common linear and rotational motors and vector potential fields.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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12:5
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It will be appreciated that levitation for any substantial distance in the
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earth's magnetic field is best accomplished without physical connection of the
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levitator to the ground or power supply. This can be accomplished by
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providing the levitator itself with a self contained power supply. Such a
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power supply may energize the windings of the levitator magnets with
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electrical energy stored in the windings.
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Considering this matter..it is noted that force, F, applied to a current
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carrying conductor in a magnetic field, B, is proportional to Bli, wherein l
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is the length of the conductor and i is current flowing through the conductor.
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Interactions with the relatively weak earth's magnetic field produces
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levitation and motion of the levitator hereof may best be accomplished by
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causing a very large current to flow through the windings of the electromagnet
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thereof.
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Reference is made in this respect to FIG. 16 illustrating a curve of critical
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current versus magnetic field strength. Commonly motors are operated in the
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range wherein the current is relatively low and the field strength is
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relatively high. Inasmuch as the field strength of the earth's magnetic field
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is known to be quite low, the present invention operates upon an entirely
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different portion of the curve, as indicated, for example, at C thereon
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wherein a very large current is employed.
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The current carrying capacity of electrical conductors is known to be related
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to the resistance thereof, and in order to achieve truly high current density,
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the present invention employs conductors having extremely small or
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substantially zero resistance, i.e., superconductors.
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One known superconductor of use here is niobium-titanium that may comprise an
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alloy containing 48% titanium and a superconductor so comprised preferably
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includes copper cladding of full annealed copper. Superconducting properties
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of alloys are generally considered to be attainable only at very reduced
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temperatures although recent research indicates that some types of conductors
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may exhibit superconducting properties at higher temperatures.
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There is schematically illustrated in FIG. 17 a levitator incorporating a
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tripole magnet or tripole magnet and cryostat. The cryostat includes an outer
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insulated envelope providing heat insulating for the interior thereof and an
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interior shell mounting the tripole magnet. A vacuum connection is provided
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to evacuate the interior of the envelope and shell, and a fill and vent line
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extends to the rear exterior of the envelope with a valve therein. A switch
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is electrically connected between the terminals of the tripole and terminals
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exterior to the envelope.
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In accordance with conventional practice the cryostat is first evacuated and
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then charged with liquid helium through the valve. The tripole is then
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charged by an external power supply through the switch which is connected
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accross the windings to prevent shorting of the power supply during charging.
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After disconnection of the power supply the valve is opened to vent the liquid
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helium so as to bring the temperature therein to a very low temperature by
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boiling of the liquid helium.
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Actuation of the switch then causes a circulating current to flow through the
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windings of the tripole against substantially zero resistance so that this
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current then persists to produce the above noted magnetic field about the
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tripole which couples with the earth's magnetic field to cause forces of
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interaction which move or levitate the levitator. It will, of course, be
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appreciated that this levitator may, and preferably does, include a pair of
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orthogonal disposed tripoles, however, only a single tripole is illustrated in
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FIG. 17 for ease of illustration and description.
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The levitator of FIG. 17 may, for example, comprise a small space vehicle with
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the outer shell being formed of aluminum sheet having dimension of ten inches
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in length by two and half inches in diameter with the motor comprising a pair
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of tripole windings of niobium-titanium wire having a one inch diameter and
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two inch length.
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With the structure weighing one ounce and the motor weighing three ounces, a
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refrigerant in the form of two ounces of liquid helium may be provided therein
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to provide a total weight at lift off of 6 ounces.
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Such a unit may have a total thrust at lift off of 9 ounces with an altitude
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at burnout of three miles and a velocity of twenty five hundreds of miles per
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hour at such burnout. Steering of such a unit may be accomplished by
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controlled passage of some current through an orthogonal winding of aluminum
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wire, for example, which exhibits some resistance at the temperature of
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operation of the unit so as to provide desired lateral forces of interaction
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with the earth's magnetic field.
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The tripole magnet field hereof with longitudinally wound toroidial windings
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as shown, for example, in FIG. 13, may also be formed by placing the
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conductors upon a deformable form that may be similar to the structure of FIG.
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10 wherein the ends of the winds are capable of being rotated. A winding may
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thus be formed as elongated turns in a cylindrical shape, as shown at A of
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FIG. 18. End discs or rings are then controllably rotated in opposite
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directions to twist the winding into a pair of frusto-conical shapes having
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contiguous small ends, as shown at B of FIG. 18.
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Appropriate electrical connections are made to the windings as noted above and
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the tripole electromagnet may thus be readily controlled as to taper of the
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windings for establishing a desired differential field strengths between the
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center and ends thereof.
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It will be appreciated that there has been described above a free flying
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magnetic levitator having extended capabilities not only for producing usable
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forces of interaction with generated electrical fields but also with the
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earth's magnetic field. It is further noted that the present invention
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particularly as described in the above noted example of a levitator in
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accordance herewith may be scaled up to larger sizes with increased
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efficiencies and the capablilties of lifting substantial payloads.
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It is also noted that the toroidal windings of FIGS. 13 and 14 may be employed
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in each of the configurations described and illustrated for the winding of
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FIG. 2, for example. Thus the present invention does provide a material
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advancement in the field of space vehicles whether such space be considered as
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the space above a desktop or as the space about the earth, and beyond.
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14:08 to 16:30 (Summary of Patent Claims) has been omitted
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portions of the above U.S. Patent document have been omitted to simplify the
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transcription to machine readable form. For the complete document contact
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the U.S. Patent Office. The Los Angeles Library will provide direct fax
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transmission of U.S. patent documents for a nominal fee.
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--------- end of patent document ------ transcribed 4/15/93
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GIF files of the FIGS from this document will be provided as:
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Wachspr1.GIF through Wachspr6.GIF
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As soon as they have been scanned in and uploaded (by Zero Profile).
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Vanguard Notes
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The magnetic fields are produced by an interesting geometry which is key to
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the entire patent claim showing how a magnetic monopole can be constructed and
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used in a practical application.
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To get a better idea of how it works, you draw a 'cross' on a piece of paper,
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then imagine a line drawn vertically through the center, you will have 6
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radial lines.
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Tapered coils are wound on each of these six arms and energized so that the
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same pole is located at the center. That is, South pole only on the inside
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and North pole ONLY on the outside (or vice versa). Thus, you have an
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'artificial monopole' as a direct result of the geometry.
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By controlling the current flow through one or more of these conical coils,
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|
the device can be caused to move in the desired direction.
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|
|
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|
\ (Z) | / (Y) (Z)
|
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|
\ | / | /
|
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|
(Y) \ | / | /
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|
\ | / | /
|
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|
\ | / | /
|
|||
|
| 6 radial arms |/_________(X)
|
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|
/ | \
|
|||
|
/ | \
|
|||
|
(X) / | \
|
|||
|
/ | \
|
|||
|
/ | \
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
| | this end is on the outside
|
|||
|
________________|_|__________
|
|||
|
wire \_________|_|_________/ (another wonderful ASCII detail)
|
|||
|
\________|_|________/ this one 'intended' to show how a coil
|
|||
|
\_______|_|_______/ is wrapped on each of the 6 radial arms
|
|||
|
\______|_|______/ note : the tapered end faces INWARD
|
|||
|
Tapered \_____|_|_____/
|
|||
|
Coil \____|_|____/
|
|||
|
\___|_|__/________ wire
|
|||
|
| |
|
|||
|
| | this end goes to center
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The interactions between the magnetic fields can be so adjusted as to cause
|
|||
|
the device to tilt. If it is 'floating' as a result of a repelling field
|
|||
|
(which would be located on the bottom for now...<g>), it works like a boat on
|
|||
|
water. When constructed of superconducting materials, it will float in the
|
|||
|
air as it repels against the earth's very weak magnetic field.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For demonstration purposes according to the patent diagram, a coil is provided
|
|||
|
on the bottom to provide a repelling field. The device initially sits on this
|
|||
|
platform when no power is applied to the floater. When the floater is powered
|
|||
|
up and since it is of LIKE polarity in a monopolar configuration, it is
|
|||
|
repelled from the bottom plate freely floats in the air.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Though this is NOT true gravity control, it offers a unique means of
|
|||
|
'steering' such a device when we get to that inevitable stage. Additionally,
|
|||
|
the idea of creating such an intense monopolar repulsion that a device could
|
|||
|
actually work against the earth's natural magnetic field is amazing in itself.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The effects of such high density magnetic fields on living organisms might not
|
|||
|
make this a 'desired' means of flight, though it does not rule out use of it
|
|||
|
for payload delivery systems for space, upper atmosphere beacons or
|
|||
|
transmitters, eye-in-the-sky surveillance systems, etc...........>>> Jerry
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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