429 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
429 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
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***************************************
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* *
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* *
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* KRAKOWICZ'S KRACKING KORNER *
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* *
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* *
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* BASIC HARDWARE KRACKING TOOLS *
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* *
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* *
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* *
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***************************************
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IN ANSWER TO AN INCREASING NUMBER
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OF REQUESTS, HERE ARE A COUPLE OF
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RELATIVELY (?) SIMPLE HARDWARE DEVICES
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DESIGNED TO INCREASE YOUR KRACKING AND
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SNOOPING ABILITY. THE SELECTION RULES
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ARE SIMPLE: IF YOU DON'T KNOW HOW TO
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MAKE IT, DON'T TRY. IF YOU DON'T KNOW
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HOW TO USE IT, DON'T BOTHER. SOME OF
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THE PIECES WILL BE HARD TO FIND, SO IF
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YOUR SOLE SUPPLIER OF HARDWARE IS RADIO
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SHACK, YOU MAY HAVE SEVERE DIFFICULTIES
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BUILDING AT LEAST THE FIRST DEVICE.
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THESE ARE NOT (AS FAR AS I KNOW)
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COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS, AND NEITHER I NOR
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THE MANAGEMENT OF THIS INFORMATION
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SERVICE HAS ANY ABILITY OR DESIRE TO
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SUPPLY YOU WITH COMPLETED DEVICES,
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PARTS, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION,
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DEBUGGING AIDS, OR ADVICE IN THEIR
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UTILIZATION IN KRACKING, OTHER THAN
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THAT PRESENTED HERE. (THESE DEVICES ARE
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DESCRIBED "AS IS", AND THE MANUFACTURER
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MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
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REGARDING, BUT NOT RESTRICTED TO,
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MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OF USE, BLAH,
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BLAH, BULLSHIT, HAVE YOU ANY PULL?).
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THERE ARE TWO DEVICES. THE FIRST
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IS KNOWN AS THE "ROMSWITCH", AND ALLOWS
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YOU TO SELECT BETWEEN TWO PROMS IN THE
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F8 POSITION, ONE BEING A STANDARD APPLE
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9316 PROM SUCH AS AN AUTOSTART ROM, AND
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THE OTHER A 2716 MODIFIED TO PERFORM
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PERVERTED ACTS FOR CLANDESTINE
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PURPOSES. YOU ARE CERTAINLY AWARE OF
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THOSE "PROTECTION" SCHEMES WHICH
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REQUIRE YOU TO HAVE AN UNMODIFIED
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AUTOSTART ROM IN THE F8 SOCKET IN ORDER
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TO BOOT (SHAME ON YOU FOR TRYING TO USE
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LOWER CASE!), AND THERE ARE MANY TIMES
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WHEN IT WOULD BE NICE TO SWITCH EASILY
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BETWEEN A NORMAL AUTOSTART ROM AND A
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KRAKROM WITH VOLATILE MEMORY SAVE AND
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NMI CAPABILITES (CRACK-SHOT, REPLAY,
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WILD CARD, AND FRIENDS ARE BENEATH
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CONTEMPT FOR THE SERIOUS KRACKIST).
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(THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE FIGURED OUT
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HOW TO DO THIS BY PROGRAMMING A 2732
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PROM TO CONTAIN BOTH THE NORMAL AND
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MODIFIED CODE, AND THEN TOGGLE BETWEEN
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THEM WITH A SWITCH ON THE A11 LINE AT
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PIN 18 NEED READ NO FURTHER. YOU ARE
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BEYOND US AND WE SALUTE YOU.)
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AS WE DESCRIBED IN "THE BASICS OF
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KRACKING 1", THE TWO PROMS DIFFER IN
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THEIR UTILIZATION OF CHIP SELECT AND
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CHIP ENABLE PINS. FORTUNATELY, THE
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PINS USED TO CONNECT THE ROM TO THE BUS
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(CHIP SELECT LINES) ARE OF OPPOSITE
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SEX: THE 9316 IS ENABLED BY PULLING PIN
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18 UP TO 5 VOLTS, WHILE THE 2716 IS
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ENABLED BY PULLING PIN 18 DOWN TO
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GROUND. WHAT THIS MEANS TO US IS THAT
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WE CAN SELECT BETWEEN THE TWO CHIPS BY
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WIRING ALMOST ALL THE PINS IN PARALLEL
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AND USING A SINGLE-POLE, SINGLE THROW
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SWITCH TO CONNECT BOTH PINS TO EITHER
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5 VOLTS OR GROUND. (MOST OF THE TIME)
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YOU CAN EVEN DO IT WHILE A PROGRAM IS
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RUNNING WITHOUT ANYONE KNOWING YOU DID
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IT.
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TO DO IT RIGHT, YOU WILL NEED A
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24-PIN PLUG THAT FITS INTO THE F8 ROM
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SOCKET AND CONNECTS TO A 6-INCH PIECE
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OF 24-CONDUCTOR FLAT RIBBON CABLE. THIS
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IS KNOWN IN HARDWARE CIRCLES AS A
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CRIMP-ON 24-PIN DIP PLUG (3M #3460 OR
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EQUIVALENT). IF YOU CAN'T FIND ONE, YOU
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CAN SOLDER THE INDIVIDUAL WIRES TO THE
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SOCKET HOLES OF A 24-PIN SOCKET OR THE
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PINS OF A 24-PIN COMPONENT CARRIER,
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BUT YOU WILL NEED MUCH MORE SOLDERING
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SKILL TO AVOID SHORTS.
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CRIMP THE DIP PLUG ONTO THE 24-PIN
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CABLE, THEN AT THE OTHER END, CRIMP ON
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A TOTAL OF 4 40-PIN "BIPIN" HEADERS
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(EACH ONE HAS TWO ROWS OF 20 PINS ON
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0.100 INCH CENTERS; ANSLEY, 3M, AMP
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MAKE 'EM), ALLOWING A SPACE OF EXACTLY
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0.2 INCHES BETWEEN EACH PAIR. THE
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SPACING BETWEEN OUTSIDE ROWS ON
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ADJACENT HEADERS WILL THEN BE 0.6",
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JUST RIGHT FOR THE PINS ON 24-PIN DIP
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SOCKETS (IF ANYONE EVER FINDS A SOURCE
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OF 24-PIN CRIMP-ON IC SOCKETS, PLEASE
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POST A MESSAGE LISTING THE SOURCE. WE
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WILL BE ETERNALLY GRATEFUL TO YOU).
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(IN THE DIAGRAMS BELOW, PLEASE TRY
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TO PRETEND THAT THE THINGS THAT ARE
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SHAPED LIKE: /\/\/\ LOOK LIKE RESISTOR
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SYMBOLS. IT'LL MAKE ME FEEL A LOT
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BETTER).
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___ ____________________
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^ !....................!_________
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! !....................!4 ^
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! !____________________!____ !
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! ! ! 0.2" !
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!2716->!___________!_______ ____ 0.6"
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! !....................! !
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! !....................!3______!_
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! !____________________!
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! ! !
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! !___________!_______
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! !....................!
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! !....................!2
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! !____________________!
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!9316->! !
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! !___________!_______
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! !....................! 40-PIN
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! !....................!1 HEADERS
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! !____________________!
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6" ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! ! 24-CONDUCTOR
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! ! ! RIBBON CABLE
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! ! !
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! _!___________!_
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! ! ............ !
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! ! ! 24-PIN DIP
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! ! ! PLUG
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! ! !
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! ! ............ ! (TOP VIEW)
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_V_ !_______________!
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/
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PIN 1
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PREPARE TWO 24-PIN WIRE-WRAP
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SOCKETS AS SHOWN BELOW:
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(THESE ARE BOTTOM VIEWS)
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---------------------------------------
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! 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24!
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! ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ !
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! X !
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! 1000 OHMS /\ !
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! \ / ! /
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! _/\/\/\/\___/ ! (NOTCH)->!
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! ! ! \
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! ! ! 9316 PROM !
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! ! . . . . .! . . . . . . !
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!/ / / / / / !/ / / / / / !
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!12 11 10 9 8 7 !6 5 4 3 2 1 !
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------------------!--------------------
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!
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! 100 OHMS
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! /
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_!____/ --/\/\/\---->
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!
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! TO
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! SPST 5 VOLTS
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! SWITCH (PIN24)
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!
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-----------------!---------------------
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! 13 14 15 16 17!18 19 20 21 22 23 24!
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! ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ !/ ./ ./ / ./ ./ ./ !
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! -X X / !
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! 1000 OHMS / / / !
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! \ / /_______/ /
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! _/\/\/\/\_/ !
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! / \
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! / 2716 PROM !
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! / . . . . . . . . . . . !
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!/ / / / / / / / / / / / !
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!12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 !
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---------------------------------------
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X=CUT OFF THE PIN
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INSERT THE SOCKET PINS INTO THE
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=>OUTSIDE<= ROWS OF HOLES IN THE
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HEADERS:
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4 3
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----- -----
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! . . ! ! . . ! ENLARGED VIEW
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! . . ! ! . . ! OF LEFT SIDE
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! . . ! ! . . ! OF CABLE
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! . . ! ! . . ! ASSEMBLY SHOWN
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! . . ! ! . . ! ABOVE
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! . . ! ! . . !
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! . . ! ! . . !
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..! . . !....! . . !..
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. ! . . !----! . . !-.-----
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! . /THE SOCKET
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! ./ WILL COVER
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! . THE SPACE
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! . INSIDE THE
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! . DOTTED LINE
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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. ! . . ! ! . . ! .
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..! !....! !..------
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----- ----- \
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/ \ PIN 1
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/ \
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IC SOCKET PINS FIT IN THESE TWO LINES
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OF HOLES (ONE 24-PIN SOCKET COVERS
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THE LOWER PART OF BOTH HEADERS)
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(BECAUSE OF THE OFFSET USED TO CONNECT
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THE CRIMP PINS TO THE CABLE, THE
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INSIDE ROWS CONTAIN THE SAME PINS, BUT
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WITH THE SIDES SWITCHED. DON'T THINK
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ABOUT IT TOO LONG--IT INVITES MADNESS)
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INSERT THE SOCKET FOR THE 2716
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PROM IN THE LEFTMOST PAIR OF HEADERS
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(IT DOESN'T REALLY MATTER WHICH ONE YOU
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USE AS LONG AS YOU PLUG EACH PROM
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INTO THE RIGHT SOCKET), AND THE 9316
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SOCKET INTO THE RIGHTMOST PAIR. YOU CAN
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OBTAIN THE +5 VOLTS AT PIN 24 OF EITHER
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SOCKET, OR FROM PIN 25 OF ANY
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PERIPHERAL SLOT CONNECTOR. REMOVE THE
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PROM FROM THE F8 SOCKET ON THE MOTHER
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BOARD AND PLUG IT INTO THE 9316 SOCKET
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IN THE HEADERS (NOTCH AND PIN 1 TOWARD
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THE KEYBOARD, PLEASE). PLUG YOUR 2716
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INTO THE OTHER SOCKET, THEN INSERT THE
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DIP PLUG AT THE OTHER END OF THE CABLE
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INTO THE F8 SOCKET ON THE MOTHER BOARD.
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IF YOU LIKE TO LEAVE YOUR APPLE OPEN,
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YOU CAN PUT THE SWITCH WHEREVER IT'S
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HANDY, OR ATTACH IT TO A COUPLE OF
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WIRES AND SNAKE IT OUT THROUGH ONE OF
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THE SLOTS IN THE BACK BEFORE YOU PUT
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THE TOP BACK ON YOUR APPLE.
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IF YOU CUT THE WIRE WRAP PINS ON
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THE 24-PIN SOCKETS DOWN TO ABOUT 1/4",
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THE ENTIRE CABLE ASSEMBLY CAN SAFELY
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SIT ON TOP OF THE POWER SUPPLY, EVEN
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WITH A "ZIF" SOCKET IN THE 2716 SOCKET
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FOR RAPID PROM CHANGING.
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---------------------------------------
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THE SECOND CIRCUIT IS A
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"DEBOUNCED" NMI SWITCH. MOST OF US KNOW
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BY NOW THAT CONNECTING PIN 29 TO PIN 26
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ON ANY OF THE PERIPHERAL SOCKETS WILL
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CAUSE AN NMI INTERRUPT. WHAT WE FOUND
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OUT A LITTLE LATER WAS THAT USING A
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MECHANICAL SWITCH TO CONNECT THE TWO
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LINES GAVE A LOT OF EXTRA "GARBAGE" ON
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THE STACK AND CAUSED A LARGE
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DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE VALUE IN THE
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STACK POINTER STASH LOCATION ($2903 OR
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$4903 FOR KRAKROMS) AND THE ACTUAL
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LOCATIONS OF THE PROGRAM COUNTER AND
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STATUS WORD ON THE STACK. THE REASON
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FOR THIS IS "CONTACT BOUNCE". IF YOU
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TAKE A MICRO VIEW OF SWITCH CONTACTS
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SLAMMING AGAINST EACH OTHER AS A SPRING
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PULLS THEM TOGETHER, THEY ACTUALLY HIT,
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FLY APART, AND COME BACK TOGETHER AS
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MANY AS TEN OR TWENTY TIMES BEFORE
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THEY REMAIN IN CONTACT. THE ENTIRE
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PROCESS TAKES ONLY A FEW MILLISECONDS,
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BUT EACH TIME THE CONTACTS TOUCH, THE
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APPLE'S 6502 OBEDIENTLY DOES ANOTHER
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NMI INTERRUPT, EVEN IF IT HASN'T
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FINISHED THE LAST ONE (IT'S SORT OF A
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CPU ARCHITECT'S MORAL DILEMMA: DO YOU
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ALLOW AN NMI TO BE TRULY NON-MASKABLE
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BY ALLOWING IT TO EVEN INTERRUPT
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ITSELF, OR SHOULD YOU HAVE A FLAG
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THAT'S RAISED TO PREVENT AN NMI FROM
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DISTURBING AN NMI IN PROGRESS?). AT ANY
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RATE, IT'S AN UNWELCOME COMPLICATION TO
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THE ALREADY DIFFICULT TASK OF PROGRAM
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|||
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SNOOPING, SO WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH IT.
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THE SOLUTION IS TO USE A
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"DEBOUNCED" SWITCH, AND THE ACTUAL
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CIRCUIT CONSISTS OF ONLY ONE CHIP AND A
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PAIR OF RESISTORS. THE METHOD OF
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CONSTRUCTION IS OPEN, SINCE THERE ARE
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NO CRITICAL IMPEDANCES OR FREQUENCIES
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INVOLVED. IT'S EVEN POSSIBLE, IF YOU
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HAVE RUN OUT OF SLOTS, TO WIRE UP
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THE IC DIRECTLY TO THE SWITCH, AND
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CONNECT TO A PERIPHERAL CARD WITH A
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3-WIRE CABLE. SOLDER THE APPROPRIATE
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WIRES ONTO ANY CARD WHICH HAS "FINGERS"
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ON PINS 25, 26, AND 29 (A PLAGUE OF
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THERMAL INTERMITTENTS ON THOSE HARDWARE
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PRODUCERS WHO SAVE ELEVEN CENTS PER
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BOARD BY ELIMINATING THE GOLD CARD-EDGE
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FINGERS THAT THEY DECIDE ARE
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SUPERFLUOUS!). IF YOU HAVE
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SLOTS TO SPARE, EITHER OBTAIN THE
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CARD-EDGE TO MAKE CONNECTIONS TO THE
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SOCKET (IT'S SURPRISING HOW MUCH
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SURPLUS ELECTRONICS EXISTS WITH
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CARD-EDGE CONNECTORS OF 50 OR MORE
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CONTACTS ON 0.100" CENTERS), OR BUY ONE
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OF THE HOBBY OR "KLUDGE" BOARDS
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DESIGNED FOR THIS KIND OF FOOLISHNESS.
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(AS USUAL, A.P.P.L.E. IN WASHINGTON
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STATE HAS THE BEST DEAL I'VE SEEN AT
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$14.00 FOR A BLANK BOARD--TERRIFIC
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OUTFIT, GOOD CHEAP SOFTWARE AND
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HARDWARE, GOOD MAGAZINE. YOU SHOULD
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JOIN).
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ONE OTHER SMALL DISADVANTAGE OF
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THIS CIRCUIT IS THAT YOU NEED AN
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SPDT SWITCH WHERE AN SPST IS ALL THAT'S
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REQUIRED ELECTRICALLY, BUT IT'S A SMALL
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PRICE TO PAY. NOW LET'S SEE IF WE CAN
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MAKE THIS LOOK LIKE A SCHEMATIC...
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+---+---O +5 VOLTS -
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! ! SLOT PIN 25
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\ \ (ALSO CONNECTED
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R1 / / R2 TO PIN 14, IC1)
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3K \ \ 3K
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/ /
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\ \ IC1 74LS00
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! ! ____
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* ! ! ! \
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O--+--/!\---+1 \ 3
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* / ! ! O-+
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____/ ! +-+2 / !
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! * ! ! !____/ !
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! O--+ ! !________ /
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--- / ! ! \/__(NO
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- SPDT ! ! _________/\ CONN.)
|
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. SWITCH ! ! ! ____ \
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\ ! ! ! ! \ !
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\ ! ! +-+4 \ 6!
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GROUND- ! ! ! O-+-----O
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SLOT PIN 26 +---+----+5 /
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(ALSO TO !____/ TO SLOT
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PIN 7, IC1) PIN 29
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(NMI)
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* CONNECTION POINT FOR WIRES TO SWITCH
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(IF THE CHIP IS ATTACHED TO THE
|
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|
SWITCH, THE WIRES GO TO PINS 25, 26
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|
AND 29 OF THE PERIPHERAL SLOT
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|
CONNECTOR).
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|
NUMBERS AROUND THE ERSATZ NAND GATES
|
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|
ARE IC PIN NUMBERS-NOT PERIPHERAL
|
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|
SLOT CONNECTOR PINS
|
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|
A PUSHBUTTON SWITCH GIVES YOU A
|
|||
|
|
LITTLE FASTER RESPONSE WHEN YOU'RE
|
|||
|
|
TRYING TO STOP A PROGRAM AT JUST THE
|
|||
|
|
RIGHT POINT, BUT A TOGGLE SWITCH WILL
|
|||
|
|
ALSO GET THE JOB DONE. THE RESISTOR
|
|||
|
|
VALUES ARE NOT CRITICAL--ANYTHING FROM
|
|||
|
|
1K TO 3K IS FINE.
|
|||
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|
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|||
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|
TO USE THESE DEVICES TOGETHER,
|
|||
|
|
REMEMBER THAT THE SWITCH GIVES YOU
|
|||
|
|
ABSOLUTE SELECTION OF THE 2716 OR 9316
|
|||
|
|
AS LONG AS THE MOTHER BOARD HAS BEEN
|
|||
|
|
SELECTED AS THE SOURCE OF F8 CODE.
|
|||
|
|
THE MOTHER BOARD IS SELECTED AS THE ROM
|
|||
|
|
READ SPACE WHEN THE ADDRESSES $C081 OR
|
|||
|
|
$C082 WERE MOST RECENTLY ACCESSED.
|
|||
|
|
IF THE SWITCH IS PLACED IN THE "2716"
|
|||
|
|
POSITION WHEN THE MOTHER BOARD IS
|
|||
|
|
SELECTED, THE ADDRESS SPACE FROM $F800
|
|||
|
|
TO $FFFF WILL BE MAPPED TO THE 2716
|
|||
|
|
PROM, AND ALL MONITOR CALLS, RESETS,
|
|||
|
|
AND NMI OPERATIONS WILL GO WHERE YOU
|
|||
|
|
WANT THEM TO, NOT WHERE SOME PUBLISHER
|
|||
|
|
HAS DECIDED WOULD BE NICE.
|
|||
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