101 lines
5.5 KiB
Plaintext
101 lines
5.5 KiB
Plaintext
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<20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>
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<20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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<20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on Oil Pollution ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [ ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 09/94 # of Words:680 School: ? State: ?
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>>Chop Here><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>><3E><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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"OIL POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON WILDLIFE"
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INTRODUCTION:
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Contamination of the oceans by oil spillage is not a rare occurrence.
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It is happening all over the world every day, fouling coastlines,
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killing animals and destroying fisheries.
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BODY:
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In 1987, more than 3.5 million tons of oil were released into the
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oceans around the world. Out of that only 28 percent of the spillage
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was accidental; the remaining 72 percent was deliberate, illegal
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actions.
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The sources of oil spillage were:
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Washing tanks at sea:
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A lot of the illegal pollution is caused by cleaning of
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oil tanks at sea. After they are cleaned the tankers then
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dump the polluted water, mixed with all the oil residue,
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back into the ocean.
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Oil well blowouts:
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Blowouts occurring at oil well heads release huge amounts
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of oil and gas into the ocean. The drilling vessel IXTOTI
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released more than 400,000 tons of oil into the Gulf of
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mexico over a period of 9 months after its well exploded
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in 1978.
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Tanker accidents:
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The most publicized of the oil spills are those caused by tanker
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accidents. There have been hundreds of accidents involving the
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spilling of million of tons of oil. Big oil spills, no matter
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what way they occur, reflect on the oil industry badly.
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The clean<61>up cost alone is enormous, and the amount of damages can
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be into the millions of dollars. Despite the clean<61>up efforts,
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once there is an oil spill, it cannot be prevented from causing
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major damage to wildlife and the environment.
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EFFECT ON WILDLIFE:
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All the migrating seabirds like guillemots, puffins, and razorbills are
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at risk from oil pollution. During migration, they look for calm water
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where they rest and fish. Oil<69>covered seas look calm to birds, and they
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land on the water by thousands, only to be trapped in the oil and die of
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starvation. The birds that don't become trapped usually die as well from
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trying to remove the oil from their feathers, the birds ingest the oil and
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that usually kills them in a few days. The oil that washes to shore on the
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beaches where seals and sea lion breed harm these animals as well, any
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animals that get caught in the oil usually die. An area that is rich in
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wildlife is Alaska's Prince William Sound. When the Exxon Valdez had it's
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spill thousands of sea otters died and lot's more are still at risk. When
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the oil coats their fur, otters can't swim or maintain there body
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temperature, they either freeze to death, or drown. When a marine animal
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dies it is usually eaten by other species and then those species get
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poisoned too.
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CLEANING UP:
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Crude oil is complex, it is mixed with more than a 1000 different
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chemicals. In most seas, the highly toxic light hydrocarbons, which are
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refined to gasoline and jet fuel, soon evaporate, lower the risk to some
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marine life. As in the Artic it is freezing and the process of evaporation
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is slow because of the low temperature. In these conditions the oil must
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be burned. In calm waters, floating booms can contain the oil so that it
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can be pumped off the surface of the sea into holding tanks. They remove
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what they can and the remaining oil is sprayed with chemicals. These
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chemicals break down the oil into tiny particles, which than get broken
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down by bacteria which feed on some of the hydrocarbons in the oil. Yet
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the residue will eventually end up on the beaches.
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CONCLUSION:
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Most of the worst oil pollution is caused by the cleaning of ships oil
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storage tanks at sea. If they had stricter policies dealing with this
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activity this may be avoided. Every year, a large amount of oil is spilled
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throughout the North Sea through the dumping of petroleum products, both on
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land and in the sea. A lot of oil is released by sewers and rivers. We
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can help and reduce oil pollution by returning used motor oil for recycling
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rather than pouring it down the drain or burying it in the yard.
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