345 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
345 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
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Newsgroups: rec.aviation.military
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From: jfb200@cbnewsd.cb.att.com (joseph.f.baugher)
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Subject: Allied Code Names for Japanese World War II Aircraft
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Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories - Naperville, Illinois
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Date: Thu, 10 Dec 1992 02:34:32 GMT
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Message-ID: <1992Dec10.023432.4863@cbnewsd.cb.att.com>
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Keywords: Betty, Peggy, Zeke, and Frank
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Lines: 335
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Someone requested that a list of Allied code names for Japanese aircraft
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used during the Second World War be posted. Ask and ye shall receive!
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Enjoy!
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The code name system for Japanese aircraft originated in the Southwest
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Pacific theatre in the second half of 1942. Before Pearl Harbor, very
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little was known about Japanese military aircraft of any type, and it was
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widely assumed that most Japanese military aircraft were second-rate copies
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of obsolescent Western designs. It goes without saying that the first
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six months of the Pacific War showed just how wrong that view was!
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The Allies were thus faced with a desperate need for accurate, up-to-date
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intelligence on the Japanese aircraft which were at that time riding
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roughshod over the entire Pacific theatre of operations. In June, 1942
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Captain Frank T. McCoy of Nashville, Tennessee became head of the Material
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Section of the Directorate of Intelligence of the allied air forces in the
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entire Southwest Pacific area. His team was assigned the task of identifying
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and classifying Japanese aircraft.
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Since Captain McCoy was from Tennessee, he initially assigned hillbilly names
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such as ZEKE, RUFE, NATE, and JAKE to Japanese aircraft--chosen so that they
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were short, simple, unusual, and easy to remember. 75 code names were assigned
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the first month. By September 1942, these names were in wide use throughout
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the entire Southwest Pacific. Shortly thereafter, they went into use
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throughout the entire Pacific.
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These odd-sounding code names soon attracted attention from high-ranking
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military brass. Captain McCoy assigned to what later turned out to be a
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modified Zero the code name HAP, the nickname of General Henry H. ("Hap")
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Arnold, USAAF Chief of Staff. The General was NOT amused, and had Capt
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McCoy summoned before General MacArthur's chief of operations to explain
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what he was up to. Captain McCoy seems to have gotten himself out of this
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particular jam, but the name HAP was quietly changed to HAMP.
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In the summer of 1944, a joint Army-Navy Air Technical Center in Washington
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took over responsibility for assigning the names.
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The code names were alloted according to the following system:
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Male first names: Fighters and reconnaissance seaplanes
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Female first names: Bombers, attack bombers, dive bombers
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Reconnaissance aircraft
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Flying boats
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Transports (names beginning with letter T).
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Tree names: Trainers
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Bird names: Gliders
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However, there were some exceptions to the rule. The Ki-44 Shoki single-
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seat fighter was assigned the name TOJO.
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Here is a list of code names. Supposedly it is complete, but I would
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appreciate being informed of any omissions.
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ALLIED CODE NAMES FOR JAPANESE AIRCRAFT
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CODE NAME JAPANESE DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION
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__________ ____________________________ ________________________
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ABDUL Nakajima Ki-27 Army single-seat fighter serving
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in CBI theatre. Duplicate of
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NATE in Southwest Pacific.
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After 1943, code name NATE
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was used exclusively.
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ADAM "Nakajima STK-97" Nonexistent fighter seaplane
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ALF Kawanishi E7K Navy single-engined
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reconnaissance biplane
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seaplane
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ANN Mitsubishi Ki-30 Army single-engined light bomber
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BABS Mitsubishi Ki-15/C5M Army/Navy single-engined
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reconnaissance aircraft
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BAKA Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka Navy rocket-powered suicide
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(Cherry Blossom) attacker.
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BELLE Kawanishi H3K1 Navy biplane flying boat
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BEN "Nagoya-Sento KI-001" Did not exist.
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BEN Mitsubishi A6M Reisen Name briefly assigned to Zero
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(Zero Fighter) in CBI theatre.
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BESS Heinkel He 111 Erroneously believed to being
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built under license in Japan
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BETTY Mitsubishi G4M Navy twin-engined land-based
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attack bomber
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BOB Aichi Type 97 Navy recon seaplane - did not
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exist
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BOB Kawasaki Ki-28 Erroneously believed to be in
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production as fighter
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BUZZARD Kokusai Ku-7 Manazuru Army transport glider
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(Crane)
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CEDAR Tachikawa Ki-17 Army single-engined two-seat
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biplane primary trainer
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CHERRY Yokosuka H5Y Navy flying boat
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CLARA Tachikawa Ki-70 Army command reconnaissance
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aircraft
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CLAUDE Mitsubishi A5M Navy carrier-based single-seat
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fighter
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CYPRESS Kyushu K9W Navy primary trainer
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Kokusai Ki-86 Army primary trainer
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DAVE Nakajima E8N Navy two-seat reconnaissance
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seaplane biplane.
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DICK Seversky A8V1 Seversky 2PA-B3 purchased
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from USA and operated as
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two-seat Navy land-based
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fighters.
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DINAH Mitsubishi Ki-46 Army twin-engined reconnaissance
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and interceptor aircraft.
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DOC Messerschmitt Bf 110 German twin-engined fighter
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erroneously believed to be
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in service in Japan.
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DORIS Mitsubishi B-97 Medium bomber- did not exist
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DOT Yokosuka D4Y Carrier-based dive bomber -
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duplicate of JUDY
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EDNA Mansyu Ki-71 Army experimental single-engined
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two-seat tactical
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reconnaissance aircraft.
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Development of Mitsubishi
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Ki-51.
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EMILY Kawanishi H8K Navy four-engined long-range
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reconnaissance flying boat
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EVA(EVE) Mitsubishi Ohtori Erroneously believed to be a
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bomber
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FRANCES Yokosuka P1Y Ginga Navy land-based twin-engined
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(Milky Way) light bomber/night fighter
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FRANK "Mitsubishi TK-4" Fictional twin-engined fighter.
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Name later applied to
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Nakajima Ki-84
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FRANK Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate (Gale) Single-seat Army fighter.
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FRED Focke-Wulf FW 190A-5 Erroneously believed to be
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in service in Japan
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GANDER Kokusai Ku-8 Army transport glider
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Formerly named GOOSE
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GEORGE Kawanishi N1K Shiden Navy single-seat land-based
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(Violet Lightning) interceptor-fighter
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GLEN Yokosuka E14Y Navy single-engined
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reconnaissance seaplane
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GOOSE Kokusai Ku-8 Army transport glider
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Named changed to GANDER
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GRACE Aichi B7A Ryusei Navy single-engined carrier-
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(Shooting Star) based attack bomber.
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GUS "Nakajima AT-27" Fictional twin-engined fighter.
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GWEN Mitsubishi Ki-21-IIb Army heavy bomber - name later
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changed to SALLY III.
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HAMP Mitsubishi A6M3 Navy carrier-based fighter.
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First named HAP, then HAMP,
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then finally ZERO 32.
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HANK Aichi E10A Navy reconnaissance seaplane
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HELEN Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu Army twin-engined heavy bomber
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(Storm Dragon)
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HICKORY Tachikawa Ki-54 Army twin-engined advanced crew
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trainer and light transport.
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IDA Tachikawa Ki-55 and Ki-36 Army single engined two-seat
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monoplane trainer and army
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cooperation aircraft
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IONE "Aichi AI-104" Nonexistent reconnaissance
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seaplane.
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IRENE Junkers Ju 87A German single-engine dive
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bomber erroneously believed
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to be in service with
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Japanese army.
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IRVING Nakajima J1N Gekko (Moonlight) Navy twin-engined land-based
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night fighter and
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reconnaissance aircraft.
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JACK Mitsubishi J2M Raiden Navy single-seat land-based
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(Thunderbolt) interceptor.
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JAKE Aichi E13A Navy single-engined
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reconnaissance seaplane.
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JANE Mitsubishi Ki-21 Army heavy bomber - Name later
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changed to SALLY
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JANICE Junkdrs Ju 88A-5 German light bomber erroneously
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believed to be in service in
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Japan.
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JEAN Yokosuka B4Y Navy carrier-based single-
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engined attack bomber biplane.
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JERRY Heinkel A7He1 Heinkel He 112B-0 in service in
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Japan as Navy land-based
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fighter.
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JILL Nakajima B6N Tenzan Navy single-engined carrier-
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(Heavenly Mountain) based attack bomber.
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JIM Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa Army single-seat fighter - name
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later changed to OSCAR
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JOE "TK-19" Fictional single-seat fighter
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JOYCE Misidentified HICKORY Believed to be a light bomber
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version of Tachikawa Ki-54
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JUDY Yokosuka D4Y Suisei Navy carrier-based single-
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(Comet) engined dive bomber.
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JULIA Misidentified LILY Believed to be a heavy bomber
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JUNE Misidentified JAKE Believed to be a floatplane
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version of VAL
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KATE Nakajima B5N Navy single-engined
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carrier-based attack bomber
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LAURA Aichi E11A Navy reconnaissance seaplane
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LILY Kawasaki Ki-48 Army twin-engined light bomber
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LIZ Nakajima G5N Shinzan Navy four-engined attack bomber
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(Mountain Recess) operated as freight transport.
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LORNA Kyushu Q1W Tokai Navy twin-engined land-based
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(Eastern Sea) patrol aircraft.
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LOUISE Mitsubishi Ki-2 Army twin-engined light bomber
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LUKE Mitsubishi J4M Senden Navy interceptor
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MABEL Mitsubishi B5M Carrier-based attack bomber.
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Name later changed to
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KATE 61
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MARY Kawasaki Ki-32 Army single-engined, two-seat
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light bomber
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MAVIS Kawanishi H6K Navy four-engined maritime
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reconnaissance flying boat
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MIKE Messerschmitt Bf 109E German fighter erroneously
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believed to be in service in
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Japan.
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MILLIE Vultee V-11GB Erroneously believed to be in
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production by Showa in Japan
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MYRT Nakajima C6N Saiun Navy single-engined carrier-
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(Painted Cloud) based reconnaissance aircraft
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NATE Nakamima Ki-27 Army single-seat fighter
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Name initially used only in
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Southwest Pacific theatre,
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whereas the same plane was
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called ABDUL in CBI theatre.
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From 1943 onward used name
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NATE exclusively.
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NELL Mitsubishi G3M Navy land-based twin-engined
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attack bomber
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NICK Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu Army two-seat, twin-engined
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(Dragon Killer) fighter
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NORM Kawanishi E15K Shiun Navy single-engined high-speed
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(Violet Cloud) reconnaissance seaplane
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NORMA Misidentified BABS Believed to be a light bomber
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OAK Kyushu K10W Navy intermediate trainer
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License-built North American
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NA-16
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OMAR "Suzukaze 20" Fictional twin-engined fighter
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OSCAR Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa Army single-seat fighter - known
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(Peregrine Falcon) for a time in CBI theatre as
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JIM
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PAT Tachikawa Ki-74 Erroneously believed to be a
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long-range fighter. Name
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changed to PATSY when true
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role of bomber became known.
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PATSY Tachikawa Ki-74 Army experimental long-range,
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high-altitude reconnaissance
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bomber.
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PAUL Aichi E16A Zuiun Navy single-engined
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(Auspicious Cloud) reconnaissance seaplane
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PEGGY Mitsubishi Ki-67 Hiryu Army twin-engined heavy bomber
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(Flying Dragon)
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PERRY Kawasaki Ki-10 Army single-seat biplane fighter
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Relegated to training roles by
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beginning of Pacific War
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PETE Mitsubishi F1M Navy single-engined observation
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biplane seaplane.
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PINE Mitsubishi K3M Navy single-engined crew trainer
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RANDY Kawasaki Ki-102b Army twin-engined assault plane
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RAY Mitsubishi A6M Reisen Name briefly assigned to Zero
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(Zero Fighter) in CBI theatre.
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REX Kawanishi N1K Kyofu Navy single-engined seaplane
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(Mighty Wind) fighter.
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RITA Nakajima G8N Renzan Navy land-based four-engined
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(Mountain Range) attack bomber
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ROB Kawasaki Ki-64 Experimental Army single-seat
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fighter
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RUFE Nakajima A6M2-N Seaplane fighter version of
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Mitsubishi A6M2 Reisen.
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RUTH Fiat BR-20 Italian-built heavy bomber in
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Japanese service
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SALLY Mitsubishi Ki-21 Army twin-engined heavy bomber.
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Formerly named JANE.
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SAM Mitsubishi A7M Reppu Navy single-seat carrier-based
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(Hurricane) fighter
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SANDY Mitsubishi A5M Navy carrier-based fighter.
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Name given to a non-existent
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inverted-gull wing version
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of CLAUDE.
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SLIM Watanabe E9W Navy Reconnaissance Seaplane
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SONIA Mitsubishi Ki-51 Army two-seat, single-engined
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assault aircraft
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SPRUCE Tachikawa Ki-9 Army medium-grade two-seat
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single-engined biplane trainer
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STELLA Kokusai Ki-76 Army single-engined command
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liaison aircraft. Generally
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similar to Fieseler Fi 156
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Storch but not a copy.
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STEVE Mitsubishi Ki-72 Army experimental twin-engined
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fighter
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SUSIE Aichi D1A Navy single-engined carrier-
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based biplane dive bomber
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TABBY Showa/Nakajima L2D Navy land-based twin-engined
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transport. License-built
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version of Douglas DC-3.
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TESS Douglas DC-2 License-built DC-2s
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erroneously believed to be
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in widespread use by
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Japanese Navy.
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THALIA Kawasaki Ki-56 Army twin-engined transport.
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Japanese-built adaptation of
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Lockheed Model 14-WG3.
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THELMA Tachikawa/Kawasaki Type LO Twin-engined Army transport.
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License built version of
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Lockheed Model 14.
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THERESA Kokusai Ki-59 Army twin-engined light
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personnel transport
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THORA Nakajima Ki-34/L1N Army/Navy twin-engined transport
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TINA Mitsubishi Ki-33 Army transport - misidentified
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Yokosuka L3Y transport version
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of G3M attack bomber.
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TILLIE Yokosuka H7Y Navy experimental flying boat
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TOBY Lockheed 14 Commercial Lockheed 14s used
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by Japan during Pacific War.
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TOJO Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki Army single-seat fighter
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(Devil-Queller)
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TONY Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (Swallow) Army single-seat fighter
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TOPSY Mitsubishi Ki-57/L4M Army/Navy twin-engine transport
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TRIXIE Junkers Ju 52/3m German trimotor transport
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erroneously believed to be in
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service in Japan
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TRUDY Focke-Wulf Fw 200 German four-engined maritime
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reconnaissance aircraft
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erroneously believed to be
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in service in Japan
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VAL Aichi D3A Navy single-engined two-seat
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carrier-based dive bomber
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WILLOW Yokosuka K5Y Navy intermediate trainer
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biplane.
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ZEKE Mitsubishi A6M Reisen Navy single-engined carrier-
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(Zero Fighter) based fighter.
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Source:
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Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Rene J. Francillon,
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Naval Institute Press, 1979
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Joe Baugher **************************************
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AT&T Bell Laboratories * "You see, something's going to *
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2000 North Naperville Road * happen. Something wonderful!" *
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P. O. Box 3033 **************************************
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Naperville, Illinois 60566-7033
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(708) 713 4548
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ihlpl!jfb Who, me? Speak for AT&T? Surely you jest!
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jfb200@cbnewsd.att.com
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