203 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
203 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
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SAN MARINO
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 60 km2; land area: 60 km2
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Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
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Land boundary: 39 km with Italy
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Coastline: none--landlocked
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Maritime claims: none--landlocked
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Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
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Terrain: rugged mountains
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Natural resources: building stones
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Land use: arable land 17%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
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pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 83%
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Environment: dominated by the Appenines
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Note: landlocked; world's smallest republic; enclave of Italy
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PEOPLE
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Population: 23,264 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)
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Birth rate: 8 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 79 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.);
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adjective--Sanmarinese
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Ethnic divisions: Sanmarinese, Italian
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Religion: Roman Catholic
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Language: Italian
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Literacy: 96% (male 96%, female 95%) age 14 and over can
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read and write (1976)
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Labor force: about 4,300
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Organized labor: Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers
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(affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated
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General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of San Marino
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Type: republic
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Capital: San Marino
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Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli,
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singular--castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano,
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Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
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Independence: 301 AD (by tradition)
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Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of
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the functions of a constitution
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Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law
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influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic,
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3 September
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Executive branch: two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet);
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real executive power is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign
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affairs and the secretary of state for internal affairs
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Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council (Consiglio
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Grande e Generale)
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Judicial branch: Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
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Leaders:
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Co-Chiefs of State--Captain Regent Aldamiro BARTOLINI and
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Captain Regent Ottaviano ROSSI (since 1 April 1990);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Gabriele GATTI (since July
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1986)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gabriele GATTI;
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San Marino Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS) formerly San Marino
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Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto GHIOTTI;
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San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Remy GIACOMINI;
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Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA;
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San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto CASALI;
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San Marino Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo BUSCARINI
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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Grand and General Council--last held 29 May 1988
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(next to be held by May 1993);
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results--percent of vote by party NA;
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seats--(60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
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Communists: about 300 members
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Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties
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influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy
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Member of: CE, CSCE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF (observer), IOC, IOM
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(observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,
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WHO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: San Marino maintains honorary
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Consulates General in Washington and New York, and an honorary Consulate
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in Detroit;
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US--no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence
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(Italy) is accredited to San Marino; Consulate General at
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Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, 38, 50123 Firenze, Italy (mailing address is
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APO New York 09019-0007); telephone 39 (55) 239-8276 through 8279 and
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217-605
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Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue
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with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
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of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a
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wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS
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(Liberty)
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ECONOMY
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Overview: More than 2 million tourists visit each year,
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contributing about 60% to GDP. The sale of postage stamps to foreign
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collectors is another important income producer. The manufacturing sector
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employs nearly 40% of the labor force and agriculture less than 4%. The
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per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to
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northern Italy.
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GDP: $393 million, per capita $17,000; real growth rate 2%
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(1990 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: 6.5% (1985)
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Budget: revenues $99.2 million; expenditures $NA, including
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capital expenditures of $NA (1983)
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Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
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commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime,
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wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide
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variety of consumer manufactures
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Imports: see Exports
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External debt: $NA
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Industrial production: growth rate NA%
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Electricity: supplied by Italy
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Industries: wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourist
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Agriculture: employs less than 4% of labor force; products--wheat,
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grapes, corn, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs,
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horses; depends on Italy for food imports
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Economic aid: NA
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Currency: Italian lira (plural--lire);
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1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; also mints its own coins
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Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January
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1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987),
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1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: 104 km
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Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 11,700 telephones;
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stations--no AM, 20 FM, no TV; radio relay and cable links into Italian
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networks; no communication satellite facilities
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: public security or police force of less than 50 people
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Manpower availability: all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia
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that can serve as an army
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Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
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