298 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
298 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
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PORTUGAL
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 92,080 km2; land area: 91,640 km2; includes Azores and
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Madeira Islands
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Comparative area: slightly smaller than Indiana
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Land boundary: 1,214 km with Spain
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Coastline: 1,793 km
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Maritime claims:
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Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province)
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disputed with Indonesia
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Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and
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drier in south
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Terrain: mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south
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Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore,
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uranium ore, marble
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Land use: arable land 32%; permanent crops 6%; meadows and
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pastures 6%; forest and woodland 40%; other 16%; includes irrigated
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7%
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Environment: Azores subject to severe earthquakes
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Note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations
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along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
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PEOPLE
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Population: 10,387,617 (July 1991), growth rate 0.3% (1991)
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Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 13 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 71 years male, 78 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 1.5 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Portuguese (sing. and pl.);
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adjective--Portuguese
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Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland,
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Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated
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to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000
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Religion: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%,
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other 2%
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Language: Portuguese
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Literacy: 85% (male 89%, female 82%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 4,605,700; services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture
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20% (1988)
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Organized labor: about 55% of the labor force; the
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Communist-dominated General Confederation of Portuguese
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Workers--Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents more than half of the
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unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union
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(UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents
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less than half of unionized labor
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Portuguese Republic
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Type: republic
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Capital: Lisbon
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Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos,
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singular--distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas,
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singular--regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga,
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Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria,
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Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal,
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Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
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Dependent area: Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative
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Region of China in 1999)
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Independence: 1140; independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910
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Constitution: 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and
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1 June 1989
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Legal system: civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews
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the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ
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jurisdiction, with reservations
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National holiday: Day of Portugal, 10 June
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Executive branch: president, Council of State, prime minister,
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deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the Republic
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(Assembleia da Republica)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de
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Justica)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES
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(since 9 March 1986);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6
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November 1985)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva;
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Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Jorge SAMPAIO;
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Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Herminio MARTINHO;
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Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro CUNHAL;
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Social Democratic Center (CDS), Andriano MORREIRA (interim);
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National Solidarity Party, Manuel SERGIO
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections:
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President--last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held February
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1996);
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results--Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos
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CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%;
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Assembly of the Republic--last held 6 October 1991
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(next to be held October 1995);
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results--Social Democrats 50.4%,
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Socialists 29.3%,
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United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists) 8.8%,
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Christian Democrats 4.4%,
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National Solidarity Party 1.7%,
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Democratic Renewal 0.6%, other 4.8%;
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seats--(230 total) Social Democrats 132, Socialists 70, United
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Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists) 17,
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Christian Democrats 5,
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National Solidarity Party 1; after absentee ballots counted five
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seats to be allocated
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Communists: Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753
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(December 1983)
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Member of: AfDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE,
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ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IEA, IFAD,
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IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,
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LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, OAS (observer),
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OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
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WTO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Joao Eduardo M. PEREIRA
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BASTOS; Chancery at 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington DC 20008;
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telephone (202) 328-8610; there are Portuguese Consulates General in
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Boston, New York, and San Francisco, and Consulates in Los Angeles,
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Newark (New Jersey), New Bedford (Massachusetts), and Providence (Rhode
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Island);
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US--Ambassador Everett E. BRIGGS; Embassy at Avenida das Forcas
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Armadas, 1600 Lisbon (mailing address is APO New York 09678-0002);
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telephone 351 (1) 726-6600 or 6659, 8670, 8880; there is a US
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Consulate in Ponta Delgada (Azores)
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Flag: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red
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(three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing
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line
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ECONOMY
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Overview: During the past four years, the economy has made a
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sustained recovery from the severe recession of 1983-85. The economy
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grew by 14% during the 1987-89 period, largely because of strong
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domestic consumption and investment spending. Unemployment has
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declined for the third consecutive year, but inflation continues to be
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about three times the European Community average. The government is
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pushing economic restructuring and privatization measures in anticipation
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of the 1992 European Community timetable to form a single large market in
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Europe.
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GDP: $57.8 billion, per capita $5,580; real growth rate 3.5%
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(1990)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13.4% (1990)
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Unemployment rate: 5.5% (1990 est.)
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Budget: revenues $21.6 billion; expenditures $23.8 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $6.9 billion (1990)
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Exports: $16.3 billion (f.o.b., 1990);
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commodities--cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish,
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wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, appliances;
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partners--EC 72%, other developed countries 13%, US 5%
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Imports: $24.9 billion (c.i.f., 1990);
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commodities--petroleum, cotton, foodgrains, industrial machinery,
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iron and steel, chemicals;
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partners--EC 69%, other developed countries 11%,
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less developed countries 13%, US 4%
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External debt: $18.4 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 4.9% (1989); accounts for
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40% of GDP
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Electricity: 6,729,000 kW capacity; 16,000 million kWh produced,
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1,530 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork;
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metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
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Agriculture: accounts for 9% of GDP and 20% of labor force; small
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inefficient farms; imports more than half of food needs; major
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crops--grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; livestock sector--sheep, cattle,
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goats, poultry, meat, dairy products
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8
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billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $1.13 billion
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Currency: Portuguese escudo (plural--escudos);
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1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos
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Exchange rates: Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1--134.46 (January
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1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988), 140.88 (1987), 149.59
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(1986), 170.39 (1985)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 3,613 km total; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP)
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operates 2,858 km 1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double
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track), 755 km 1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified,
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double track, privately owned
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Highways: 73,661 km total; 61,599 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and
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crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway;
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7,962 km improved earth; 4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)
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Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to
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national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton
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cargo capacity
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Pipelines: crude oil, 11 km; refined products, 58 km
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Ports: Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas
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(Azores), Setubal, Sines
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Merchant marine: 52 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 684,350
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GRT/1,190,454 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 20 cargo,
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2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo,
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12 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical tanker,
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2 liquefied gas, 10 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note--Portugal has created
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a captive register on Madeira (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will
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have the taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience;
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although only one ship currently is known to fly the Portuguese flag on
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the MAR register, it is likely that a majority of Portuguese flag ships
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will transfer to this subregister in a few years
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Civil air: 29 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 69 total, 63 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 1
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with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways
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1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 2,690,000
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telephones; stations--57 AM, 66 (22 relays) FM, 25 (23 relays) TV;
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7 submarine cables; communication satellite ground stations operating in
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the INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, and
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domestic systems (mainland and Azores)
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National
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Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 2,621,116; 2,131,628 fit for
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military service; 88,718 reach military age (20) annually
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Defense expenditures: $1.6 billion, 3% of GDP (1990)
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