236 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
236 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 28,050 km2; land area: 28,050 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland
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Land boundaries: 539 km total; Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
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Coastline: 296 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of
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disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay
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Climate: tropical; always hot, humid
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Terrain: coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are
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volcanic
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Natural resources: timber, crude oil, small unexploited deposits
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of gold, manganese, uranium
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Land use: arable land 8%; permanent crops 4%; meadows and pastures
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4%; forest and woodland 51%; other 33%
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Environment: subject to violent windstorms
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Note: insular and continental regions rather widely separated
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PEOPLE
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Population: 378,729 (July 1991), growth rate 2.6% (1991)
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Birth rate: 42 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 116 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 53 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 5.4 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s);
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adjective--Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
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Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Bioko, primarily Bubi,
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some Fernandinos; Rio Muni, primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans,
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mostly Spanish
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Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman
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Catholic; some pagan practices retained
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Language: Spanish (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
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Literacy: 50% (male 64%, female 37%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 172,000 (1986 est.); agriculture 66%, services 23%,
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industry 11% (1980); labor shortages on plantations; 58% of population
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of working age (1985)
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Organized labor: no formal trade unions
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
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Type: republic
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Capital: Malabo
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Administrative divisions: 2 provinces (provincias,
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singular--provincia); Bioko, Rio Muni; note--there may now be 6 provinces
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named Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele Nzas
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Independence: 12 October 1968 (from Spain; formerly Spanish Guinea)
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Constitution: 15 August 1982
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Legal system: in transition; partly based on Spanish civil law and
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tribal custom
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National holiday: Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, deputy prime minister,
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Council of Ministers (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives of the
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People (Camara de Representantes del Pueblo)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA
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MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister Cristino SERICHE BIOKO MALABO
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(since 15 August 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Isidoro Eyi MONSUY ANDEME
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(since 15 August 1989)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--Democratic Party for
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Equatorial Guinea (PDGE), Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA
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MBASOGO, party leader
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Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
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Elections:
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President--last held 25 June 1989 (next to be held 25 June 1996);
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results--President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO was
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reelected without opposition;
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Chamber of People's Representatives--last held 10 July 1988 (next
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to be held 10 July 1993);
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results--PDGE is the only party;
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seats--(41 total) PDGE 41
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Communists: no significant number
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD,
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ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS (associate),
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NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Damaso OBIANG NDONG; Chancery
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at 801 Second Avenue, Suite 1403, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212)
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599-1523;
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US--Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires William MITHOEFER;
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Embassy at Calle de Los Ministros, Malabo (mailing address is P. O.
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Box 597, Malabo; telephone 240 (9) 2185, 2406, 2507
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Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red
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with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of
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arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow
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six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands)
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above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a
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scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy, destroyed during the regime of former
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President Macias Nguema, is now based on agriculture, forestry,
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and fishing, which account for about 60% of GNP and nearly all exports.
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Subsistence agriculture predominates, with cocoa, coffee, and wood
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products providing income, foreign exchange, and government
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revenues. There is little industry. Commerce accounts
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for about 10% of GNP, and the construction, public works, and service
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sectors for about 34%. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium,
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iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Oil exploration,
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taking place under concessions offered to US, French, and Spanish firms,
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has been moderately successful, and some revenues from oil exports
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will begin rolling in by mid-1991.
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GDP: $144 million, per capita $411; real growth rate 2.9% (1988
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est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.9% (1989 est.)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $23 million; expenditures $31 million, including
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capital expenditures of NA (1988)
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Exports: $41 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
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commodities--coffee, timber, cocoa beans;
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partners--Spain 44%, FRG 19%, Italy 12%, Netherlands 11% (1987)
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Imports: $57.1 million (c.i.f., 1988);
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commodities--petroleum, food, beverages, clothing, machinery;
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partners--Spain 34%, Italy 16%, France 14%, Netherlands 8% (1987)
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External debt: $195 million (1989)
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Industrial production: growth rate - 6.8% (1990 est.); acounts
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for about 4% of GDP
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Electricity: 23,000 kW capacity; 60 million kWh produced,
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170 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: fishing, sawmilling
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Agriculture: cash crops--timber and coffee from Rio Muni, cocoa
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from Bioko; food crops--rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts,
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manioc, livestock
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY81-89), $14
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $112 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $55 million
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Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
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(plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
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Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF)
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per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85
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(1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
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Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Highways: Rio Muni--1,024 km; Bioko--216 km
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Ports: Malabo, Bata
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Merchant marine: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,413
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GRT/6,699 DWT; includes 1 cargo and 1 passenger-cargo
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Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 4 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: poor system with adequate government services;
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international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European
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countries; 2,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 1 Indian Ocean
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INTELSAT earth station
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, National Police
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 79,641; 40,369 fit for military
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service
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Defense expenditures: $NA, 11% of GNP (FY81 est.)
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