228 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
228 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
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DJIBOUTI
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 22,000 km2; land area: 21,980 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Massachusetts
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Land boundaries: 517 km total; Ethiopia 459 km, Somalia 58 km
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Coastline: 314 km
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Maritime claims:
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Contiguous zone: 24 nm;
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Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic
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Somalis
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Climate: desert; torrid, dry
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Terrain: coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
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Natural resources: geothermal areas
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Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures
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9%; forest and woodland NEGL%; other 91%
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Environment: vast wasteland
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Note: strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes
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and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia
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PEOPLE
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Population: 346,311 (July 1991), growth rate 2.6% (1991)
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Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 117 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 46 years male, 50 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.4 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Djiboutian(s); adjective--Djiboutian
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Ethnic divisions: Somali (Issa) 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab,
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Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
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Religion: Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
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Language: French and Arabic (both official); Somali and Afar widely
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used
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Literacy: 48% (male 63%, female 34%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: NA, but a small number of semiskilled laborers at
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the port and 3,000 railway workers; 52% of population of working age
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(1983)
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Organized labor: 3,000 railway workers
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Republic of Djibouti
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Type: republic
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Capital: Djibouti
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Administrative divisions: 5 districts (cercles, singular--cercle);
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Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
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Independence: 27 June 1977 (from France; formerly French Territory
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of the Afars and Issas)
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Constitution: partial constitution ratified January 1981 by the
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National Assembly
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Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional
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practices, and Islamic law
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National holiday: Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
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Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
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Legislative branch: National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Hassan GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June
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1977);
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Head of Government--Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou (since 30
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September 1978)
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Political parties and leaders: only party--People's Progress
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Assembly (RPP), Hassan GOULED Aptidon
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Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
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Elections:
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President--last held 24 April 1987 (next to be held April 1993);
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results--President Hassan GOULED Aptidon was reelected without
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opposition;
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National Assembly--last held 24 April 1987 (next to be
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held April 1992); results--RPP is the only party; seats--(65 total)
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RPP 65
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Communists: NA
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Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,
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IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
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LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE; Chancery
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(temporary) at the Djiboutian Permanent Mission to the UN; 866 United
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Nations Plaza, Suite 4011, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 753-3163;
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US--Ambassador Robert S. BARRETT IV; Embassy at Villa Plateau du
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Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti (mailing address is B. P.
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185, Djibouti); telephone 253 35-39-95
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Flag: two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light
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green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a
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red five-pointed star in the center
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy is based on service activities connected with
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the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in
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northeast Africa. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port
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for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center.
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It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is,
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therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its
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balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment
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rate of over 40% continues to be a major problem. Per capita
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consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last five years with
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a population growth rate of 6% (including immigrants and refugees) and a
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recession.
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GDP: $340 million, $1,030 per capita; real growth rate - 1.0% (1989
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est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1989)
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Unemployment rate: over 40% (1989)
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Budget: revenues $131 million; expenditures $154 million, including
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capital expenditures of $25 million (1990 est.)
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Exports: $190 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--hides and skins, coffee (in transit);
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partners--Middle East 50%, Africa 43%, Western Europe 7%
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Imports: $311 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals,
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petroleum products;
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partners--EC 36%, Africa 21%, Asia 12%, US 2%
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External debt: $355 million (December 1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate 0.1% (1989); manufacturing
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accounts for 4% of GDP
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Electricity: 110,000 kW capacity; 190 million kWh produced,
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580 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as
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dairy products and mineral-water bottling
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Agriculture: accounts for only 5% of GDP; scanty rainfall limits
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crop production to mostly fruit and vegetables; half of population
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pastoral nomads herding goats, sheep, and camels; imports bulk of food
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needs
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $39
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million; Western (non-US) countries, including ODA and OOF bilateral
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commitments (1970-88), $1,035 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89),
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$149 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $35 million
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Currency: Djiboutian franc (plural--francs); 1 Djiboutian franc
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(DF) = 100 centimes
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Exchange rates: Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1--177.721 (fixed
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rate since 1973)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: the Ethiopian-Djibouti railroad extends for 97 km
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through Djibouti
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Highways: 2,900 km total; 280 km bituminous surface, 2,620 km
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improved or unimproved earth (1982)
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Ports: Djibouti
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Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways;
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none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
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4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and
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radio relay stations at outlying places; 7,300 telephones; stations--2
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AM, 1 FM, 2 TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 ARABSAT;
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1 submarine cable to Saudi Arabia
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army (including Navy and Air Force), paramilitary
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National Security Force, National Police Force
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 89,519; 52,093 fit for military
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service
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