233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
233 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
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BRUNEI
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 5,770 km2; land area: 5,270 km2
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Comparative area: slightly larger than Delaware
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Land boundary: 381 km with Malaysia
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Coastline: 161 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 12 nm
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Disputes: may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides
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the country
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Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy
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Terrain: flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly
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lowland in west
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Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, timber
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Land use: arable land 1%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures
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1%; forest and woodland 79%; other 18%; includes irrigated NEGL%
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Environment: typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
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Note: close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking
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Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia;
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almost an enclave of Malaysia
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PEOPLE
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Population: 397,777 (July 1991), growth rate 6.3% (1991)
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Birth rate: 22 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: 45 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 77 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 2.9 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Bruneian(s); adjective--Bruneian
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Ethnic divisions: Malay 64%, Chinese 20%, other 16%
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Religion: Muslim (official) 63%, Buddhism 14%, Christian 8%,
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indigenous beliefs and other 15% (1981)
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Language: Malay (official), English, and Chinese
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Literacy: 77% (male 85%, female 69%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1981)
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Labor force: 89,000 (includes members of the Army); 33% of labor
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force is foreign (1988); government 47.5%; production of oil, natural
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gas, services, and construction 41.9%; agriculture, forestry, and fishing
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3.8% (1986)
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Organized labor: 2% of labor force
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: Negara Brunei Darussalam
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Type: constitutional sultanate
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Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
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Administrative divisions: 4 districts (daerah-daerah,
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singular--daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
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Independence: 1 January 1984 (from UK)
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Constitution: 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended
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under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since
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independence on 1 January 1984)
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Legal system: based on Islamic law
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National holiday: National Day, 23 February (1984)
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Executive branch: sultan, prime minister, Council of Cabinet
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Ministers
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Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council
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(Majlis Masyuarat Megeri)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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Leaders:
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Chief of State and Head of Government--Sultan and Prime Minister
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Sir Muda HASSANAL BOLKIAH Muizzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Brunei United National Party (inactive), Anak HASANUDDIN, chairman;
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Brunei National Democratic Party (the first legal political party and now
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banned), leader NA
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Suffrage: none
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Elections:
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Legislative Council--last held in March 1962; in 1970
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the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the sultan
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and no elections are planned
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Communists: probably none
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Member of: APEC, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, ICAO, IDB, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC,
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ISO (correspondent), ITU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Dato Paduka Haji Mohamed SUNI
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bin Haji Idris; Chancery at 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037;
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telephone (202) 342-0159;
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US--Ambassador Christopher H. PHILLIPS; Embassy at Third Floor,
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Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan (mailing address
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is P. O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan and Box B, APO San Francisco,
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96528); telephone 673 (2) 229-670
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Flag: yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double
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width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem
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in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a
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swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent
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above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
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ECONOMY
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Overview: The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic
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entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and
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village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of
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crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector
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accounting for more than 50% of GDP. Per capita GDP of $9,600
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is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from
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overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government
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provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing.
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GDP: $3.3 billion, per capita $9,600; real growth rate
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2.7% (1989 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1989 est.)
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Unemployment: 2.5%, shortage of skilled labor (1989 est.)
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Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $230 million (1988 est.)
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Exports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
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commodities--crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products;
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partners--Japan 60%, Thailand 10%, Singapore 4% (1988)
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Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989);
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commodities--machinery and transport equipment, manufactured
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goods, food, chemicals;
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partners--Singapore 36%, UK 26%, Switzerland 7%, US 7%, Japan 6%
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(1988)
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External debt: none
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Industrial production: growth rate 12.9% (1987); accounts for
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52.4% of GDP
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Electricity: 310,000 kW capacity; 890 million kWh produced,
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2,400 kWh per capita (1990)
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Industries: petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction
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Agriculture: imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops
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and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $20.6
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-87), $143.7 million
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Currency: Bruneian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Bruneian dollar
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(B$) = 100 cents
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Exchange rates: Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1--1.7454 (January
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1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774
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(1986), 2.2002 (1985); note--the Bruneian dollar is at par with the
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Singapore dollar
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line
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Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and
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another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved
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Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2
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meters
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Ports: Kuala Belait, Muara
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Merchant marine: 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over)
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totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT
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Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 418 km;
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natural gas, 920 km
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Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (3 Boeing 757-200,
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1 Boeing 737-200)
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Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1
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with runway over 3,659 m; 1 with runway 1,406 m
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Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for
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present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia;
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radiobroadcast coverage good; 33,000 telephones (1987); stations--4
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AM/FM, 1 TV; 74,000 radio receivers (1987); satellite earth stations--1
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Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces (including Ground Forces,
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Flotilla, and Air Wing), Royal Brunei Police
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 110,727; 63,730 fit for
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military service; 3,199 reach military age (18) annually
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Defense expenditures: $233.1 million, 7.1% of GDP (1988)
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