244 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
244 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
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ANGOLA
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GEOGRAPHY
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Total area: 1,246,700 km2; land area: 1,246,700 km2
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Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
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Land boundaries: 5,198 km total; Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km,
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Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km
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Coastline: 1,600 km
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Maritime claims:
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Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
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Territorial sea: 20 nm
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Disputes: civil war since independence on 11 November 1975;
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on 31 May 1991 Angolan President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS
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and Jonas SAVIMBI, leader of the National Union for the Total
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Independence of Angola (UNITA), signed a peace treaty that calls for
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multiparty elections between September and November 1992, an
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internationally monitored cease-fire, and termination of outside
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military assistance
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Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has
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cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to
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April)
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Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior
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plateau
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Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates,
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copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
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Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
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pastures 23%; forest and woodland 43%; other 32%
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Environment: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on
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plateau; desertification
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Note: Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire
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PEOPLE
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Population: 8,668,281 (July 1991), growth rate 2.7% (1991)
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Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991)
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Death rate: 20 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
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Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)
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Infant mortality rate: 151 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
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Life expectancy at birth: 42 years male, 46 years female (1991)
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Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1991)
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Nationality: noun--Angolan(s); adjective--Angolan
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Ethnic divisions: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%,
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Mestico 2%, European 1%, other 22%
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Religion: indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant
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15% (est.)
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Language: Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects
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Literacy: 42% (male 56%, female 28%) age 15 and over can
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read and write (1990 est.)
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Labor force: 2,783,000 economically active; agriculture 85%,
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industry 15% (1985 est.)
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Organized labor: about 450,695 (1980)
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GOVERNMENT
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Long-form name: People's Republic of Angola
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Type: in transition from a one-party Marxist state to a multiparty
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democracy with a strong presidential system
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Capital: Luanda
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Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias,
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singular--provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango,
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Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte,
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Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
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Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
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Constitution: 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11
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August 1980, and 6 March 1991
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Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary
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law; recently modified to accommodate multipartyism and increased use of
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free markets
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National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
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Executive branch: president, chairman of the Council of Ministers,
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Council of Ministers (cabinet)
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Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly (Assembleia do
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Povo)
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Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao)
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Leaders:
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Chief of State--President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21
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September 1979);
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Head of Government--Fernando Jose Franca VAN DUNEM (since
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21 July 1991)
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Political parties and leaders: only one party exists--the
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Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party
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(MPLA), Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS--although others are expected to
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form as legalization of a multiparty system proceeds;
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National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) lost to
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the MPLA and Cuban military support forces in the immediate
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postindependence struggle, but is to receive recognition as a legal party
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Suffrage: universal at age 18
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Elections: first nationwide, multiparty elections to be held
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between September and November 1992
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Member of: ACP, AfDB, CEEAC (observer), ECA, FAO,
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FLS, G-77, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
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LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
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WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation: none
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Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a
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centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a
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cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
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ECONOMY
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Overview: Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for
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80 to 90% of the population, but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil
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production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing
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about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an
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internal war has severely affected the nonoil economy, and food has to be
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imported. For the long run, Angola has the advantage of rich natural
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resources, notably gold, diamonds, and arable land. To realize its
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economic potential Angola not only must secure domestic peace but also
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must reform government policies that have led to distortions and
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imbalances throughout the economy.
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GDP: $7.9 billion, per capita $925; real growth rate 2.0% (1990
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est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23.2% (1988)
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Unemployment rate: NA%
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Budget: revenues $2.6 billion; expenditures $4.4 billion,
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including capital expenditures of $963 million (1990 est.)
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Exports: $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--oil,liquified petroleum gas, diamonds, coffee, sisal,
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fish and fish products, timber, cotton;
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partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil, France
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Imports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
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commodities--capital equipment (machinery and electrical
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equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing,
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medicines; substantial military deliveries;
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partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil
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External debt: $7.0 billion (1990)
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Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for about 60%
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of GDP, including petroleum output
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Electricity: 506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced,
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90 kWh per capita (1989)
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Industries: petroleum, diamonds, mining, fish processing, food
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processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, basic metal
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products
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Agriculture: cash crops--coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar,
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manioc, tobacco; food crops--cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains,
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bananas; livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry
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2% of total agricultural output; disruptions caused by civil war
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and marketing deficiencies require food imports
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Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $265
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million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
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(1970-88), $1,005 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion
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Currency: kwanza (plural--kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei
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Exchange rates: kwanza (Kz) per US$1--29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)
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Fiscal year: calendar year
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COMMUNICATIONS
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Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km
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0.600-meter gauge; limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks;
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sections of the Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency
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Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment,
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29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved
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earth
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Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable
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Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km
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Ports: Luanda, Lobito, Namibe, Cabinda
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Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
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66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and
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lubricants (POL) tanker
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Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft
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Airports: 315 total, 183 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways;
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1 with runways over 3,659 m; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 58 with
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runways 1,220-2,439 m
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Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio relay, and
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troposcatter routes; high frequency used extensively for military/Cuban
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links; 40,300 telephones; stations--17 AM, 13 FM, 2 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean
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INTELSAT earth stations
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DEFENSE FORCES
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense, People's Defense
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Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard
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Manpower availability: males 15-49, 2,080,837; 1,047,500 fit for
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military service; 92,430 reach military age (18) annually
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Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
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