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207 lines
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_Current_Cites_
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Volume 2, no. 12
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December 1991
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Library Technology Watch Program
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University of California, Berkeley
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Edited by David F.W. Robison
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ISSN: 1060-2356
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Contributors:
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Teri Rinne, Vivienne Roumani, Lisa Rowlison, Mark Takaro, Roy Tennant
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Expert Systems
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Buckland, Michael K. and Doris Florian "Expertise, Task Complexity,
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and Artificial Intelligence: A Conceptual Framework" Journal of the
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American Society for Information Science 42(9) (Oct. 1991):635-
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643. This interesting and somewhat theoretical article discusses
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the potential value AI might have in the design and use of
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information systems (IS). The authors' model of task complexity
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which relates the user's system expertise with his/her subject
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expertise, makes for a clear explanation of the points in the
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(human/machine) interaction where simplification (and perhaps AI)
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might be introduced to maximize successful IS usage. The measure
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of machine intelligence (measured pragmatically in terms of the
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number of reliable responses provided rather than requiring it to
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meet the rigors of a philosophical definition) as suggested here puts
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into perspective what is meant in calling a machine "intelligent" and
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also serves as a useful, practical criterion (along with issues of
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cost) for evaluating the utility of machines incorporating AI design.
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-- LR
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Hyper- and Multimedia
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Ang, Peng H., Peter A. Ruetz, and David Auld "Video Compression
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Makes Big Gains" IEEE Spectrum 28(10) (October 1991):16-19. A
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technical discussion describing video compression of both still and
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moving pictures. As standards continue to be developed for the
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medium, storage of large sets of images for multimedia applications
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will become easier. A short bibliography appended to the article
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suggests further readings on the subject. -- MT
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Bonomi, Mauro "Multimedia and CD-ROM: An Overview of JPEG, MPEG
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and the Future" CD-ROM Professional 4(6) (November 1991):38-42.
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A thorough review of the process by which standards for multimedia
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are being developed. Both the Joint Photographic Experts Group
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(JPEG) and the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) are working on
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standardizing compression schemes to improve the use of images in
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multimedia systems. An example of a co-processor designed to the
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JPEG standards is mentioned. -- MT
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Donovan, John W. "Intel/IBM's Audio-Video Kernel" BYTE 16(13)
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(December 1991)177-186. Hardware continues to makes strides in
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the multimedia world as new products to address the market are
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introduced. The audio-visual kernal (AVK), a joint effort of Intel and
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IBM, provides a low-level software interface for real-time video and
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audio in multimedia applications. Incorporating concepts from audio
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and video production studios and compatible with other operating
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systems, the AVK advances the capabilities of desktop multimedia
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systems. Sidebars on the new Intel/IBM ActionMedia Delivery Board
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and IBM's multimedia platform PS/2 Ultimedia Model M57 SLC
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accompany the article. -- MT
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Jorgensen, Corinne and Peter Jorgensen "Citations in Hypermedia:
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Maintaining Critical Links" College and Research Libraries 52(6)
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(November 1991):528-536. The issue of citations for sources in
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hypermedia systems is addressed in this discussion of
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considerations for the design of those systems. If designers keep
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the citation issue in mind, they will be able to create hypermedia
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systems that are easier to cite. A lengthy bibliography points up
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useful related sources in the field as well. -- MT
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Networks and Networking
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"ALANET to Cease" ALCTS Network News 2(20) (December 9, 1991).
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Given fiscal constraints, and the availability of alternate network
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access, ALANET will cease operations on January 31, 1992. But, ALA
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"will assist all ALANET subscribers to locate and secure alternate
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services comparable to those provided by ALANET." -- DR
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Bailey, Jr., Charles W. and Dana Rooks, eds. "Symposium on the Role
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of Network-Based Electronic Resources in Scholarly Communication
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and Research" Public Access Systems Review 2(1) (1991):4-60. The
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editors posed five questions to the conference participants relating
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to the roles libraries should "play in creating, collecting, providing
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access to, and supporting network-based electronic resources." --
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DR
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Engle, Mary E. "Electronic Paths to Resource Sharing: Widening
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Opportunities Through the Internet" Reference Services Review
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19(4) (Winter 1991):7-12. Engle investigates the uses and
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procedures for accessing remote information resources using telnet.
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In addition, she uses the experience of the Melvyl( system to
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analyze usage patterns and problems. There is also a handy section
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entitled "Survival Techniques." -- DR
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"High-Performance Computing Act of 1991" Signed December 9,
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1991. This is the text of the "NREN bill" and is available by sending
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an e-mail message to NIS-INFO@NIS.NSF.NET (35.1.1.48) with no
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subject and the message reading "send nrenbill.txt" or through
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anonymous ftp (password "guest") in the nsfnet directory -- DR
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North American Directory Forum "A Naming Scheme for c=US" RFC
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1255 (September 1991) . This somewhat technical paper describes
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the NADFs agreement on how entries will be named in the public
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portion of the North American Directory in conformance with x.500
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standards. The purpose of the agreement is to ensure that names are
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both meaningful and unique (available via anonymous ftp from
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nnsc.nsf.net or 128.89.1.178 in directory /rfc as RFC1255.txt). -
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- DR
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Perratore, Ed, et al. "Networking CD-ROMs: the Power of Access" PC
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Magazine 10(22) (December 31, 1991):333-363. Networking CD-
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ROMs is becoming easier and less expensive as the technology
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improves and licensing restrictions ease. This is an extensive
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collection of articles of reviews of DOS-based drives, changers,
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towers, LANs, and software. -- DR
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Peters, Paul Evans "Summary Report of the Fall 1991 Meeting of the
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CNI Task Force" Posting on CNIDIR-L@UNMVM.BITNET and PACS-
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L@UHUPVM1.BITNET (December 11, 1991). The Director of the
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Coalition for Networked Information has provided the Internet
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community with excellent notes on the Fall meeting of the
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Coalition's Task Force. The issues addressed at the meeting include:
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catalyzing the flow of networked information, the perspective of the
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humanities, arts and social sciences, NREN public policy framework,
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and an information policies compilation. -- DR
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Weis, Alan and Eric Aupperle "A Letter to the Internet Community..."
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Posting to the com-priv@psi.com Internet discussion on
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commercialization and privatization issues regarding the Internet
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(Dec. 7, 1991). Advanced Network Services (formed by a partnership
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between IBM, MCI, and Merit), announces a scheme to prevent
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commercial network traffic from traversing the network lines of
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constituent networks that do not wish to carry commercial traffic.
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Also announced is the first major commercial service provider
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offered to the Internet by ANS: Dialog Information Services of Palo
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Alto. -- RT
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Wilson, David L. "High Cost Could Deny Big Computer Advance to
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Some Colleges" Chronicle of Higher Education 38(15) (December 4,
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1991):A1, A32. While advanced computing is becoming the order of
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the day in many libraries and institutions, many smaller
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organizations may not be able to afford the upgrades. A national
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high-speed computing network has little use for the campus that
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cannot afford to connect to it. Some argue, however, that priorities
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will shift and the money will be found. -- DR
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Optical Disc Technologies
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Brueggeman, Peter. "Memory Management for CD-ROM Workstations-
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-Part II" CD-ROM Professional 4(6) (November 1991):74-78. In the
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second installment of his series on memory management,
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Brueggeman provides tips on how CD-ROM users can maximize their
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hardware/software investment and more efficiently run their CD-
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ROMs. He discusses memory analyzers, DOS versions, memory
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managers, and network considerations. Also includes an extensive
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products directory. -- TR
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Jones, Arnold. "DOS CD-ROMs: Not Just for DOS Computers" CD-ROM
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Professional 4(6) (November 1991):48-50. Jones explains how DOS-
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based CD-ROMs are not restricted to DOS machines. This article
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demonstrates how DOS CD-ROMs can be used without modification
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under the following operating systems: OS/2, SCO XENIX, SCO UNIX,
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Interactive UNIX, ATT UNIX System V/386, and Novell Netware 386.
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-- TR
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Oudard, Denis. "The Evolution of Century Disc Archival Technology"
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CD-ROM Professional 4(6) (November 1991):42-46. After four years
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of research and development, the first archival CD, designed to last
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for at least 100 years, has been released by DIGIPRESS. To overcome
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the physical limitations of conventional plastic discs, all organic
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materials were replaced by minerals and all unstable materials
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were replaced with their most invulnerable "cousins." The new
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technology has been successfully applied to all optical disc formats
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including CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-Video, and 30cm Laser Disc. -- TR
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Perratore, Ed, et al. "Networking CD-ROMs: the Power of Access" --
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See: Networks and Networking.
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Forthcoming
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Tennant, Roy "Internet Basic Training: Teaching Networking Skills in
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Higher Education" Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and
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Policy 1(2) (Winter 1991). -- RT
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Current Cites 2(12)(December 1991) ISSN: 1060-2356
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Copyright (C) 1991 by the Library, University of
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California, Berkeley. All rights reserved.
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Copying is permitted for noncommercial use by computerized
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bulletin board/conference systems, individual scholars, and
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libraries. Libraries are authorized to add the journal to their
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collections at no cost. This message must appear on copied
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material. All commercial use requires permission from the editor,
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who may be reached in the following ways:
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drobison@library.berkeley.edu // drobison@ucblibra // (510)642-7600
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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