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Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uwm.edu!rutgers!news.cs.indiana.edu!babbage.ece.uc.edu!ra.ece.uc.edu!montjoy
From: montjoy@thor.ece.uc.edu (Rob Montjoy)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.sun.admin,comp.sys.sun.misc,comp.unix.solaris,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: FAQ: Sun Computer Administration Frequently Asked Questions
Summary: Answers to questions which appear in comp.sys.sun.*
Keywords: Sun Computer Admin FAQ
Message-ID: <comp-sys-sun-admin_767237090@babbage.ece.uc.edu>
Date: 25 Apr 94 01:24:54 GMT
Expires: 23 May 1994 01:24:50 GMT
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Archive-name: comp-sys-sun-faq
Last-modified: 1994/3/1
Version: 1.9.1
Frequently Asked Questions for Comp.sys.sun.admin
Last update March 1 1994
This is a collection of common questions posted to the comp.sys.sun.*
hierarchy.
Please send corrections or submissions to "Rob.Montjoy@UC.EDU". Mark
the Subject as Sun FAQ.
This FAQ is available from thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118)
in the /pub/sun-faq. Get the file sun-faq.general. The sun-faq
directory is also available from gopher.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118).
Important Notice:
This is the Last version of this FAQ in its present form. This
FAQ will be divided into several sections and be converted to
allow newsreaders to go between subjects.
This would be a good time to add any of your favorite questions.
Just mail them to the usual address.
Also, someone has volunteered to maintain this FAQ in
HTML form(World Wide Web) and this FAQ will be made available
through the Web Server at ra.ece.uc.edu and at least one
more.
If anyone has any source code(Sun Specific) for Solaris2.x or
SunOS4.1.x that you want to add the source archive available
on thor. Should we offer pre-compiled binaries for Solaris2.x?
Finally, at the same time the thor anon ftp and thor gopher
servers will be overhauled. Let me know if you want anything
included on the gopher or anon ftp servers.
Notes: As of this writing almost all of these questions apply
to SunOS versions up to 4.1.3. SunOS 5.x questions
will start appearing gradually as more people start
installing SunOS 5.x(Solaris 2.x).
I am looking for suggestions on how to split this FAQ into
sections. These sections should follow the comp.sys.sun.*
newsgroups(app, hardware, admin, misc, and wanted) and
section on bettering Sun Security. Basically, what
will end up with is a FAQ on each subject. Each
FAQ will have a Solaris1.x Section, a Solaris2x section,
and a section common to both.
I will probably need some volunteers to help coordinate
this undertakeing.. Send suggestion to the usual address.
This article includes answers to the following questions, which are loosely
grouped into categories. Questions marked with a '+' indicate questions
new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the
last issue are marked by '!'.
Questions
1) How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?
2) How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?
3) How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?
4) Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5?
5)! What does "NFS write error X" mean?
6) How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
system configuration information?
7) Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?
8)! Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?
9)! How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
environment?
10) Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
and any other manufacturer's equipment(like DEC)?
11) How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
12) How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?
13) What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?
14) Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?
15) Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
model?
16) How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?
17) Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?
18) Why are the "random" missing services at boot time(even
though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?
19) Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 8-mm tape drives(at
a reasonable price)?
20) What is "archie"?
21) How do I synchronize time between several Suns?
22) What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
to Sun Users?
23) How do I join sun related mailing lists?
24) How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
25)! How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?
26) Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
environment?
27) How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?
28) Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?
29) What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?
30) What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?
31) What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?
32) What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?
33) What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
signify?
34) How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?
35) I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in. What's wrong?
36) Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?
37) How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
state of the Carrier Detect line?
38) I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change. Why?
39) I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
Control, and Esc keys inconvenient. How do I remedy this?
40) How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?
41) My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler. How can I get one?
42) How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?
43) I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
proc: table is full and/or
file: table is full and/or
dquot: table is full and/or
inode: table is full
What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?
44) Blank at present.
45) How do I run X11R5 applications under Openwindows or Openwindows
applications under X11R5?
46) Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?
47) Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?
48) When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
_get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?
49) What is Solaris?
50) What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?
51) How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
how do I repair it?
52) After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose mbstowcs_xccs,
mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.
53) What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
Solaris 2.0?
54) Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?
55) What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?
56) How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?
57)! How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?
58) Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?
59) How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?
60) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
under Openwindows 3.0?
61) Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?
62) My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?
63) Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
64) How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?
65) Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?
66) I just restored my root partation and now I can not boot. What
is wrong?
67) How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?
68) How do I disable the printing of banners pages?
69) How do I change my hostname?
70) Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
71) Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?
72) Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?
73)! Is there a command to display the configuration of
currentily attached SCSI devices?
74)+ My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?
75)+ I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
or slip/ppp link. What do I do?
76)+ Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
77)+ Is there a mailing list for Wabi?
Answers
1) How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?
Note: Solaris2.x users should see question 64..
The "normal" behavior of a hostname lookup under NIS is to
consult the NIS hosts map and then DNS (if configured). If
you are not running NIS the system will only look in
the /etc/hosts file.
You have two options to correct this situation:
A) Re-build the shared library version of libc with replacement
resolver routines which understand DNS. Resolv+ provides one
of the best sets of replacement routines and it cames with
detailed instructions. Also, it will take of fixing the
many problems with the normal Sun shared library rebuild.
Finally, resolv+ can be obtained from thor.ece.uc.edu.
Get the file /pub/sun-faq/resolv+2.1.1.tar.Z.
Rebuilding the shared library will not allow statically
linked binaries to do name resolving and these binaries
will only use /etc/hosts. You can get "dynamically linked"
replacements for these via anonymous ftp to
thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) and get the file
/pub/sun-faq/rcp-mount.dynamic.tar.Z.
This file only contains sun4 binaries.
To be able to rebuild shared libraries you need to
install the "shlib custom" option which is avaiable
with SunOS version 4.1 or greater.
If you want to do it under 4.0.3 you need to get the
patches available from ftp.uu.net(192.48.96.9) in the
/systems/sun/sun-fixes directory. You will need the following
files:
lib.msg, libc_pic.a.sun3 or libc_pic.a.sun4 and
libc_resolv.so.sun3 or libc_resolv.so.sun4
Make sure to get the README that cames with these files.
It is in the same directory.
Note: You can still use NIS for other things in environment,
such as passwd, and group maps.
B) Run NIS with the "hosts" maps only. If you
only need DNS capability than change the "all"
line /var/yp/Makefile to "all: hosts".
It does not require any changes to shared libraries.
See question 2 for complete directoins on how to setup
DNS with NIS.
2) How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?
First setup the appropriate /etc/resolv.conf file.
Something like this should do the "trick".
;
; Data file for a client.
;
domain local domain
nameserver address of primary domain nameserver
nameserver address of secondary domain nameserver
where: "local domain" is the domain part of the hostnames.
For example, if your hostname is "thor.ece.uc.edu"
your "local domain" is "ece.uc.edu".
You will need to put a copy of this resolv.conf on
all NIS(YP) servers including slaves.
Under SunOS 4.1 and greater, change the "B=" at the top
of the /var/yp/Makefile to "B=-b" and setup NIS in the
usual fashion.
You will need reboot or restart ypserv for these changes
to take affect.
Under 4.0.x, edit the Makefile or apply the following "diff":
*** Makefile.orig Wed Jan 10 13:22:11 1990
--- Makefile Wed Jan 10 13:22:01 1990
***************
*** 63 ****
! | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
--- 63 ----
! | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
***************
*** 66 ****
! | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \
--- 66 ----
! | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \
3) How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?
On the Client machines:
A) mount /var/spool/mail with the no attribute caching
option.
An example, fstab line would be the following:
mailhost:/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail nfs rw,noac 0 0
B) Use a sendmail.cf that forces all mail to be delivered
by the mailhost.
One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
/pub/sun-faq/sendmail.client.cf
Do not use the OR option that Sun provides. It is broken
in many ways.
On the server machine:
A) Setup DNS MX records pointing to the mailhost for
all client machines.
B) Edit the /etc/exports file to export /var/spool/mail
to the mail client machines. You may want
to use a netgroup for this purpose.
C) Setup the /etc/sendmail.cf on the server recognize
that mail to/from a client is "local".
One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
/pub/sun-faq/sendmail.server.cf
Note: You may want to install Berkeley sendmail instead of Suns
stock sendmail.
4) Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5?
AnswerBook in its current form requires the Openwindows
server. It uses the NeWS extensions(Postscript) extensions
to this server to display the Answerbook files.
To use AnswerBook under X11R5 you will need to replace the
docviewer program with xdocviewer. Xdocviewer does not support
all the options that the "real" docviewer supports such
as "hypertext" links.
To install "xdocviewer" you will need the following programs.
Perl-4 patchlevel 35
Ghostscript 2.4 or above
GSpreview 2.1 or above or Ghostview 1.3 or above
All of these are available from prep.ai.mit.edu. They are
located in the /pub/gnu directory.
Finally, you need xdocviewer. It is available from the
/contrib directory on host ftp.x.org.
5) What does "NFS write error X" mean?
You can lookup the error codes in /usr/include/sys/errno.h.
Two common NFS error codes are 13 - "permission denied" and 70 -
"stale file handle".
Error code 13 can occur from incorrect /etc/exports entry. Also,
it can occur because someone has changed the /etc/exports
entry to disallow the client after the client has already
been granted permission to perform this operation.
Error code 70 occurs when the file handle on the
NFS server changes for a particular filesystem.
The "file handle" can be changed under the following
circumstances:
A) Installing a new drive in place of an old.
B) Moving a filesystem from one devices to
another.
C) Performing a format, newfs, dump, and restore
cycle. Even if to the same device.
D) Unmounting a file system without remounting it.
E) Unmounting a High Sierra/ISO 9660 CD-ROM and
mounting a different CD.
You can usually get rid of the error by unmounting and
remounting the filesystem in question.
Also, error code 70 can occur when someone removes a file
that a process is actively writing from a NFS client machine.
Under SunOS 4.1, you can run "showfh" to translate the NFS
"file handle" given in the error message into a Unix pathname.
Beware that showfhd does a "find" on your server to get the
filename. "man 2 intro" will give you some more general
information on what error codes could mean.
You will need a patch to get "showfh" to work correctly. The patch
id is 100371 and this patch is required for 4.1, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2.
This patch has been integrated into 4.1.3.
6) How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
system configuration information?
You can use the "devinfo" command to find out genera information
about the hardware attached to your Sun. The "devinfo" command is
only available on desktop SPARCsystems, SPARCengine 1E(although not
in the version used in Auspex systems), or 600MP series server only.
Also, most clones should support devinfo. Any machine that has an
SBus will probably support "devinfo"; any machine that doesn't have an
SBus probably won't support "devinfo".
The "best" command for the job is "sysinfo". Sysinfo is public
domain utility available via "anonymous" ftp on usc.edu in directory
/pub/sysinfo. Sysinfo works on all Sun architectures(inculding Sun-3s)
as well as many other UNIX boxes such as Ultrix, and Next. Also,
it works on SunOS5.x machines.
Note: "wc -l /dev/mem" and "dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null" and
the like will *not* give the correct answer on machines
where physical memory is not contiguous, such as many Suns.
7) Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?
Get the wuarchive ftp daemon. It is available from
wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) in the directory
/packages/wuarchive-ftpd
A version of the wuarchive ftpd daemon that compiles right out
of the box for Solaris2.x machines can be had from
thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) in the /pub/sun-faq directory.
Remember to specify your own paths in the src/pathnames.h file.
The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l"
flag in /etc/inetd.conf:
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l
Also enable syslogd by adding:
daemon.info /var/adm/syslog
to "/etc/syslog.conf".
8) Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?
Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches.
These sites include the following:
ftp.uu.net:/systems/sun/sun-dist/
ftp.EU.net:/sun/fixes/
sunline.epfl.ch:/pub/sun-patches/
ftp.ucs.ubc.ca:/pub/ubc/sun-patches/
thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/SunOS4.1.x.Patches
thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Solaris2.1-patches
thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Solaris2.2-patches
thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Solaris2.3-patches
Note: You should always attempt to find a local site before
using the above.
ftp.uu.net and ftp.EU.net are the "official" distribution points
for SunOS security patches.
Also, you should use "archie" to look for specific patches.
Finally, the Sun User Group (SUG) CD ROM has a collection of Sun
patches.
9) How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
environment?
Sun's original assumption that each user has a permanent machine
allocated to them is not applicable in most environments. Just as
users send mail to 'user' rather than 'user@machine', users want
to browse others user's calendars and do not care or want to know
where the calendar is actually stored.
Here is procedure to accomplish our goal. All calendars
will be stored on a central server. The initial setup
must be done on the server.
A) Have the user login to the calendar host(calhost)
machine.
B) Change everyone's .cm.rc file so that
Calendar.DefaultCal points to user@calhost
calhost can be an hostname alias or an actual
hostname. You may want to use the alias
just in case you change the "calhost" later.
C) Change their Access List and Permissions (under
Edit/Properties) to show user@client with BID (browse,
insert, delete) permissions for any client machine the
user wanted to access their calendar from.
Notes: If you use the scheme you should not NFS mount
/var/spool/calendar on the client machines.
or
You can install the "Proxy OpenWindows Calendar Manager", which
is available via anonymous FTP from thor.ece.uc.edu in
/pub/sun-faq/proxy-cmsd.tar.Z.
or
You can install the "new cm daemon" which allows you to access
several Calendar hosts at once. It implements the "orignal"
rpc.cmsd daemon semantics(unlike proxy-cmsd) and thus all
the features(of CM) will work as documented. You can the source
for this daemon via anonymous FTP from thor.ece.uc.edu as the file
/pub/sun-faq/newcm_d-1.1.tar.Z
As of this writing newcm is being ported to Solaris2.x.
10) Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
and any other manufacturer's equipment(like DEC)?
SunOS has the old BSD 4.2 version of talk. The old talk
uses "machine dependent" byte ordering. Since
DEC has different byte order the two talks can not
communicate(even if you use "otalk" on the DEC
machines).
Also, most vendors have the newer version of
talk from BSD-4.3 and this version is not compatible
with the Sun Version(which is BSD-4.2).
The solution is to get and install the new version
of talk because it uses "network" byte ordering and
it is compatible with most Vendors current talk
implementations.
"New Talk" is available via anonymous ftp from several
sites including thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
/pub/sun-faq/ntalk.tar.Z. Solaris2.x users will need
to compile this in Berkeley compatability mode.
Finally, a progrom called Ytalk can be used with either
"New talk" or "Old talk" and compiles on all versions
of SunOS(Greater than 4.x including 5.x).
Ytalk can be obtained from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
/pub/sun-faq/ytalk-3.0.1.tar.gz
11) How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
Read the man page ftpd(8) in the SunOS 4.x documentation, as
the procedure differs from vanilla BSD and most examples in
system administration books.
The "ls" binary is dynamically linked, requiring you to
duplicate ld.so, libc.so.* and /dev/zero in the ftp area.
The permissions and ownership of the files within the
ftp area are critical to having a secure configuration.
Note: For SunOS versions 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 you will need
to copy /usr/lib/libdl.so.* to the ftp area as well.
You can use a "statically" linked binary from the GNU
fileutils instead of the "dynamically" linked SunOS
version. You can get the GNU fileutils from prep.ai.mit.edu
in the directory /pub/gnu
There is also a statically linked version of ls for Suns
running SunOS 4.1.x, available via anonymous ftp from
thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file /pub/sun-faq/ls.statically-linked
A complete procedure to setup anonymous under SunOS is
available via anonymous ftp to thor.ece.uc.edu. Get
the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.how-to.
There is an _excellent_ script written by Peter N. Lewis
(peter.lewis@info.curtin.edu.au) for setting up anonymous ftp
located on thor.ece.uc.edu, in the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.scrpt
12) How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?
There is a bug in 4.1 rpc.yppasswdd that causes it misinterpret
the command line arguments. A work-around is to add the
"-nosingle" flag (which is the default), this shifts the
arguments over one, so "passwd" is read instead of "-m".
Also, you should use the complete path to rpc.yppasswdd
For example:
/usr/etc/rpc.yppasswdd /var/yp/passwd -nosingle -m passwd DIR=/var/yp
Note: Only use the DIR=/var/yp if your source files for passwd, group,
etc are in /var/yp. If they are in /etc you do not need
to specify DIR=
If you are running the C2 security package, you should apply
the C2 Jumbo patch, as it fixes several problems with rpc.yppasswdd
and rpc.pwdauthd. The patch number is
100201-04 for SunOS 4.1 and 4.1.1
100564-06 for SunOS 4.1.2 and 4.1.3
13) What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?
You are probably running a pre-4.0 version of NFS and your
username is in more than 8 groups. There is a limit on the
number of groups that could be represented in the rpc service
(called NGRPS). On pre-4.0 systems this was 8, now it is 16.
Since many vendors other than Sun are still running old versions
of NFS, you might see this error even if your SunOS is recent.
Authentication errors are also caused by having secure RPC
enabled on the client but not on the server, or by having a
misconfigured secure RPC configuration for the user name
generating the errors. Beware of this problem when you are
using the automounter, as programs (such as Sendmail) may
silently fail when when they try to mount a directory
and get this error.
14) Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?
This the now infamous Quantum drive "stickation" problem.
If the drive is allowed to cool down(even for a short period
of time) the drive lubricant will congeal and prevent the disks
platters from rotating.
Before you get a replacement, try lightly tapping
the drive to loosen the lubricant. If this does not work try
shaking and twisting the drive at the same time. One last
thing to try is to lift the system up a couple of inches
and drop it.
15) Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
model?
The higher capacity drives create more heat and draw more power than
the 105S. The case cooling ability and power supply in the SS-1 and
SS-1+ are not adequate for the 210 megabyte or higher capacity drives
possible in the SS-2.
16) How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?
You can use Seth Robertson's Xkernel package. It is available
via anonymous ftp from ftp.ctr.columbia.edu (128.59.64.40) in
/Xkernel. The package describes how to configure a minimal kernel
that runs the X server and offloads all the clients onto another,
hopefully more powerful host on the network.
As of this writing the current version of Xkernel is 2.0 and
it should work on both SPARC and Sun3 platforms.
Xkernel is attractive to some sites that have a large investment in
sun3 platforms, as moving most of the processing off the sun3
cpu makes it tolerable to use.
Finally, a used 3/50 is competitive with low-end X Terminal and
you get a 19" monitor with an optical mouse.
17) Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?
The problem is /etc/ttytab, with 4.1.3, the console is now
able to display 8 bits characters and getty must take this
into account.
The solution is easy, replace your console entry in /etc/ttytab
by the following, the important part is 'cons8':
console "/usr/etc/getty cons8" sun on local secure
Also, if you did an upgrade(instead of a full install) you may
need to add the following to your /etc/gettytab.
# This is a new entry to internationalize the console. It needs to be
# 8 bit clean so that ISO 8859 characters can be displayed without
# the window system.
#
cons8:\
:p8:lm=\r\n%h login\72 :sp#9600:
18) Why are there "random" missing services at boot time(even
though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?
The three primary causes for "random" missing services are
as follows:
A) "Blank" lines in /etc/services on the YP/NIS Master.
Delete the blank line and remake the services map.
B) NIS/YP server not responding quickly enough
to the "getservbyname" call because each getservbyname
call reads the whole map. One fix is to replace the
systems version of inetd with a version that re-tries the
"unknown" service.
I have "hacked" a version of munetd(public domain
replacement for inetd) to do this. It is available
from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file /pub/sun-faq/munetd.tar.Z
Another solution to this problem is outlined in part C below.
C) Sun's implementation of the services map is incorrect. To
correct this problem you will need to replace some library
routines in libc and rebuild the shared library.
These routines and directions on installing them are
available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
/pub/sun-faq/getservent.tar.Z.
D) Another fix(if you do not want to modify your libc's) is
to just remove the services map from NIS. However,
you will need to update the services file by hand on
all clients. We are running all NIS hosts this way and
it seems to work quite well.
19) Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 8-mm tape drives(at
reasonable price)?
Here is an incomplete list of vendors how have "data certified"
tapes for the exabyte.
Misco 800-876-1726 $12 - 15 each.
TecBridge 800-972-7405 $12 - 15 each.
R-Squared 800-777-3478 Sony 112m 120@8.00 Each
K and K Systems 612-475-1527 $10 Each
SCR 314-739-0808 $10.95 for Memorex
20) What is "archie"?
Archie is a database of what is on several thousand anonymous
ftp sites.
To use archie get one of the three archie clients which
are as follows:
xarchie - For use under X11
c-archie - Curses version of Archie
archie - Perl Version of Archie
Theses are available from archie.ans.net in the directory
/pub/archie.
List of other publicly available archie servers:
archie.rutgers.edu 128.6.18.15 (Rutgers University)
archie.unl.edu 129.93.1.14 (University of Nebraska
in Lincoln)
archie.sura.net 128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server)
archie.ans.net 147.225.1.2 (ANS archie server)
archie.au 139.130.4.6 (Australian server)
archie.funet.fi 128.214.6.100 (European server in Finland)
archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3 (UK/England server)
archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15 (Israel server)
archie.wide.ad.jp 133.4.3.6 (Japanese server)
archie.th-darmstadt.de 130.83.128.111 (German server)
21) How do I synchronize time on my Sun Network?
You should use xntp version 3 to synchronize your time. Xntp
synchronizes to "atomic" and/or Radio Frequency clocks. Using
xntp time should always be within a few "milliseconds" of the
actual time. Xntp does not require a "atomic" clock, any
stable UNIX host clock will do.
xntp is available from udel.edu. Get the file /pub/ntp/xntp3.tar.Z
xntp works with all versions of SunOS(4.x and 5.x).
Note: There is a Mac version of XNTP now available.
22) What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
to Sun Users?
Sun Express: 1-800-USE-SUNX (1-800-873-7869)
Main Sun Helpline: 1-800-USA-4SUN (1-800-872-4786)
Auspex Systems Inc. : 2952 Bunker Hill Lane
Santa Clara, CA 95054
(800) 735-3177 or (408) 492-0900
Fax: (408) 492-0909
23) How do I join sun related mailing lists?
Mailing Lists:
Sun Managers: Used for "emergency" information only. The
users of this list are "very" knowledgable.
sun-managers-request@eecs.nwu.edu add requests
sun-managers@eecs.nwu.edu submissions
Sun-386i: discussion about the Sun 386i product
sun-386i-request@ssg.com add requests
sun-386i@ssg.com submissions
Suns-at-home: discussion about maintaining Sun2/3/4/4c
systems at home
suns-at-home-request@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu add requests
suns-at-home@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu submissions
Auspex: managers of Auspex NFS file servers
auspex-request@princeton.edu add requests
auspex@princeton.edu submissions
Epoch: managers of Epoch NFS file servers
EPoch Users Forum (EPUF)
epuf-request@mcs.anl.gov add requests
epuf@mcs.anl.gov submissions
sun-flash: Provides articles about Sun products
and services.
Subscription request should be sent to
sunflash-request@sunvice.East.Sun.COM
NOTE!!! if you wish to be added to one of the above mailing lists,
send mail to the REQUEST address! Do not send add requests
to the main address!
24) How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
The easiest way is to use suntar on the Macintosh to
copy files to a "high density" floppy. Then you can use
"tar" on the Sun to get the files off the floppy.
It is available from sumex-aim.stanford.edu. Get the file
/info-mac/util/suntar-131.hqx
Also, you could use the Apple File Exchanger to translate
the files to MS-DOS format. Then use one of the methods
for transferring MS-DOS disks to Sun.
Note: There are several commercial packages available for
this purpose.
Also, low density Mac floppies are not comparable with
low density Sun floppies.
25) How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?
There are two packages which allow you to do this(mtools and mntdisk).
Both of these packages use the 3-1/2inch floppy drive available
on most SPARCstations. With the advent of the Volume manager
in Solaris2.2 these programs have been rendered somewhat obsolete.
Mtools writes directly to the floppy device and it does not
require special privileges. It is faster than mntdisk
but it requires the user to learn a new set of commands.
A copy of mtools can be found on thor.ece.uc.edu. Get
the file /pub/sun-faq/mtools-2.0.7.tar.Z
mntdisk "mounts" the floppy using the "pcfs" filesystem type. Once
mounted you can use regular UNIX commands(cp,mv,and rm)
to access it. The pcfs filesystem is quite slow compared
to using mtools above. Mntdisk is available in your local
comp.sources.misc archive, Volume 22, Issues 31-33.
Mntdsk can be used to mount CD-ROMS and even UFS floppies.
Note: You should not use "setuid" shell scripts for
mounting floppies.
26) Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
environment?
In its current form comsat/biff are only usable on the mail
server. You need to replace them network capable programs.
A shar file containing network capable versions of comsat
and biff is available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the
file /pub/sun-faq/biff-comsat.
27) How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?
You need to get one of the many re-mapping programs. Two
of these are available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
disable-L1-A.tar.Z
28) Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?
There is a known problem with sendmail and frozen config
files under 4.1.2.
The fix is to remove /etc/sendmail.fc. Also, You could
try moving it to the end of /etc/rc.local.
However, the best "fix" may be to install the new Berkeley
Sendmail it has a number of enhancements, performance
improvements, and security enhancements.
You can get Berkeley sendmail from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu(128.32.149.78).
Get the following files: /ucb/sendmail/*8*6*4*
/ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z
Also, you will need bind 4.9 and it can be found on
gatekeeper.dec.com(16.1.0.2) in the /pub/BSD/bind/4.9
directory.
Finally, if you do not want to build the Berkeley sendmail for
yourself I will be willing to mail you a copy.
29) What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?
8200 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 6000 filesystem
8500 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 13000 filesystem
Note: Under 4.1.2 and above you should use rst8. Previous
versions did not do anything special for the 8500.
Note: These parameters are not needed for 5.1.x because
it computes these values from the type of Tape Drive
you are using. Also, 5.1.x knows about end of tape
and does the right thing when it reaches it.
30) What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?
In SunOS 4.x the amount of swap space and Virutal memory
are one in the same so you need at least as much swap
as real memory.
In SunOS 5.x the amount of Virutal memory is equal
swap space plus real memory. Under SunOS 5.x you
can actually get away with having no swap space at
all. We are running a SPARCserver 1000 with no swap
and 192-Meg of real memory.
The old rule of thumb is 1.5 to 2 times real memory. This
can lead to wasted disk space(by having too much swap
space) or to not having enough. What you need to do
is to estimate your swap space needs.
Note: This question is still being worked on.
31) What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?
This question is being written.
32) What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?
The CPU serial ports - both ordinary serial ports A and B, and
the port for the keyboard and mouse - use the Zilog Z8530 SCC
chip. That chip has a 3-character on-board buffer called the
"silo". If a character arrives in the silo, the chip interrupts
the CPU at a high priority, and the interrupt service routine
reads the character out of the silo.
If the interrupt isn't serviced in time, more than 3 characters
can be placed in the silo by the chip; if so, the chip notes
that the silo "overflowed", and the interrupt service routine,
when called, will note that a "silo overflow" occurred.
If the machine is printing a message from the kernel, interrupts
from the chip will be held off; if the message takes long enough
to print, and characters are coming in quickly enough on the
serial port, more than 3 can arrive, and a "silo overflow" will
occur.
It is possible that a machine that's sufficiently busy in other
code that runs with interrupts held off could get a silo
overflow as well.
33) What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
signify?
The name "zsN" is ambiguous.
In kernel "config" files, and in the boot-time autoconfig
messages, "zs0" is the first on-board Z8530 chip, the two
channels of which handle "ttya" and "ttyb", respectively, and
"zs1" is the second on-board Z8530 chip, the two channels of
which handle the keyboard and mouse ports, respectively.
In "zsN: silo overflow" messages and the like:
"zs0" is the A channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
"ttya";
"zs1" is the B channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
"ttyb";
"zs2" is the A channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
the keyboard;
"zs3" is the B channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
the mouse.
So a "zs0: silo overflow" error is for "ttya", and a "zs1: silo
overflow" error is for "ttyb", not for the keyboard or mouse.
Keyboard silo overflows are "zs2: silo overflow"; mouse silo
overflows are "zs3: silo overflow".
34) How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?
You need to read Chapter 11 in the "Systems and Network
Administration" manual.
35) I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in. What's wrong?
The 4.1[.x] UUCP normally runs in even-parity mode when logging
into another machine. If the other machine is running in 8
bits, no parity, mode, the fact that the 8th bit is set on some
of the characters the Sun is sending to it will confuse it.
The Sun can be made to turn the 8th bit off by putting P_ZERO in
the appropriate place in the appropriate UUCP configuration file
[I may have been the one to put P_ZERO there, but I forget the
details; it's in the send-expect sequence in the Systems file
entry for the machine, and I think you have an "expect" string
of "" - i.e., "expect nothing" - and a "send" string of P_ZERO -
i.e., make the parity bit zero. Check the UUCP stuff in the
"Systems and Network Administration" document to make sure.]
36) Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?
The serial port hardware can do CTS-based control of the flow of
data *from* the Sun *out* the serial port automatically. The
tty driver option for that is the CRTSCTS option; it can be
specified in:
the "printcap" "ms" capability for a printer;
in the "gettytab" "ms", "m0", "m1", or "m2" capabilities
for a dial-in port;
the "STTY=" option for a dial-out line for UUCP or "cu"
[check the UUCP documentation for details];
and can be specified with the "hf" capability in "/etc/remote"
for "tip".
The hardware cannot directly do RTS-based control of the flow of
data *into* the Sun, and the software does not currently support
controlling the flow of data into the Sun with RTS.
NOTE: the EEPROM options in newer Suns do not affect the flow
control performed by the OS; in fact, the OS ignores the
"ttya-mode", "ttyb-mode", "ttya-rts-dtr-off", and
"ttyb-rts-dtr-off" EEPROM options entirely. You don't need to
set them to change the way the OS handles the tty, and even if
you do set them, it won't change the way the OS handles the tty.
Sun has released a new jumbo tty patch 100513-04 for SunOS 4.1.2
and 4.1.3 that incorporates changes to the tty driver to
support RTS/CTS handshaking. Anyone trying to get RTS/CTS
handshaking to work should get this patch.
37) How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
state of the Carrier Detect line?
Prior to SunOS 4.1, you do so either by:
changing the "flags" field for the serial port device in the
kernel "config" file, re-running "config", rebuilding
the kernel, and rebooting with the new kernel;
or, on the Sun-4c machines:
changing the setting of the "ttya-ignore-cd" or
"ttyb-ignore-cd" EEPROM settings if the port is one of
the CPU serial ports.
In SunOS 4.1 (and, I think, some SunOS 4.0[.x] releases for the
Sun386i), you do so by changing the "/etc/ttytab" line for the
port in question to have the "local" attribute if CD is to be
ignored, or not to have it if CD is not to be ignored, and
running the "ttysoftcar" command to tell the kernel that the
status of the "ignore CD" flag should be changed.
In 4.1, there's no need to change the EEPROM setting to change
SunOS's behavior; it may affect the PROM's behavior, but that's
the only reason why it'd be necessary.
38) I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change. Why?
The "vi" in SunOS 4.1[.x] is based on the System V Release 3.1
"vi", because that version of "vi" supports 8-bit character
sets. That version of "vi" uses "terminfo", not "termcap"; you
have to change the "terminfo" entry for the terminal.
You may first have to convert the compiled "terminfo" entry to a
text entry; "/usr/5bin/infocmp -I <terminal-type>" will write
the text of the "terminfo" entry for the terminal
<terminal-type> to its standard output.
If you already have a "termcap" entry, you can convert it to a
"terminfo" entry with "/usr/5bin/captoinfo".
A text "terminfo" entry must be recompiled in order for programs
using "terminfo" to use it; "/usr/5bin/tic" will recompile it.
39) I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
Control, and Esc keys inconvenient. How do I remedy this?
Well, one remedy may be to buy the "UNIX layout" version of the
Type 5; this option seems, unfortunately, to be little-known to
Sun customers, and Sun may not be promoting it as they should.
That keyboard has a layout much more friendly to the traditional
UNIX user than do the normal PC-style layouts for the Type 5.
If you don't have that option, you can use the appropriate
program to reprogram the keys; see the next question.
40) How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?
It depends on which window system you're running, if any.
If you're not using any window system, or you're using a window
system such as SunView that uses the OS's keyboard event
translation mechanism, you can dump the tables used by the OS's
keyboard event translation mechanism with the "dumpkeys"
command, and load changes to that table with the "loadkeys"
command; see LOADKEYS(1).
If you're using X11 - either in its MIT incarnation, or Sun's
Open Windows incarnation - or some other window system that
shuts off the OS's keyboard event translation mechanism, you
need to use the window system's commands, if any, for that
function.
In X11, the command for that is "xmodmap"; its translation
tables can be printed with "xmodmap -pk", and changes to that
table can be loaded with "xmodmap" as well.
NOTE: in the particular case of the Control and Caps Lock keys,
while MIT X appears to handle interchanging those two keys
correctly, so that the new Caps Lock key is a toggle and the new
Control key is not, some versions of Open Windows do not - even
though the keys have had their mappings exchanged, the window
system server still thinks that the *old* Caps Lock key, which
is now the Control key, should be a toggle, and that the *old*
Control key, which is now the Caps Lock key, should not be a
toggle.
[Here is a work-around for this problem, provided by Mark Plotnick
(mp@allegra.att.COM)]:
Copy the appropriate keytable (e.g. /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt)
to $HOME/.keytable, and change the 2nd attribute character in a key's
attributes field to N or P depending on whether the key should have
"pseudolock".
$ diff /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt /usr/gre/.keytable
78,79c78,79
< lock 119 # CapsLock
< control 76 # Control
---
> lock 76 # CapsLock
> control 119 # Control
226c226
< 76 NN XK_Control_L
---
> 76 NP XK_Caps_Lock
278c278
< 119 NP XK_Caps_Lock
---
> 119 NN XK_Control_L
41) My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler. How can I get one?
SunOS releases prior to 5.x come with a C compiler. However,
it was an old compiler, and it didn't support ANSI C syntax or
ANSI C features.
The SunSoft Catalyst CD #5 contains the binaries for the GNU C
compiler for Solaris 1.x and 2.x. You should get the latest
version of GCC and compile it using this compiler.
Many vendors offer ANSI C compilers for SunOS. Sun sells Sun C
1.1 for SPARC, which includes an ANSI C compiler (although not a
full ANSI C environment, i.e. it doesn't necessarily include all
the ANSI C include files or library routines); various other
vendors (Lucid? Others?) sell ANSI C compilers as well.
The Free Software Foundation's GCC also supports ANSI C syntax
and ANSI C features. It can be FTP'ed in source form from many
sites, and in binary form from some sites.
A compiled version of the latest GCC for SunOS 5.x is avaliable from
prep.ai.mit.edu. The directory containing these files is
/pub/gnu/sparc-sun-solaris2
You need to get the following files:
gzip-binaries-1.x.x.tar
INSTALL.gcc
gcc-binaries-2.x.x.tar.gz
Note: You need the gzip binaries to ungzip the gcc binaries.
After obtaining GCC, you will need to run fixincludes.
The INSTALL.gcc file will tell you how.
Note: The following sites mirror the GNU software distribution
from prep.ai.mit.edu:
ASIA: utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:/ftpsync/prep,
cair.kaist.ac.kr:/pub/gnu
AUSTRALIA: archie.oz.au:/gnu (archie.oz or archie.oz.au for ACSnet)
AFRICA: ftp.sun.ac.za:/pub/gnu
MIDDLE-EAST: ftp.technion.ac.il:/pub/unsupported/gnu
EUROPE: irisa.irisa.fr:/pub/gnu, grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr:pub/gnu,
ftp.mcc.ac.uk, unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/systems/gnu,
src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu, ftp.win.tue.nl, ugle.unit.no,
ftp.denet.dk, ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/gnu,
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de, ftp.eunet.ch,
nic.switch.ch:/mirror/gnu, nic.funet.fi:/pub/gnu,
isy.liu.se, ftp.stacken.kth.se,
ftp.luth.se:/pub/unix/gnu, archive.eu.net
CANADA: ftp.cs.ubc.ca:/mirror2/gnu
USA: wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/gnu, labrea.stanford.edu,
ftp.kpc.com:/pub/mirror/gnu, ftp.cs.widener.edu,
col.hp.com:/mirrors/gnu, ftp.cs.columbia.edu:/archives/gnu/prep,
gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU, ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu
You should check the site close to you before ftping to
prep.
42) How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?
In releases prior to SunOS 4.0, you will have to reconfigure
your kernel, recompile it, install the new kernel, and reboot.
See the documentation on kernel configuration.
In SunOS 4.0 and later releases, you will need to run the "zic"
command with the "-l" flag, with the appropriate time zone
setting as the argument. For example, to set the time zone to
US Eastern Time, do:
zic -l US/Eastern
to set it to the proper setting for Great Britain and Eire, do:
zic -l GB-Eire
and so on.
You will then probably want to reboot your machine, in order to:
1) cause any daemons started before the time zone was
changed to restart, and pick up the new time zone;
2) run "tzsetup" for the benefit of old pre-SunOS 4.0
binaries, old programs not converted to use the new
routines to convert local time to UNIX time, and
Calendar Manager.
You can also manually link "/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/localtime"
to the appropriate time zone file, but there's really no point
in doing so when "zic -l" will do that for you.
In Solaris 2.x, you do it the same way you do it on any other
SVR4 system - you put a line that says
TZ=<time zone name>
in "/etc/TIMEZONE", or change the existing line, and reboot.
SVR4 includes the "Arthur Olson" time zone code that SunOS 4.x
also uses, although not all SVR4 systems supply the time zone
files for it; Solaris 2.0 does.
43) I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
proc: table is full and/or
file: table is full and/or
dquot: table is full and/or
inode: table is full
What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?
In SunOS releases prior to 5.0, many tables in the system are
allocated once at system startup time, with a fixed size, and do
not grow in size. If the system needs more entries than are
present in that table to perform some operation, it can't
perform the operation, and it will log a message and return a
failure indication.
The sizes of the tables in question are based on the "maxusers"
value in the configuration file for your kernel; to increase the
size of the table, change the configuration file for your kernel
to have a larger "maxusers" value, re-run "config" on that file,
rebuild the kernel, install the new kernel, and reboot.
SunOS 4.1 and later shouldn't get "inode: table is full", as
that table is dynamically allocated; SunOS 5.0 should
dynamically allocate entries in most if not all of those tables.
I did that, and I'm still getting that message. What do I do now?
Presumably, then, either:
1) you didn't increase "maxusers" enough
or
2) some process is consuming resources from the table in
question without bound.
Note: SunOS kernels(up to 4.1.3) by default allow the user to use
all available process slots(except for the last 5).
If you are running out of process slots you may want to
change the kernel parameter that controls the maximum number
of per user processes. You can change this in the param.c
in /sys/conf.common. You will need to change the following
define:
#define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)
to something more reansable like
#define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)/2
After making this change you should re-config and re-build
your kernel.
The "proc" table has one entry for every process on the system;
if it's overflowing, some process on the system may be creating
new processes over and over again. If you can, do a "ps -ax" to
see what processes are on the system, and see if that gives any
clues as to what process, if any, is spawning those other
processes.
The "file" table has one entry for every "active file
descriptor" on the system; each time an "open", "dup", "socket",
etc. call is made, a new "active file descriptor" is required.
There's no way of finding out what process or processes are
consuming file descriptors that's as convenient as "ps" can be
for finding out what process or processes are spawning additional
processes; "/usr/etc/pstat -f" will print the "open file table"
of "active file descriptors", but it's tricky for the novice
user, programmer, or administrator to interpret the output of
"pstat -f", and that output doesn't indicate which processes are
using a given "active file descriptor".
44) Blank at present.
45) How do I run both OpenWindows and MIT X11R5?
Note: OW2 is compatible with X11R3+, OW3 is compatible with X11R4.
To get X11R5(or R4) applications to run under Openwindows you will
need to set the appropriate LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Assuming you installed the MIT libraries in
/usr/lib and the OpenWindows libraries are in
/usr/openwin/lib, set the following before you start the
windowing system:
MIT X11R4 environment
set path = (/usr/bin/X11 $path)
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib
OpenWindows
set path = (/usr/openwin/bin /usr/openwin/demo $path)
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib
You can also run clients from one environment under a different
server on a one command at a time basis. This example runs a
OpenWindows client under the MIT server:
(setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib; x_soundtool)
A better way to handle this(in the long run) is to re-compile
the X server clients to include a "hard" coded shared library
search path. You will need to link the clients with -L
option. For example, if your X11 libraries are installed
in /usr/local/lib/X11 you will link your application by
cc -o app app.c -L/usr/local/lib/X11 -lX11 -lXext
By doing this to all applications you can eliminate the need
to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
For applications that you do not have source for you should
write a shell script wrapper similar to the following:
#!/bin/sh
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/X11; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/usr/local/bin/X11/xterm.bin $*
Note: Source code for the Xview toolkit and MIT X11R5 are
available from prep.ai.mit.edu.
The OpenWindows server has the ability to display PostScript that
several of the OpenWindows applications require to run. Sun's
AnswerBook is an example that requires PostScript. These clients
will not run under the MIT server.
You can get a limited PostScript preview capability under
either server with GNU Ghostscript, a GNU "copyleft" package
available from various ftp sites.
Two enhanced versions of Ghostscript are also available,
CSPreview and Ghostview, they both offer fancier preview capabilities.
These programs are currently available via anonymous ftp:
Ghostscript is on prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) in /pub/gnu
GSPreview is on ftp.x.org (18.24.0.12) in /contrib
Ghostview is on prep.ai.mit.edu (128.105.2.196) in /pub/gnu
46) Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?
/usr/lib/rsh is a "restricted" Bourne shell.
This "restricted" shell is easy to break out of; consider
that most editors have a shell scape, for example. Building
a window-dressing restricted environment is easy; building
a real restricted environment is hard.
47) Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?
Yes they will, with some restrictions. The most significant is
that the binary in question must have been "dynamically linked."
Otherwise, you will get the message
Bad system call (core dumped)
immediately when starting the 4.1.x binary on SunOS5.
As of SunOS 5.3 "statically" linked binaries will now run
in binary compatabilty mode.
Finally, bear in mind that there is a performance overhead for
this "binary emulation"; each system call happens twice,
once to trap into the emulation mode and again to get from
there into the UNIX kernel.
48) When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
_get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?
There are problems with the Xmu shared library as shipped from Sun.
There are two "fixes". One is to get the Openwindows patches
that apply to this problem and the other is to "statically" link
the Xmu library into the executable.
The patches you will need are as follows:
Patch i.d. Bug i.d.'s O/S Description
---------- -------------------------------------------------------
100512-02 1086793 1086912 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 libXt
1074766 Jumbo patch
100573-03 1087332 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined
symbols when using shared
libXmu.
To "statically" link your executable with libXmu modify the
compile line as follows:
-Bstatic -lXmu -Bdynamic
49) What is Solaris?
Solaris consists of the following facilities:
1) SunOS
2) Openwindows
3) Openwindows deskset tools
4) ONC networking products and services(which includes NFS
and NIS)
Solaris is not an operating system but a "complete" user
environment.
A chart of Solaris versions, and the corresponding SunOS, Open
Windows, and DeskSet versions:
Solaris SunOS Open Windows DeskSet
1.0 4.1.1 2.0 2.0
1.0.1 4.1.2 2.0 2.0
1.1 4.1.3 3.0 3.0
2.0 5.0 3.0.1 3.0.1
2.1 5.1 3.1 3.1
2.2 5.2 3.2 3.2
50) What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?
This message is generating by Sun's resolver libraries and
it is caused by incorrectly configured Domain Name
Server(the server that the resolver libraries are querying
not necessarly the local Domain Name Server).
The Domain Name Server probably lacks a reverse map entry for
that particular host.
Since this "bug" is closely associated with using ypserv,
Sun has produced a patch to "ypserv" (bug #1039839).
Sun supplied a patch 100141-01 to quiet it, but the
patched version appears to die silently at random times,
so Sun now has a new patch, 100141-02. Do not install this
patch unless you are really getting a lot of these messages.
51) How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
how do I repair it?
One of the LEDs on the under side of the mouse has probably
"burnt" out.
You can probably repair it yourself(if you can get a replacement
LED and you know how to use a Soldering Iron) by following
a set of directions available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the
file /pub/sun-faq/mouse.fix.
Finally, you should try turning your mouse pad 90 degrees and
see if that corrects the problem.
Note: Also, you may have one of the bad mice that came with
early SS-1 shipments. The LED on the underside of the
mouse can fail. Request a replacement from Sun.
52) After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose, mbstowcs_xccs,
mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.
If you have just installed a new shared library under 4.1.2 or
greater you need to modify the Makefile for the shared libraries
and re-install. You will need to change the following line
ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp`
to read
ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp` -ldl
Note: You should change both such lines.
Also, you may need to do a mv xccs.multibyte. xccs.multibyte.o
to eliminate the mbstowcs_xccs, mbtowc_xccs, wcstombs_xccs,
or wctomb_xccs symbols errors.
The above can occur under SunOS 4.1.1 if you have installed
the "Linker Jumbo Patch"(Patch id# 100257-03 or greater).
53) What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
Solaris 2.0?
Your SunOS 4.x(or above) machines are running an old version
of rpc.lockd. You need to get and install patch number
100075-11 or greater to correct this problem.
54) Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?
Sun does not support password aging under NIS(OS version
to 4.1.3). The rpc.yppasswdd needs to modified to make
password aging work.
Password aging will only work under SunOS 5.3(Solaris2.3)
with NIS+.
55) What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?
For some reason rpc.lockd can not talk to rpc.statd.
Check to see if rpc.statd is running. If rpc.statd
is not running re-start it. If rpc.statd is running,
kill it and restart it.
To get rpc.statd to re-start you may need to
remove the /etc/sm and /etc/sm.bak directories.
56) How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?
Here is the information on joining SUG.
Sun User Group, Inc.
1330 Beacon Street, Suite 315
Brookline, MA 02146
USA
voice: +1 617 232-0514 fax: +1 617 232-1347
office@sug.org
With your membership you get the following:
* Vendor Discounts
* Technical Conferences
* Software Distribution
* README Newsletter
* Annual Exhibits
* Local User Group Support
* Newsgroup comp.org.sug
57) How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?
For SunOS4.1.x:
To add more ptys you must install a new kernel.
The default number of "ptys" is 48. To get more "ptys"
change the kernel config line "pseudo-device pty" to
"pseudo-device pty#" where '#" is the number of "ptys"
you want.
Be warned the maximum number you can have is 256.
You will need to run /dev/MAKEDEV pty[0-5] to create
/dev/ entries.
For SunOS5.x:
In /etc/system, add the line:
set pt_cnt=nnn -- nnn can have a value up to 255.
touch /reconfigure
and reboot using 'init 6'.
For BSD style ptys set npty in /etc/system to the desired
value(ie set npty=64). You may need to make the ptys by
hand and you will need to make likes from /dev to /devices for
these devices. Finally, you will need to edit /etc/iu.ap to
automatically push the appropriate streams compatibility modules
onto the new devices. You need to replace the line reading
"ptsl 0 15 ldterm ttcompat"
with
"ptsl 0 <NUM> ldterm ttcompat"
where <NUM> was one less than the number of compatibility ptys you
need.
58) Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?
dump is now called /usr/sbin/ufsdump
restore is now called /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
59) How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?
You need to patch the /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm and
$OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm files as described in sun
patch 100713-01 or later.
60) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
under Openwindows 3.0?
Don't do it with xmodmap, since that won't change the locking
behaviour of CAPS LOCK. Edit $OPENWINHOME/etc/keytables/US5.kt.
There are two places where keys 119 (CapsLock) and 76 (Control)
should be swapped: the MODMAP section and the KEYSYMMAP section.
The latter is most important, because that's where the
"Pseudo-Lock" function (which controls the locking behaviour of
the key) is defined.
61) Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?
Sun2: SunOS 4.0.3 or earlier.
Sun386i: SunOS 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 only.
Sun3: SunOS 4.1.1_U1 or earlier.
4/100, 4/200 series: SunOS 3.2, SunOS 4.0 or later.
4/300 series: SunOS 4.0.3 or later.
4/400 series: SunOS 4.1PSR_A or later.
600 models 120, 140: SunOS 4.1.2 or later.
600 model 41, 51: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
600 models 412, 512, 514: SunOS 5.1 or later.
SPARCstation 1, 1+, SLC, IPC: SunOS 4.0.3c or later.
SPARCstation 2, ELC, IPX: SunOS 4.1.1 or later.
SPARCstation 10 models 20, 30, 41: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
SPARCstation 10 models 52, 54: SunOS 5.1 or later.
SPARCclassic, SPARCstation LX: SunOS 4.1.3C or SunOS 5.1 or later.
SPARCserver 1000, SPARCcenter 2000: SunOS 5.2 or later
To be able to run 4.1.3 on the SPARCclassic you need to get
SunOS 4.1.3 rev C from Sun.
Note: the final SunOS version for 4.1.3 is 4.1.3_U1 or Solaris1.1.1
and supports the Classic and LX as well.
SuperSPARC multi-processor machines are not supported in SunOS 4.1.x.
You will need SunOS 5.1 or later.
SunOS 5.0 only runs on SS1,1+,2,SLC,IPC,ELC,IPX.
SunOS 5.1 runs on all Sun4s and SPARCstations, but the FPU's on
the 4/100 and 4/200 series machines are disabled.
62) My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?
The problem produces output like the following:
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Wed Jan 6 08:50:01 1993
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
DUMP: Dumping /dev/rsd0a (/) to /dev/nrst8 on host foo
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 8232 blocks (4.02MB) on 0.00 tape(s).
DUMP: Protocol to remote tape server botched (in rmtgets).
rdump: Lost connection to remote host.
DUMP: Bad return code from dump: 1
This occurs when something in .cshrc on the remote machine prints
something to stdout or stderr (eg. stty, echo). The rdump command
doesn't expect this, and chokes. Other commands which use the rsh
protocol (eg. rdist, rtar) may also be affected.
The way to get around this is to add the following line near the
beginning of .cshrc, before any command that might send something
to stdout or stderr:
if ( ! $?prompt ) exit
This causes .cshrc to exit when prompt isn't set, which
distinguishes between remote commands (eg. rdump, rsh) where these
variables are not set, and interactive sessions (eg. rlogin) where
they are.
63) Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
SunOS 4.x SunOS 5.x
Command Equivalent
add_services pkgadd
arch uname -m
Note: This returns the kernel architecture.
bar Not available. Use
cpio -H bar to retrieve
4.x archives.
biff -y chmod o+x /dev/tty
biff -n chmod o-x /dev/tty
cc Not available
dbxtool debugger
devinfo prtconf
df df -k
dkctl Not available
dkinfo prtvtoc
du du -k
dump /usr/sbin/ufsdump
dumpfs Not available
etherfind snoop
exportfs share
extract_files Not available
extract_patch Not available
extract_unbundled pkgadd
fastboot reboot or init 6
fasthalt init O
hostid sysdef -h
hostname uname -n
intr Not available
leave Use cron and at
lint Not available
load pkgadd
loadc pkgadd
load_package Not available
lpc lpadmin
lpd lpsched
lpq lpstat
lpr lp
lprm cancel
lptest Not available
mach uname -p
modstat modinfo
mount mount -F <fstype> [options]
mountall mount -a
mount_tfs mount -F <fstype>
pax cpio
paxcpio cpio
portmap rpcbind
printenv env
ps -a ps -e
ps -aux ps -el
Note: when ps is invoked without the "-f" flag, the SV
"ps" prints only the first N characters of the name
of the program being run. You have to pass the "-f"
flag to get the full command line. For example, try
ps -fe.
pstat sar
pstat -s swap -s
rdump /usr/sbin/ufsdump
restore /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
rm_client admintool
rm_services Not available
rpc.etherd Not available
rpc.lockd /usr/lib/nfs/lockd
rpc.mountd /usr/lib/nfs/mountd
rpc.rexd /usr/sbin/rpc.rexd
rpc.rquotad /usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
rpc.showfhd Not available
rpc.statd /usr/lib/nfs/statd
rpc.user_agentd Not available
rpc.yppasswdd Not available
rpc.ypupdated ypupdated
rrestore /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
rusage Not available
showmount dfmounts
swapon swap -a
sys-config admintool
umount -a umountall
umount_tfs umount -F <fstype>
unload pkgrm
update fsflush
uptime who -b
users who -q
vipw Not available
wall /usr/sbin/wall
whereis Not available
whoami id
ypbatchupd Not available
yppasswd Use nispasswd for NIS+
ypserv Not available
Notes: A NIS server is no longer available under Solaris2.x.
Under Solaris 2.x look in the /usr/sbin and /usr/lib/nfs
for useful programs and commands. Finally, some of
missing commands are in the BSD Compatibility package.
64) How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?
The "Setting up DNS clients" chapter of that manual is egregiously
out of date. Yes, there's a bug filed against it.
The correct procedure is the following:
Create a /etc/resolv.conf file.
Change /etc/nsswitch.conf; it's probably easiest
to start with the sample file "/etc/nsswitch.files" and change
the entry for "hosts" to the following:
hosts: files dns
Processes that have already read /etc/nsswitch.conf won't see your
changes until they're restarted. If you care, the crude but effective
approach is to reboot.
65) Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?
No it won't run 4.1.3. However, Sun will provide you with
a copy Solaris1.1C(4.1.3C) which will allow you to run
"4.1.3" on a LX or Classic..
The cost is around $125 for the media and $100 for the RTU
license.
4.1.3C will be available sometime in August of 1993.
Note: The last release of SunOS 4.1.x(SunOS 4.1.3_U1 or Solaris1.1.1)
will run on all SunOS 4.1.x supported machines including
the Classic and LX. See question 61 for more details.
66) I just restored my root partation and now I can not boot. What
is wrong?
You probably need to run installboot. Something like this
should work.
cd /usr/mdec
./installboot -vlt /boot bootsd /dev/rsd0a
67) How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?
Under 4.1 and above(does not include SunOS 5.x),
you can do this by using one of the following methods:
adb -k -w /vmunix /dev/mem
ip_forwarding?
_ip_forwarding:
_ip_forwarding: 0 = unimp 0x0
ip_forwarding/w -1 <- changes in running kernel only!
ip_forwarding?w -1 <- changes running kernel and disk image
or
In your kernel configuration file, insert the following line:
options "IPFORWARDING=-1"
Note: The above example disables packet forwarding.
Here is a list of IP forwarding options
(from /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c)
ip_forwarding = -1 -- never forward; never change this value.
ip_forwarding = 0 -- don't forward; set this value to 1
when two interfaces are up.
ip_forwarding = 1 -- always forward.
68) How do I disable the printing of banners pages?
Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:
Put :sh: in the /etc/printcap entry
for that printer.
For SPARCprinters you will need to edit the .param for that
printer. Under SunOS4.x you this file is located in the spool
directory for that particular printer. Under SunOS5.x
it is located under /etc/lp/printers/PRINTERNAME.
Change the line BANNERPS=${DEFBANNER}; export BANNERPS
to
BANNERPS=; export BANNERPS
Also, you may want to turn off Job Log printing. You can do
this by changing the line PRINTJOBLOG=yes; export PRINTJOBLOG
to
PRINTJOBLOG=no; export PRINTJOBLOG
If you want to disable the banner pages permanently you
will need to perform the following steps:
1. cd /usr/lib/lp/model
2. cp standard standard-nobanner
3. Use your favorite editor to edit standard-nobanner.
Change line 332 from:
nobanner="no"
to:
nobanner="yes"
4. lpadmin -p PRINTERNAME -m standard-nobanner
For a large network you can make this easier by copying a
custom interface script at install time and doing the appropriate
lpadmin command.
69) How do I change my hostname?
Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:
Edit you /etc/hosts file and change your
local hostname. To avoid problems during
the transistion you may want to add this
as an hostname alias.
If you are running NIS you should change the
/etc/hosts file on the master too.
Change the hostname in /etc/hostname.xxx.
Where xxx is the interface you want to change
the address on.
Under SunOS 5.x you need to the above plus
change /etc/nodename.
Note: /etc/hostname.xxx should use the short
name under SunOS 5.x or you will
get warning messages when booting.
70) Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
SunOS 4.x file SunOS 5.x file
/etc/fstab /etc/vfstab
/etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/printcap None
/etc/fbtab /etc/logindevperm -- available in SunOS 5.3
/etc/rc.local /etc/rc3.d/S99local -- See note 1.
Note 1: Here is a template file for /etc/rc3.d/S99local.
#!/bin/sh
state=$1
case $state in
# Any applications or daemons you want to start.
'start')
echo "starting local apps"
;;
# Any applications or daemons that need to be shutdown gracefully.
'stop')
echo "Stopping local apps"
;;
esac
You may need to put the "kill" script in /etc/rc2.d/K99local but it
is not really required.
71) Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?
You can get lpr-sol2.tar.gz or lpr-sol2.tar.Z
from the following sites:
sunok-wks.acs.ohio-state.edu:/pub/solaris2/src/lpr-sol2.tar.gz
atlas.ce.washington.edu:/pub/lpr-sol2.tar.Z
solomon.technet.sg:/pub/uploads/unix/lpr-sol2.tar.gz
72) Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?
You can either run the 4.1.x screenblank in compatabilty
mode or you can compile you own from sources available
on thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file /pub/sun-faq/screenblank_21dec93.tar.Z.
73) Is there a command to display the configuration of
currentily attached SCSI devices?
SCSIinfo will do this. Get scsiinfo-2.0.shar from thor.ece.uc.edu
in the /pub/sun-faq directory.
Get scsiping from the same place as above.
74)+ My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?
Put the following line in your /etc/printcap file
for the printer that has the problem.
:mx#0:
This basically allows for unlimited sizes of print jobs.
Of course you are still limited by your amount of
spool space.
If you do not have access to /etc/printcap you can
use the -s switch to lpr to use a "symlink" of the
file instead of copying the "real" file to the spool
directory.
75)+ I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
or slip/ppp link. What do I do? or
Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
The usaully cause for this(at least for SunOS4.x) is not
having udp checksumming turned on.
You can turn it at boot and while the machine is running
by using the following adb script:
#!/bin/sh
adb -w -k /vmunix /dev/mem << EOF
udp_cksum?W1
udp_cksum/W1
EOF
Install or call this script from rc.local.
Or edit /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c and change the
udp_cksum line (near the end from udp_cksum = 0 to udp_cksum =1
and reconfigure your kernel and reboot)
Note: udp checksumming is turned on by default under SunOS5.x.
76)+ Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
See the answer to question 75.
77)+ Is there a mailing list for Wabi?
No. Currentily, Sun has 2 E-mail addresses that
you can get information about Wabi and the Windows
Apps that Wabi supports. These addresses are as follows:
wabi1.0-questions@east.sun.com - FAQ List
wabi1.0-apps@east.sun.com - Application List