205 lines
9.8 KiB
Plaintext
205 lines
9.8 KiB
Plaintext
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______________________________________________________________________________
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| File Name : H2OGAS.ASC | Online Date : 11/25/95 |
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| Contributed by : Mike Randall | Dir Category : ENERGY |
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| From : KeelyNet BBS | DataLine : (214) 324-3501 |
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| KeelyNet * PO BOX 870716 * Mesquite, Texas * USA * 75187 |
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| A FREE Alternative Sciences BBS sponsored by Vanguard Sciences |
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| InterNet email keelynet@ix.netcom.com (Jerry Decker) |
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| Files also available at Bill Beaty's http://www.eskimo.com/~billb |
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|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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There are three files from Mike which are all related. They are listed on
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KeelyNet as : H2OGAS.ASC - this file
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WATERGAS.ASC - another version
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WATGAS1.GIF - circuit diagram for your own experiments
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Michael Randall, Energy Researcher
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2nd Judicial District
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c/o PO Box 1028
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Sierra Madre, California
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U.S.A.
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November 2, 1995
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Subject Title:
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Water Electrolysis with Unique Features.
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Subject Experiment:
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Enclosed are my observations on an electrolyzer design based on George
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Wiseman's book "Brown's Gas, Book 1", see Reference 1, that I have been
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working on for the past two months.
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Due to the general lack of information in the field of the generating and uses
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of this mon-atomic stoichiometric gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. I
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observed the need for writing this report and to inform other researchers the
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verification of some of its unique features even though still in the
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experimentation stage.
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Summary:
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Verification of the following unique water electrolysis features of experiment
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to Date 10/15/95:
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1. Large volumes of gas produced at little power input.
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2. No heating of electrolytic cell.
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The third unique feature, the analyzing of the gas and its ignition into a
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flame, have not been tested as yet. See Ref. 1 for a good description of this
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gas called Brown's Gas, in honor of Yull Brown. Yull Brown did most of the
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pioneering work to show that this stoichiometric gas mixture is a safe gas
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with many unique properties.
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Brief Description:
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A testbed electrolytic cell of electrodes connected in parallel is used to try
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two different power supply designs. The cell is without a membrane to
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separate the anode and cathode and the gases are freely mixed. This mixed gas
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has unique features.
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The electrodes are given DC pulses at 120 pulses/sec. from standard wall plug
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AC electricity (60 hz USA) that was fullwave rectified. This electrolysis
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also has unique features.
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A complete electrolyzer design and procedure are given in Ref. 1 and will not
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be repeated in this paper.
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Observations on Electrolytic Cell:
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The purpose of this exercise was to reproduce an electrolyzer as described in
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Ref. 1 and observe what happened.
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Tried two different power sources to the same electrolytic cell, of parallel
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spaced plates, (22) stainless steel (1"X 4"X 1/16" thick at 1/8" min. spacing)
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electrodes, connected in parallel. Power source (A) Capacitor Power Design
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(as described in Ref. 1), and (B) a Variable Transformer Design.
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The electrolytic cell voltage was between 1.75 to 2.2 volts DC and was
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dependent on amount electrolyte (NaOH) used. The more electrolyte used the
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less voltage required for electrolysis. The surface area of the cathode
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determined the current amps flowing through the cell between 1 amp. per sq.
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inch to 1 amp per 4 sq.in. The more area the more efficient the current
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flowed.
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One design goal was to keep the electrode voltage below 2.2 VDC (above which
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di-atomic bonding could occur which would lower gas volume efficiency and also
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cause heating of the electrolyzer). This was easily achieved in this design.
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The spacing between plates needed to have room for the gas bubbles to rise to
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the surface otherwise it would increase resistance by blocking the
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electrolyte. The gases also need surface area to escape from, so a shallow
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depth and wide cell design is preferable to a tall skinny cell design.
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Verification of Feature 1:
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A) Capacitor Power Design: The electrolytic cell current, of pulsing DC
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current (120 pulses per sec.), was dependent on capacitor size used. At
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each 24 mf AC capacitor, 1 amp flowed thru the electrolyte to the
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plates. Used three 24 mf AC capacito rs in parallel or a total of 72 mf
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AC capacitors, and got three amps to flow. Could not find larger AC
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capacitors so this power design observation was limited to 3 amps.
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B) Variable Transformer Power Design: Used a Variac, variable transformer
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(140 VAC, 15 amp.), without capacitors, to a 300 VAC, 25 amp. full wave
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bridge rectifier. With the power available at the wall electrical
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outlet plug, got 15 amps of pulsing DC current (120 pulses per sec.)
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flowing to the electrodes. The Variac was adjusted (2.75 to 3.5 VAC) so
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as to provide out of the bridge rectifier, 1.75 VDC to 2.2 VDC across
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the electrodes. Could not test over 15 amps due to wall plug electrical
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circuit breaker rated at 15 amps. Again, the cell voltage was dependent
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on the amount of electrolyte used and current dependent on surface area
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of cathode electrodes.
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In both power designs, observed the electrolyzer gases evolving from stainless
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steel electrode plates through the clear polyethylene (PE) container. In one
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set of plates, 75% of the gases formed at the edges of the plates. Electrons
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liked to flow to edges and sharp pointed surfaces. So then made groove cuts
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in a crosshatched pattern on flat surfaces of electrodes and found that lots
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more gases were created for the same electrode plate area. The gases
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generated in the cell came in steady pulses of bubbles as observed in the
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flashback container.
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By visual observation estimate, the gas volume from the electrolytic cell
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through the flashback (PE) container were as follows:
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A) Capacitor design at 3 amps:
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- sized each bubble at 1/2" to 3/4" cubic inch (CI)
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- counted a gas bubble every 5 to 7 seconds
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B) Variable transformer design at 15 amps:
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- sized each bubble, 3/4" to 1" (CI)
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- counted a gas bubble every 1 to 3 sec.
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Gas Volume Calculation for (B) Design:
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2.2 VDC cell voltage X 15 amps= 33 watts per hr.
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3/4 CI per 3 sec X 20 per min. X 60 min.= 900 CI per hr.
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= 14.7 liters/hr.
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Conventional electrolyzer:
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16.8 liters per Faraday (26.8 amp/hr.)
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2.2 VDC X 26.8 amps = 58.96 watts per hr.
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at 33 watts = 9.4 liters/hr.
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Gas Volume Efficiency: 156.8% in worst case,
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2.2 VDC and a 3/4 CI bubble very 3 sec.
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For a detailed explanation of the above calculation see Ref. 1.
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Verification of Feature 2:
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In both power designs no heat increase of the electrolyzer unit was felt for
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voltage under 2.2 VDC. The electrolytic cell was running for over a thirty
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minute period with no heat being generated either in the fluid or electrodes.
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Future Verification 3:
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With ignition of the pure electrolytic gases a flame is created that has
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unique properties, such as an open air flame temperature of 127 to 132 C, to
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over 6000 C when welding certain materials (see Ref. 1). The gas output of
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this design can be used as a small gas welder as described in Ref. 1.
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Have not yet made containers vacuum tight, for the electrolytic cell or
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flashback container, to evacuate the air out of these containers. If air is
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present in these containers and mixed with the electrolyzer gases generated,
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then ignition of this combination causes an explosion. Verified this in the
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flashback container. This is also how you run a car engine with this gas
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(future work).
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Conclusion:
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Observed more gas was generated than would have been with conventional water
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electrolyzer design. This would mean that a portion of the gas was atomic
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moles, which is twice the volume of di-atomic moles for the same amount of
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water electrolyzed. Also no heat was generated in the electrolyzer which
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means that it was an endothermic (energy added) reaction only. Conventional
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electrolyzers get hot due to the forming of di-atomic bonds into H2 and O2
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which is an exothermic reaction and releases large amounts of heat.
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The more current flowing the more gas was generated and the lower the voltage
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the less power used and therefore the higher the efficiency. The more edges
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and cut groove cross hatches on the electrodes plate surface the more gas was
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generated.
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To increase the design for more gas, series connected electrolyzer cells would
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be more practical with low current and high voltage like the typical building
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wall plug electrical circuit.
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At 15 amps and 125 VAC (2.1 VDC X 60 cells = 125 VDC), that is bridge
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rectified to DC, a series connected cell design can be plugged right into the
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wall without a transformer. This would have maximum power input of 1,875
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watts. And for even higher gas generation, 220 VAC could be used with 110
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separate electrolyzer cells in series.
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Questions and Theory:
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Why the atoms do not recombined to form di-atomic atoms while still in the
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electrolyzer is unknown due to the lack of research. One theory is it could
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be due to the DC pulsing action (120 pulses/sec.) of the full wave bridge
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rectifier of the 60 hertz AC waveform to the electrodes. There could even be
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a "best pulse rate", and this is an area still to be explored.
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Reference:
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1) "Brown's Gas, Book 1", by George Wiseman. Published by Eagle Research,
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Box 145, Eastport, ID 83826 USA.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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