1093 lines
52 KiB
Plaintext
1093 lines
52 KiB
Plaintext
![]() |
Volume 3, Number 31 18 August 1986
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| / \ |
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| /|oo \ |
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| - FidoNews - (_| /_) |
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| _`@/_ \ _ |
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| International | | \ \\ |
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| FidoNet Association | (*) | \ )) |
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| Newsletter ______ |__U__| / \// |
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| / FIDO \ _//|| _\ / |
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| (________) (_/(_|(____/ |
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| (jm) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------+
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Editor in Chief: Thom Henderson
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Chief Procrastinator Emeritus: Tom Jennings
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FidoNews is the official newsletter of the International FidoNet
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Association, and is published weekly by SEAdog Leader, node 1/1.
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You are encouraged to submit articles for publication in
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FidoNews. Article submission standards are contained in the file
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FNEWSART.DOC, available from node 1/1.
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Copyright (C) 1986, by the International FidoNet Association.
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All rights reserved. Duplication and/or distribution permitted
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for noncommercial purposes only. For use in other circumstances,
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please contact IFNA.
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The contents of the articles contained here are not our
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responsibility, nor do we necessarily agree with them.
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Everything here is subject to debate.
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Table of Contents
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1. ARTICLES
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Free publicity for your BBS!
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USR Does It Again
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Yet Another Article on Shareware
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ALS...It Ain't Just Sex
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New Alternate Lifestyles Fido
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2. COLUMNS
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Running 8-bit CP/M software under MSDOS =is= possible
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Computer Industry Spotlight
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3. WANTED
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FidoNet information needed!
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4. FOR SALE
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Get Your Baud in Shape with BDawg
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DataCare Hard Disk Utility
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Entertainment Software for your PC!
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Public Domain Software Library Sale!!
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RAINBOW FREEWARE Published
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5. NOTICES
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The Interrupt Stack
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Fidonews Page 2 18 Aug 1986
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Need a node in Gainsville, Fla!
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Fidonews Page 3 18 Aug 1986
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=================================================================
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ARTICLES
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=================================================================
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TAKE A BYTE OF "NEWTON'S APPLE"
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WITH FREEWARE FROM DU PONT
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NEWTON'S APPLE, the upbeat popular PBS science series, enters the
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computer age in October with the introduction of NEWTON'S APPLE
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FREEWARE FROM DU PONT. Produced by KTCA-TV in Minneapolis/St.
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Paul, and made possible by a grant from the Du Pont Company, the
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award-winning series begins its fourth season this fall.
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For the past three years, NEWTON'S APPLE viewers at home and in
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the classroom have enjoyed the fun and fascination of scientific
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discovery. Now viewers can take discovery one step further with
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free software made possible by a grant from Du Pont.
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The NEWTON'S APPLE FREEWARE package will consist of five Apple
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compatible programs that will each treat one of the scientific
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principles covered in the series. For example, as NEWTON'S APPLE
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host Ira Flatow relates the laws of probability to the workings
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of a slot machine, a companion software program brings the lesson
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to viewers' fingertips. Through computer simulations of coin
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flipping, dice throwing and slot machine playing, the user learns
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why gambling doesn't always pay. Additional software will be
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based on such program segment themes as mirrors, hypothermia,
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inertia and a season quiz.
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NEWTON'S APPLE has been endorsed by the National Education
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Association and has received awards for both the series and its
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educational materials from Action for Childrens Television and
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the National Broadcast Promotion Association.
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NEWTON'S APPLE FREEWARE FROM DU PONT will be made available at no
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cost to viewers. The software will be available on Compuserve
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through the Apple Forum and on The Source through the Apple
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Special Interest Group (SIG) and EdLine. The software will also
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be distributed via a nationwide network of local computer user
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groups and bulletin boards, from which users (whether school
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systems or individuals) will be able to either download or send
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for the programs.
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FIDO bulletin boards are ideal for this kind of network, and we
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are happy to offer NEWTON'S APPLE FREEWARE FROM DU PONT to all
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interested sysops. If your bulletin board would like to offer
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this software, please contact Thom Henderson at node 107/7 so
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that he can send me a list of interested sysops. We would be
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happy to let you preview the software when it becomes available
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later this summer. We would also include the name of your
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bulletin board in all press releases sent to your area.
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I look forward to hearing from you.
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Gregory M. Cooke
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Fidonews Page 4 18 Aug 1986
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Senior Associate
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Stone/Hallinan Associates
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441 Lexington Avenue
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New York, NY 10023
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(212) 557-8400
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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Fidonews Page 5 18 Aug 1986
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Tim Sullivan, 108/62
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Thanks USR!
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Monday July 28, 1986 my U.S. Robotics Courier 2400 modem began to
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act very odd; by Tuesday it decided not to act at all. After
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eliminating all other possible causes I determined that the fault
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must have been with the modem.
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First thing Wednesday morning I dialed USR's tech support number:
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(800) 982-5151. After giving the technician only my modem's
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serial number he said, "What can I do to help Mr. Sullivan".
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Within moments we determined that there was a physical problem
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with the modem. We made arrangements to have a new PC board
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shipped direct to me overnight.
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Thursday morning UPS arrived with the new PC board and after a
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quick replacement I was up and running again.
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I have dealt with many mail-order shops, local computer stores,
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dealers, and computer manufacturers, and I have never seen
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anything that can compare with the accuracy of USR's customer
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infomation, quality of their product, and promptness of their
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customer support.
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So, THANKS USR for a job well done!
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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Fidonews Page 6 18 Aug 1986
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Mark J. Welch, 161/459
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Does Shareware work?
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"It depends." Mostly, it depends on what type of product it is,
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what audience it's aimed at, how often you update it, and, rarely
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on what the price is.
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Many authors, with Jim Button being one of the most visible
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examples, have switched from "Shareware" to "Demo-ware," in which
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they include a subset of the manual or a crippled version of the
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program, forcing you to upgrade in order to use the product's
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full feature set. I think that sucks, but it's also inevitable.
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Demo-ware deprives the user of the chance to test-drive the
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product completely. It's like getting to test drive a car, but
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only for ten feet inside the dealer showroom. You can tell if it
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moves, and you can see what color paint it has, but you have no
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idea how it's going to perform on the freeway.
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Other companies have abandoned Shareware entirely. Take a look at
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the August 25 InfoWorld. PC-Index, praised by Jerry Pournelle in
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BYTE, was withdrawn from Shareware, because only three people
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paid for it. PC-Outline was sold to Brown Bag Software, and is
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now available only as a commercial product. (Brown Bag also
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sells PC-Write under its own name, in what I think is a bizarre
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but quite acceptable compromise: offer the program both as
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Shareware and commercially, and see what happens.)
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A good compromise is Chi-Write, which gives you a fully
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functional program but flashes an advertising appeal for money
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every once in a while. You also have to pay for the product if
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you want support for certain displays and printers. That's fair:
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it gives you a chance to use all the features, but doesn't really
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let you get away with using the package forever for free.
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Does Shareware ever work? Ask Bob Wallace (of Quicksoft, author
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of PC-Write). He has one of the best word processors on the
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market, and he gives the whole product and the whole manual
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(except the index) on disk, and he makes genuine product
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enhancements every six months or so. For him, Shareware sure
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ought to work. People use the product every day, corporations use
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it, and they can measure how much the program is worth by looking
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at comparable commercial packages. Bob makes money. Lots of it.
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Quicksoft also offers support to registered users, and for your
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$75 (the price was scheduled to rise soon), you get the manual,
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the program on disk, and business-reply postcards good for two
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disk updates. And you get a newsletter a couple or four times a
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year, notifying you of updates and such. Quicksoft is the best
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example I could point to.
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Then, on the other extreme, there's PC-Talk, the original
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Fidonews Page 7 18 Aug 1986
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Shareware program, written by the late Andrew Fluegelman, and Red
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Ryder, from Scott Watson. In both cases, I have talked to people
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who sent in their $35 and got absolutely nothing. Not even an
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eighteen-cent postcard saying "thanks." I've heard that the
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situation has improved, but the bad reputation will certainly
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last, and will hurt other shareware authors.
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I hate to upset our Humble Editor, but Systems Enhancement
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Associates took my money ($50) and sent me a disk and a
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photocopied manual, but I never got a notice of the new version.
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I just found it one day on a local BBS. [Thank Ghu the version I
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found wasn't 5.13...] Let's be fair, too: despite the fact that
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every sysop and BBS user [yes, you!] in the country uses ARC
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regularly, very few people have sent checks to Thom and Andrew.
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Maybe that explains why SEAdog, the Fido-compatible electronic
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mail system, isn't Shareware.
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I guess human nature dictates that more often than not, Shareware
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won't work. If I can get something for free, I'm not likely to
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pay for it just to make me feel good. I already have the program
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for free; I want something more for my $35, and in Shareware that
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means update notices, upgrades, or at least a thank you that
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shows that the shareware author has warm, fuzzy feelings.
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Shareware doesn't work for games.
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The Generic Adventure Game System (GAGS) has done moderately well
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-- I've taken in about $3,000 total, in twelve months, against
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total expenses of about $2,500. My time -- 30 to 40 hours a week
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for six months of development, and maybe 10 hours a week since
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then -- will never be paid for, even at minimum wage. (Alas, I
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collect sales tax from Californians, and take hours to file that
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paperwork; and I'll file an honest tax return and pay taxes on
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that $500 profit as well....)
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Most game authors don't do nearly as well. One author I spoke to
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received no checks for an entertainment program, even though
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after a year he know of a users' group that had sold hundreds of
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copies.
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Obviously, games are low priority. I use PC-Write every day,
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perhaps for 10-20 hours a week. It is a tool, and I value it
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highly. I play Trek 2.3 once a week at best. And I can see the
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value of PC-Write: it helps me make money as a professional
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writer. Trek, on the other hand, is simply fun. We pay $5.50 to
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see a movie, for two hours of entertainment, yet most users will
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never send the $10 Shareware contribution for Trek.
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Yes, I paid for PC-Write, PC-Windows, ARC, and Trek. I have a
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vested interest in paying for my Shareware, of course, since I'm
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a Shareware author.
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I've briefly used dozens of other programs -- the Disk Organizer
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(DOG101A), Fansi-Console, PC-Outline, Instant Recall, and others
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Fidonews Page 8 18 Aug 1986
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-- and not paid for them because, despite their high quality, I
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don't use them. That, of course, is the whole point of Shareware:
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if you use it, pay for it. But if you use it, pay for it. That's
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what they mean when they say "User-Supported Software," which is
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more awkward but also more appropriate.
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If I were doing it all over again, would I release GAGS as
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Shareware?
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Yes. I released GAGS as Shareware because I wanted to be certain
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of success. If I'd sold it to a publisher, in the dismal game
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market of mid-1985, it certainly would have lost money, since it
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would have cost a fortune to create packaging, print manuals, and
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so on. By distributing GAGS as Shareware, I've managed to get the
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program into thousands of people's hands, and I've gotten checks
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from a few dozen. And my name is in the limelight, since many
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BBSs have GAGS available for on-line game playing.
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All in all, GAGS has turned out about as I'd expected. Better, in
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fact, since I was much more pessimistic. I was surprised when I
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hit the $1,000 mark, and when I hit that point I actually turned
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around and put extra effort into upgrading GAGS to meet the
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requests of my registered users.
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That, I suppose, is what proves that paying for Shareware is
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important: getting checks prompted me to provide service to those
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users. (The $15 registration for me has been a mixed blessing:
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I've sent out four or five update notices, which take time,
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energy, paper, envelopes and postage.)
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My wildest dreams haven't come true, though. Bob Wallace takes in
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hundreds of thousands of dollars a year for PC-Write, and he's
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got an office and staff people. Jim Button even has an 800
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number. They are the exceptions.
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An aside: Public domain, for the IBM PC, is much rarer than it
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was for CP/M. I guess that's because of Shareware. A lot of
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people who would once have released a package as public domain
|
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are deciding instead to put a little request in, saying, if you
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like this program, please send $10, or $25, or whatever you think
|
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it's worth. They get a few checks, maybe some get a couple
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hundred dollars, and maybe that encourages them. If it were
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public domain, maybe people who'd paid nothing would be more
|
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willing to offer suggestions. Hmm.
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The next project? I'm working with some other programmers on BIX
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[the BYTE Information Exchange] to write a set of programs to
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test for IBM compatibility. It will be pure public-domain,
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because we all agree that a public-domain project is much more
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likely to elicit help from software vendors and other programmers
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(hint, hint) than a Shareware or commercial project where someone
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would get money for other people's suggestions.
|
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Fidonews Page 9 18 Aug 1986
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The Compatibility Test Program Suite will be public domain
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because of the nature of the project. If I were doing GAGS again,
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given the fact that the market for games is better, I'd think
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seriously about selling it commercially.
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I doubt I'll write another game program, though, so there's no
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way to be sure. I'll probably port GAGS to the Macintosh this
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fall, and release it as Shareware. I won't go to the effort of
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porting to any machine that Borland doesn't release Turbo for: I
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don't believe enough Amiga or ST owners would pay for it to make
|
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it worth it.
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If someone came to me with a proposal to take GAGS commercial for
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the Mac or another system, or even enhance it and take it
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commercially for the PC, I'd think about it very seriously.
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What effect has Shareware had on the industry?
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In the case of communications software, it's been devastating. I
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think PC-Talk, Procomm, and Qmodem have more installed base than
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the commercial packages. Most of them aren't paid for, but people
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keep writing new Shareware communications packages. The effect
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is that, unless you're Microstuf with a solid, recognized product
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like Crosstalk, you don't have a chance. Microsoft hasn't even
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made a dent with Microsoft Access, although part of the reason
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|||
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may be its problems with its copy-protection scheme.
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Other areas haven't been as good. PC-Write has done well, and I
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love it, but I don't think it's even in the top ten word
|
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processors in terms of regular users. The same applies to
|
|||
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databases and spreadsheets. I don't even know of a good Shareware
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|||
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spreadsheet.
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Shareware has done its part to cut the cost of software, but I
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think Borland was much more important at that. The whole idea, to
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me, is that if I pay for a package and get lousy support, buggy
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|||
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code, bad documentation, or just plain bad software, I'm going to
|
|||
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jump ship at the first chance I get, whether it's shareware from
|
|||
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Mark Welch or commercial software from Lotus or Ashton-Tate.
|
|||
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|
|||
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-- Mark J. Welch
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|||
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|
|||
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P.S.
|
|||
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|
|||
|
By now, most everyone knows that the generic terms for this
|
|||
|
method of distribution are "Shareware" and "User-supported-
|
|||
|
software." "Freeware" is a trademark of the Headlands Press, and
|
|||
|
applies only to PC-Talk. In some ways, it's a good thing, since
|
|||
|
"Freeware" implies that the program is free, while the other
|
|||
|
terms better express what's going on: people sharing software,
|
|||
|
and users supporting software authors.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 10 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
P.S.S.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For those who are curious: I moved, left InfoWorld, and WelchNet
|
|||
|
is now a private mail-only FidoNet node, all because I am
|
|||
|
starting law school at the University of California at Berkeley.
|
|||
|
(Hmm. Maybe if Shareware had worked better, I'd be going to
|
|||
|
Stanford or Harvard....Then again, no.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 11 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fido 107/269
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ALTERNATE LIFESTYLE(S)
|
|||
|
by "Adam * Gillian"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Utopian Quest calls itself an "Alternate Lifestyle(s)" BBS which
|
|||
|
has been created largely to find and network with other "ALS"
|
|||
|
boards, organizations and individuals.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WHAT IS "ALS" AND WHY IS FIDO BEING "AFFLICTED" WITH IT?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
First of all, the FidoNet itself has some deep philosophical
|
|||
|
roots in the Alternate Lifestyle(s) Movement ... The "shall not
|
|||
|
be too easily annoyed" dictum is a basic reality of communal
|
|||
|
living. Dedication to "free and gratis" BBSs is something Hippie
|
|||
|
and Digger survivors can recognize as their own economic
|
|||
|
utopianism in a new context. The Fido wizard's attitude toward
|
|||
|
individual creativity and responsibility would strike a
|
|||
|
responsive chord among Beatniks and Libertarians.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The term ALS has carried with it connotations of benign secular
|
|||
|
humanism, leftish politics and sexual adventurousness. The
|
|||
|
"alternatives" in ALS usually referred to replacements for diadic
|
|||
|
romanticism. Celibacy (lifelong singleness ... not necessarily
|
|||
|
chastity), and various forms of plural marriage and communalism
|
|||
|
... were (and still are) explored.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ... so to speak.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There has been a deplorable trend in the BBS world to use ALS as
|
|||
|
a euphemism for Gay. This bit of NewSpeak usually describes a
|
|||
|
SIG in a commercial data service run by people who are neither
|
|||
|
Gay nor ALS.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Not all Gays are living alternate lifestyles. Conversely, not
|
|||
|
all ALS people are Gay. Gay and ALS are are not synonymous; nor
|
|||
|
are they mutually exclusive. In the BBS world, Gay BBSs are
|
|||
|
among the most numerous, oldest and most sophisticated non-
|
|||
|
technical boards.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NOW, ABOUT "SWINGERS" ... ARE THEY ALS?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There are different kinds of "swingers": among them are the
|
|||
|
Recreationals, Utopians, and the "Would-Be's." The Bees and their
|
|||
|
sons are by far the most numerous, the least ALS, and the most
|
|||
|
catered to by the erotic entertainment industry. Fantasy
|
|||
|
dominates in these BBSs, with "hot chat" an increasingly popular
|
|||
|
activity on commercial, mainstream data services.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AND WHOM ELSE ??
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An Alternate Lifestyle(s) BBS, in addition to addressing the
|
|||
|
issues of Gay men, Lesbian women, Family Synergy households, non-
|
|||
|
exclusive couples and polyfidelitous individuals (be they
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 12 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
straight, biSexual, or Gay), can also legitimately find itself
|
|||
|
providing an electronic center for Feminists, single parents,
|
|||
|
Naturists and members of many other groups that find themselves
|
|||
|
ill-served by mainstream media.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE UTOPIAN QUEST
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
On Valentine's Day, 1985, The UTOPIAN Network's TBBS became one
|
|||
|
of the few reality based, sexually oriented, Alternate
|
|||
|
Lifestyle(s) BBSs in the country. In March of 1986, Utopian Quest
|
|||
|
LI joined the FidoNet and EchoMail capability was added in July.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We want to find other nodes in the FidoNet that see themselves,
|
|||
|
partially or totally, as ALS boards. If any of what we have said
|
|||
|
in this article strikes a responsive chord, we want to hear from
|
|||
|
you ... and soon.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Mitch Kessler & Gerrie Blum
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 13 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Mitch Kessler, Gerrie Blum, 107/269
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Adult but not X-rated
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UTOPIAN_QUEST_LI, Fido 107/269, Copiague NY is looking for other
|
|||
|
nodes and individual users involved with Alternate Lifestyles.
|
|||
|
UTOPIAN started as a correspondence club more than a year ago,
|
|||
|
running under TBBS. Until now, it has been used primarily by
|
|||
|
bisexuals, non-traditional couples and a few Gay participants.
|
|||
|
However, we hope participation in FidoNet will lead to a more
|
|||
|
diversified user and information base.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UTOPIAN's efforts are concentrated on issues of social and sexual
|
|||
|
(rather than dietary or religious) options. For example; in
|
|||
|
conjunction with London's OUTSIDER'S CLUB, we are beginning to
|
|||
|
explore how electronic communications can meet the the social and
|
|||
|
creative needs of disabled people.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UTOPIAN QUEST is Adult but not X-rated. Mature and non
|
|||
|
judgmental discussion of any subject is welcome, although
|
|||
|
Alternative Family and Family Surrogate structures: Line,
|
|||
|
Contract, Egalitarian and Group Marriages; Multi-Adult, and
|
|||
|
Cooperative Households, Singles-By-Choice and Sexual Minorities,
|
|||
|
are uniquely appropriate in The UTOPIAN.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In addition to providing a forum and information resource for the
|
|||
|
Alternate Lifesyles, UTOPIAN QUEST will operate like any other
|
|||
|
Fido node, although with a distinctly non-technical slant. The
|
|||
|
files section will specialize in programs with liberal arts
|
|||
|
applications and in guides and tutorials which help bring
|
|||
|
microcomputer technology to new users.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Combatting both Sexism and CompPhobia through education is part
|
|||
|
of the Utopian Committment.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 14 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
COLUMNS
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--: 80MATE :--
|
|||
|
Running CP/M 80 Under MS-DOS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Scott N. Loveall
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A unique and fascinating product crossed my path the other day.
|
|||
|
At first I hardly noticed its existence. Similiar to many of
|
|||
|
todays utility-type software packages, this one was bundled in
|
|||
|
flat vinyl covered 5 by 7 book-jack, and contained only a slim 40
|
|||
|
page manual and a disk. It whispered hoarsely as if lacking in
|
|||
|
confidence and self image. No wonder, it sat only inches from a
|
|||
|
towering box of Symphony. 80MATE screamed in a dreary washed-out
|
|||
|
graphic on a sickly creme background. It almost seemed ashamed
|
|||
|
to be what it claimed; a lowly CP/M co-processing package for the
|
|||
|
mighty IBM and its ever present opening act "The Compatables".
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The image, marketing (or lack of), and claims of this product
|
|||
|
were too much. That 80MATE could do what it claimed, seemed too
|
|||
|
good to be true. Here was a product few had ever heard of,
|
|||
|
claiming to do the task of a chunk of hardware often exceeding
|
|||
|
$300 dollars. All seemed a ruse until I noted the software
|
|||
|
company, VERTEX. This was a plus. Vertex already had a highly
|
|||
|
touted (though overrated) DOS disk format conversion product on
|
|||
|
the market called Xenocopy. 80MATE was worth a second look.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Upon close perusal of the enclosed "pamphlet", I found a number
|
|||
|
of CP/M formats supported: APPLE CP/M-80, Heath Z/19 - Z89,
|
|||
|
Kaypro II/IV, Osborne, Morrow Designs, Televideo 900 series, and
|
|||
|
the Zerox 820. I would try it. Further reading revealed that
|
|||
|
the thrust of the program was directed at 80MATE being capable of
|
|||
|
emulating CP/M in memory when run in your friendly neighborhood
|
|||
|
DOS machine. It claimed to set up an island in memory that
|
|||
|
intercepted the Z80 code before it could be processed by the 8088
|
|||
|
CPU (Central Processing Unit) of most MSDOS computers. A worthy
|
|||
|
concept, if it worked.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To create a workable model, the CP/M programs of choice must
|
|||
|
first be transferred to a formatted MSDOS diskette. On the
|
|||
|
Kaypro and many others, this requires a CP/M format conversion
|
|||
|
program such as COMPAT or UNIFORM [or MEDIA MASTER by DG
|
|||
|
Systems]. This is not at all obvious until AFTER the product is
|
|||
|
purchased, and should be stated on the cover. Obviously, Vertex
|
|||
|
finds this a crafty way to sell its Xenocopy disk format
|
|||
|
conversion product.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
My first two UNIFORM copies that I was able to obtain, just hung
|
|||
|
up. A friend tells me that such conversion programs are drive
|
|||
|
alignment sensitive, and may be finicky. He reported needing to
|
|||
|
try 3 copies before finding one that would work properly. My
|
|||
|
experienced confirmed this. I formatted a fresh DOS diskette on
|
|||
|
my Compaq Deskpro, placed it drive b: of my Kaypro 4-84, and ran
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 15 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UNIFORM in drive a:. When UNIFORM prompted me, I placed Perfect
|
|||
|
Writer in a:, and transfered all files to b: I repeated this
|
|||
|
process with Wordstar, dBase II, SuperCalc2, and The Word Plus.
|
|||
|
In about 20 minutes, all was complete. Moving over to the
|
|||
|
Compaq, I eased 80MATE into the drive and asked for a directory.
|
|||
|
I typed DIR and received a full report. Z80 was among the many
|
|||
|
choices present. I typed in Z80. Response: "Someone has tried a
|
|||
|
disk copy. Aren't you nosey?". It immediately locked up.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Investigating this phenomenon revealed that the product is
|
|||
|
protected by a sleazey form of Prolock that ruins your disk if a
|
|||
|
copy is attempted. Now that would only be half bad if bright
|
|||
|
bold letters warned of this feature, but nowhere was it written
|
|||
|
that this will occur. To make matters more irritating, I had not
|
|||
|
attempted a copy of this product. Apparently this protection
|
|||
|
scheme is a means for Vertex to acquire an additional 20 clams
|
|||
|
for replacing your violated diskette. On the pricipal of this
|
|||
|
practice alone, I was sorely tempted to just ignore the product
|
|||
|
all together. Why publicize such obvious victimization and
|
|||
|
arrogance. My other self cried for justice through the poison
|
|||
|
pen. A third self said, forget it, it will do no good. The
|
|||
|
third self was probably right.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Upon finally obtaining a bootable and workable copy, I was
|
|||
|
greeted with an "A>Z80 CP/M" prompt. I inserted the Perfect
|
|||
|
Writer programs and typed PW. Sure enought up it came. I had also
|
|||
|
tranferred a data file written with Perfect Writer, and called it
|
|||
|
to the fore. It came up justified, and styled just as I had
|
|||
|
written it. I was astounded and pleased. I tried the same for
|
|||
|
the dBase II, Wordstar, and Word Plus. The result was the same.
|
|||
|
Flawless performance of CP/M under MSDOS. SuperCalc2 I'm sorry
|
|||
|
to say, did not fare so well. It seems that 80MATE only supports
|
|||
|
those programs for the older Kaypro IIs and IVs. Anything with
|
|||
|
graphics calls such as the "new" versions of the Micropro
|
|||
|
software packaged with the 2-84, 4-84, and 10 will cause moderate
|
|||
|
to severe alterations in the screen output. SuperCalc2 is such a
|
|||
|
program in that the version run, was installed to support reverse
|
|||
|
video. Normally SuperCalc2 for the Kaypro does not do this, so
|
|||
|
it should run with this conversion if purchased and unchanged. I
|
|||
|
retried an non-graphic installed version and it performed just
|
|||
|
fine.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In retrospect, the video problem is to be expected. The major
|
|||
|
drawbacks of most co-processors are their inability to interpret
|
|||
|
and re-route various video calls. This is true of the Co-Power
|
|||
|
88 board for the Kaypro and even the Quadlink Apple co-processors
|
|||
|
for IBM. The ROMS are just too different. Vertex has included
|
|||
|
in its 80MATE manual, a section on terminal emulation. Again,
|
|||
|
however, the virtues of reverse video, underlining, and boldface
|
|||
|
are not taken into consideration for the older Kaypro models
|
|||
|
incapable of such functions.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It can be asked why you and I would even consider acquiring such
|
|||
|
a product as 80MATE. The vast majority of programs which run on
|
|||
|
our Kaypros are also available for MSDOS. In most all cases, the
|
|||
|
many other applications that run on the IBM (et. al.), can run
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 16 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
circles around our prehistoric(?) CP/M stuff. Well that could
|
|||
|
certainly be debated at length, but the point is that what most
|
|||
|
of us would be after is text file compatability, not 80MATE's
|
|||
|
functions.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What 80MATE provides is a means of achieving universality. An
|
|||
|
associate writer and teacher tells the tale of how he would like
|
|||
|
to have Perfect Writer in MSDOS so that he could use the IBMs
|
|||
|
that fill the rooms at his workplace. Programs such as Kamas,
|
|||
|
Plu*Perfect Writer, and various CP/M utilities can be run while
|
|||
|
not worrying about the unlearned or forgotten commands of
|
|||
|
Wordstar or Perfect Writer. Although not a big ticket
|
|||
|
application item, 80MATE nonetheless provides a function that is
|
|||
|
valuable for many but not most.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Although thouroughly turned off by the company's
|
|||
|
protection/numbers racket, I recommend the program. It works
|
|||
|
without a hitch, supports a comfortable number of CP/M formats,
|
|||
|
at $140, though expensive it doesn't cost an arm and a leg, and
|
|||
|
it is easy to learn and run. With the Kaypro 16 entering the
|
|||
|
marketplace, a number of us will no doubt become a multi-DOS user
|
|||
|
as I have. Programs such as the Perfect Software series, Thw
|
|||
|
Word Plus (Absent from the 16's software lineup), and Microplan,
|
|||
|
may also represent programs strongly invested in. To be sure
|
|||
|
80MATE has a place for those in need.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Should you search out this program and buy it, please take a
|
|||
|
moment to trounce its company Vertex, thats V E R T E X, with a
|
|||
|
bit of hate mail about its protection scheme. It probably won't
|
|||
|
do any good, but you'll feel better, I'll be grateful, and heh,
|
|||
|
you never know.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 17 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
William/Eunhee Hunter
|
|||
|
Fido 109/626
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Computer Industry Spotlight on:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ALLEN-BRADLEY COMPANY -- Allen-Bradley's products range from
|
|||
|
simple on-off switches to state-of-the-art programmable
|
|||
|
controllers, microelectronic networks, custom-developed speed
|
|||
|
drives, and business consulting. Privately held, it has over
|
|||
|
14,000 employees and 30 plants worldwide. The Systems,
|
|||
|
Industrial Control, Electronics Group, Drives, and Packaged
|
|||
|
Control Products departments are looking for technical graduates
|
|||
|
for entry-level positions in development engineering, technical
|
|||
|
marketing, applications engineering, and manufacturing. The
|
|||
|
company also has ongoing openings in the sales division. After
|
|||
|
sales training in Milwaukee, recruits are assigned to a field
|
|||
|
sales office and serve customers using the entire range of Allen-
|
|||
|
Bradley products, systems, and services.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Contact: Corporate College Relations, Allen-Bradley Company,
|
|||
|
1201 South Second St., Milwaukee, WI 53204.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 18 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
WANTED
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
James Whorton, 14/623
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FidoNet technical information needed!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Have you ever tried to write a FidoNet clone system? I
|
|||
|
recommend it as a way to truly appreciate the Fido environment
|
|||
|
that we use. I decided to write a clone system for two reasons.
|
|||
|
First, already having written a somewhat complex remote system
|
|||
|
called RTE (Remote Turbo Environment) I had no wish to abandon
|
|||
|
that system and all the effort that had gone into creating it.
|
|||
|
Second, and perhaps more important, I run a Z80 based CP/M-80
|
|||
|
system with an 8088 coprocessor card with 512K ram utilizing MS-
|
|||
|
DOS 2.11. The BIOS functions are emulated fairly well, including
|
|||
|
the basic monochrome graphics mode, but that is a far cry from
|
|||
|
having a "clone" system.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I was fortunate enough to have several excellent Fido nodes in
|
|||
|
my local area (14/609, 14/621 and 14/608), the SysOps of which
|
|||
|
have all been most helpful and supportive of my efforts. But the
|
|||
|
primary stumbling block to writing this clone software was, and
|
|||
|
is, solid technical information. To date, using the formal
|
|||
|
network protocol definition that Tom Jennings wrote back in
|
|||
|
October of 1984, I have managed to put together a system that is
|
|||
|
capable of both sending and receiving mail and attached files,
|
|||
|
although I have not yet been able to implement either 2-way
|
|||
|
transfer of packets and files, or the POLL and PICKUP functions.
|
|||
|
The reason is simple: I do not have any current technical
|
|||
|
information on these aspects of the FidoNet protocol.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Having read the latest FidoNews I see that a new formal
|
|||
|
definition is apparently going to be put together. We should all
|
|||
|
applaud this effort. However, an effort of this type can take an
|
|||
|
indeterminate amount of time, and I must admit to being impatient
|
|||
|
to bring my hybrid system up to full Fido node status.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If anyone can provide any current technical information or
|
|||
|
assistance, it would be greatly appreciated. My node, 14/623, is
|
|||
|
on-line and ready for your input!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thank you for your kind attention, and long live FidoNet.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bark Bark!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 19 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
FOR SALE
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bill Bogartz, 102/901
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Get Your Baud in Shape with BDawg
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bogartz Software
|
|||
|
(BS is our business)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Has it never troubled you that Fido is a surly beast when first
|
|||
|
he wakes? An ill-mannered cur with downcast eyes who shows a
|
|||
|
dull blank face to the world, cowering with his tail between his
|
|||
|
legs, and too fearful to speak unless spoken to?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Oh, the shame of it!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Have you never dreamed of a happy Fido with his eyes bright and
|
|||
|
smiling, tail wagging, ears erect, ready to greet each caller
|
|||
|
with a pleasantly well-bred, cheerful welcoming bark?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Of course you have.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Rest easy, my friend. If your computer is IBM compatible, all
|
|||
|
those sleepless nights have ended. Your fondest fantasy has been
|
|||
|
fulfilled. For only $25.00, a jot, a tittle, a mere bagatelle,
|
|||
|
you can purchase a little friend for Fido, a pup named BDawg who
|
|||
|
can change Fido's disposition overnight.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BDawg wakes when the phone rings, announces the baud rate and the
|
|||
|
time of day, and gently nips at Fido until he clears the cobwebs
|
|||
|
from his fuzzy head, gives a friendly bark, and goes out to work
|
|||
|
singing. Faithful little friend that he is, BDawg lets Fido
|
|||
|
think he found the baud rate by himself, and Fido glows with
|
|||
|
sweet satisfaction in a job well done.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Think of it!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
All those bitter days of loneliness ended for Fido. No more new
|
|||
|
users staring at a blank screen in ignorant dismay. No more
|
|||
|
switch hook blips from cheapie modems that trigger the wrong
|
|||
|
rate. No more nights spent dreaming of a better day.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
No more CRs, no more spaces,
|
|||
|
No more users' angry faces!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Be kind to man's best friend. Be kind to yourself.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Order BDawg today!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 20 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ellicott Software, 109/628
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DataCare, a PC Magazine choice in its recent review of hard disk
|
|||
|
products, is available at a new low price - $49.95, down from
|
|||
|
$129.95. This is the same product that has been favorably
|
|||
|
reviewed. The price is for a limited time only.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This product is used by a number of Fido BBS's in net 109, and
|
|||
|
has found favor with many people that are not SYSOPS in the
|
|||
|
Baltimore - DC - Virginia area.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Three-week trials are available from any user of the product.
|
|||
|
The review can be read in the PC magazine issue that had as its
|
|||
|
emphasis EGA boards. A review has been submitted to FidoNews for
|
|||
|
publication, but it is uncertain when it will appear.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DataCare is published by:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ellicott Software, Inc.
|
|||
|
3777 Plum Hill Court
|
|||
|
Ellicott City, MD 21043
|
|||
|
(301) 465-2790
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 21 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE FOR YOUR PC!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SUPERDOTS! KALAH!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Professional quality games include PASCAL source! From the
|
|||
|
author of KALAH Version 1.6, SuperDots, a variation of the
|
|||
|
popular pencil/paper DOTS game, has MAGIC and HIDDEN DOT
|
|||
|
options. KALAH 1.7 is an African strategy game requiring
|
|||
|
skill to manipulate pegs around a playing board. Both games
|
|||
|
use the ANSI Escape sequences provided with the ANSI.SYS
|
|||
|
device driver for the IBM-PC, or built into the firmware on
|
|||
|
the DEC Rainbow. Only $19.95 each or $39.95 for both
|
|||
|
exciting games! Please specify version and disk format.
|
|||
|
These games have been written in standard TURBO-PASCAL and
|
|||
|
run on the IBM-PC, DEC Rainbow 100 (MSDOS and CPM), CPM/80,
|
|||
|
CPM/86, and PDP-11. Other disk formats are available, but
|
|||
|
minor customization may be required.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BSS Software
|
|||
|
P.O. Box 3827
|
|||
|
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For every order placed, a donation will be made to the Fido
|
|||
|
coordinators! Also, if you have a previous version of KALAH
|
|||
|
and send me a donation, a portion of that donation will also
|
|||
|
be sent to the coordinators. When you place an order, BE
|
|||
|
CERTAIN TO MENTION WHERE YOU SAW THE AD since it also
|
|||
|
appears in PC Magazine and Digital Review.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Questions and comments can be sent to:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Brian Sietz at Fido 107/17
|
|||
|
(609) 429-6630 300/1200/2400 baud
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 22 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now available from Micro Consulting Associates!!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Public Domain collection - 550+ "ARC" archives - 20+ megs of
|
|||
|
software and other goodies, and that's "archived" size! When
|
|||
|
unpacked, you get approximately 28 megabytes worth of all kinds
|
|||
|
of software, from text editors to games to unprotection schemes
|
|||
|
to communications programs, compilers, interpreters, etc... Over
|
|||
|
55 DS/DD diskettes!!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This collection is the result of more than 15 months of intensive
|
|||
|
downloads from just about 150 or more BBS's and other sources,
|
|||
|
all of which have been examined, indexed and archived for your
|
|||
|
convenience. Starting a Bulletin Board System? Want to add on
|
|||
|
to your software base without spending thousands of dollars? This
|
|||
|
is the answer!!!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To order the library, send $100 (personal or company check,
|
|||
|
postal money order or company purchase order) to:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Micro Consulting Associates, Fido 103/511
|
|||
|
Post Office Box 4296
|
|||
|
200-1/2 E. Balboa Boulevard
|
|||
|
Balboa, Ca. 92661-4296
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Please allow 3 weeks for delivery of your order.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note: No profit is made from the sale of the Public Domain
|
|||
|
software in this collection. The price is applied entirely to
|
|||
|
the cost of downloading the software over the phone lines,
|
|||
|
running a BBS to receive file submissions, and inspecting,
|
|||
|
cataloguing, archiving and maintaining the files. Obtaining this
|
|||
|
software yourself through the use of a computer with a modem
|
|||
|
using commercial phone access would cost you much more than what
|
|||
|
we charge for the service...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Please specify what type of format you would like the disks to be
|
|||
|
prepared on. The following choices are available:
|
|||
|
- IBM PC-DOS Backup utility
|
|||
|
- Zenith MS-DOS 2.11 Backup Utility
|
|||
|
- DSBackup
|
|||
|
- Fastback
|
|||
|
- ACS INTRCPT 720k format
|
|||
|
- Plain ol' files (add $50)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Add $30 if you want the library on 1.2 meg AT disks (more
|
|||
|
expensive disks). There are no shipping or handling charges.
|
|||
|
California residents add 6% tax.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For each sale, $10 will go to the FidoNet Administrators.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 23 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
RAINBOW FREEWARE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bruce Jackson's RAINBOW FREEWARE -- a 170-page book which
|
|||
|
describes, evaluates, and provides working instructions for more
|
|||
|
than 150 of the best public domain, shareware, and freeware
|
|||
|
programs now available for the DEC Rainbow computer -- has been
|
|||
|
published by New South Moulton Press. Jackson discusses MS-DOS
|
|||
|
programs that manage the computer, handle directories, manipulate
|
|||
|
files, control printers, and prepare texts. He also describes
|
|||
|
games and graphics programs.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
RAINBOW FREEWARE is the only book devoted to public domain
|
|||
|
software for the Rainbow. It is designed as a practical, working
|
|||
|
manual. Program descriptions are organized so even novice users
|
|||
|
can be running a specific program within minutes. The book also
|
|||
|
provides full information on using the FIDO network to obtain
|
|||
|
programs and technical assistance. The "Technical Notes" section
|
|||
|
of the book describes in practical detail MS-DOS functions and
|
|||
|
operations necessary to take full advantage of both commercial
|
|||
|
and free software.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
RAINBOW FREEWARE is available by mail from the publisher for $20
|
|||
|
($17 for FIDO sysops) plus $2 for postage and handling ($12 for
|
|||
|
foreign orders). Foreign orders must be paid in US dollars by
|
|||
|
check drawn on a US bank or International Money Order. New York
|
|||
|
residents please add the appropriate sales tax. Prepaid orders
|
|||
|
for 10 or more copies from Rainbow users groups will be accepted
|
|||
|
at 10% discount and will be shipped via UPS; add $10 shipping and
|
|||
|
handling for the first 10 books included in such orders and $0.60
|
|||
|
for each additional book. Send payment and shipping information
|
|||
|
to:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NEW SOUTH MOULTON PRESS
|
|||
|
96 Rumsey Road
|
|||
|
Buffalo, New York 14209
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 24 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
NOTICES
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Interrupt Stack
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
24 Aug 1989
|
|||
|
Voyager 2 passes Neptune.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you have something which you would like to see on this
|
|||
|
calendar, please send a message to FidoNet node 1/1.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I recently gave my sister my old cp/m computer/printer/modem so I
|
|||
|
could stay in touch with her via FidoNet. I live in Miami, Fl.
|
|||
|
and she is attending school at the U. of Fla. in Gainsville. I
|
|||
|
drove the six hours up there, set her up and bootstrapped my list
|
|||
|
of local bbs's up from the one I initi-ally found by calling a
|
|||
|
local computer store. Boy was I suprised to find there is NO
|
|||
|
FIDO IN GAINSVILLE! Imagine a university town with all the
|
|||
|
computer science students and NO FIDO. This letter is a
|
|||
|
solicitation for anybody up there to start one. If you want I'll
|
|||
|
modem you the software, or even make another trip up to help you
|
|||
|
get one started.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A side note: prior to all this I searched the nodelist and did
|
|||
|
find one listed for Gainsville. Node 101/345, Alligator Board,
|
|||
|
sysop Sharon King. Unfortunately it is a private board. I tried
|
|||
|
calling Gainsville info, but there was no listing for Sharon
|
|||
|
King, I tried sending a note via fidonet but never got a reply.
|
|||
|
Funny thing is the board is listed as being in net 101 which is
|
|||
|
in Massachusetts! If anybody can tell me how I can get in touch
|
|||
|
with Sharon please let me know.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Al de la Torre
|
|||
|
sysop 135/7 305-554-4602
|
|||
|
voice 305-554-9346
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\ !!!! A T T E N T I O N !!!! /
|
|||
|
\ /
|
|||
|
\ PC Techniques (108/62) /
|
|||
|
\ /
|
|||
|
--------> Has a new phone number: <--------
|
|||
|
/ \
|
|||
|
/ --> (513) 745-0037 <-- \
|
|||
|
/ \
|
|||
|
/ Hours: 6p-8a Mon-Fri, 24hrs Wkends \
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Frank Thornley, 503/2
|
|||
|
Fidonews Page 25 18 Aug 1986
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hi Guys, just a quickie to let you know that the UK will be
|
|||
|
represented at the conference in August. My wife and I will be
|
|||
|
travelling out on the 5th of August to New York, and travelling
|
|||
|
on to Colorado. Can't wait to meet the other Fido sysops.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
St. Louis sounds like a nice place. Hope to visit there too. Any
|
|||
|
offers to show us the sights would be greatly appreciated.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I think it would be a good idea to start some sort of exchange
|
|||
|
program with US sysops, any ideas? I think I will turn one of our
|
|||
|
lines over to run a Fido specifically for this purpose.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'll be glad to turn my house over to a US visitor if he will do
|
|||
|
the same for us... sounds like fun....
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the meantime any offers to show us the sights whiile we are in
|
|||
|
St Louis would be greatly appreciated....
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye for now.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Adam Selene, 107/269
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ALTERNATE LIFESTYLE(S) Conference with EchoMail
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There is a wide range of Alternate Lifestyles. UTOPIAN QUEST LI
|
|||
|
(107/269) has a special interest in options concerning sexual and
|
|||
|
sex role behavior, partner choice, family structure, and
|
|||
|
polyfidelity. Other Fidos will, of course, have other viewpoints
|
|||
|
on ALS.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Can we use EchoMail to find our own E Pluribus Unum?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|